Hair and Scalp Care, Shampooing, and Treatments
What this domain tests
This domain covers hair analysis, scalp assessment, shampoo selection and technique, and treatment application. Exam items ask you to match a client observation to a product, a massage movement, or a referral decision.
Hair analysis before service
Assess four properties: texture (fine, medium, coarse), density (thin to thick), porosity (how readily the cuticle accepts and loses moisture), and elasticity (stretch and return). Low porosity resists moisture and can resist chemical penetration; high porosity absorbs quickly and loses moisture. Elasticity that snaps rather than stretches signals damage and limits chemical services.
Scalp conditions
- Dry or oily scalp: adjust shampoo and conditioner, not medical treatment.
- Pityriasis (dandruff): flaking without inflammation; medicated shampoo may help.
- Seborrheic dermatitis: red, greasy scales; refer if severe.
- Tinea (ringworm), pediculosis (lice), folliculitis, and open lesions: do not service; refer to a physician.
- Contraindications to scalp massage: inflammation, abrasions, recent chemical burns, contagious conditions.
Shampoo and treatment logic
Shampoo surfactants lift sebum and product; water should be comfortably warm, not hot. Clarifying shampoo removes buildup but strips color and moisture, so limit use. Moisturizing shampoo and conditioner add humectants; protein treatments temporarily fill and strengthen but overuse makes hair stiff and brittle. Massage movements include effleurage (gliding), petrissage (kneading), tapotement (percussion), and vibration.
Worked example
A client with fine hair, an oily scalp, and heavy pomade buildup asks for a moisturizing treatment. Reasoning: start with a gentle clarifying or balancing shampoo once to remove buildup, then apply a lightweight conditioner to midshafts and ends only; avoid heavy masks at the scalp. Reassess elasticity before recommending any chemical service.
Traps
- Massaging an inflamed or broken scalp.
- Diagnosing ringworm instead of referring.
- Applying heavy conditioner at the roots on fine hair.
- Using hot water, which increases oil production and color fading.