KY Cosmetology flashcards
KY Cosmetology · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Cuticle layer
- The outermost layer of the hair shaft, made of overlapping scale-like cells that protect the cortex and regulate how much moisture and chemicals enter the fiber.
- Anagen phase
- The active growth stage of the hair cycle, lasting roughly two to seven years, during which the follicle produces a new hair shaft continuously.
- Disulfide bond
- A strong chemical bond between cysteine molecules in the hair cortex that gives hair its strength and shape, broken by perming and relaxing and reformed by neutralizers.
- pH and cuticle
- Alkaline products raise pH above about 5.5, swelling the hair and opening the cuticle, while acidic products lower pH and contract the cuticle to smooth and seal it.
- Eumelanin vs pheomelanin
- Eumelanin provides brown and black pigment while pheomelanin provides red and yellow pigment; their ratio and density create a person's natural hair color.
- Pathogen vs nonpathogen
- Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease, such as certain bacteria, fungi, and viruses, while nonpathogens do not cause disease under normal conditions.
- Neck strip placement
- A narrow strip of towel or paper placed between the client's skin and the cape to absorb moisture and prevent product from contacting the neck during services.
- Surfactant action
- Shampoo molecules have a water-loving head and an oil-loving tail; the tail lifts sebum and debris while the head lets water rinse them away.
- Hair porosity
- The ability of the hair to absorb and retain moisture; low porosity resists absorption, while high porosity absorbs quickly and loses moisture easily.
- Elevation in haircutting
- The angle at which hair is held away from the head before cutting; 0 degrees builds weight, 90 degrees creates uniform layers, and 180 degrees creates long layers.
- Blow-dry direction
- Directing airflow from scalp toward ends keeps cuticle scales flat for a smooth finish; cool air sets the shape after heat styling.
- Temporary haircolor
- Color that coats the outside of the cuticle with large molecules and rinses out with one shampoo, used for toners and color refreshers.
- Developer volumes
- Hydrogen peroxide strengths: 10 volume (3%) deposits color, 20 volume (6%) lifts about one level, 30 volume (9%) lifts two to three, and 40 volume (12%) lifts up to four.
- Complementary color rule
- Colors opposite each other on the color wheel neutralize: blue cancels orange, green cancels red, and violet cancels yellow in haircolor formulation.
- Permanent wave chemistry
- A reducing agent such as ammonium thioglycolate breaks disulfide bonds, and a neutralizer such as hydrogen peroxide rebuilds them in the new curled shape.
- Hydroxide vs thio relaxer
- Hydroxide relaxers are strongly alkaline and permanently straighten hair, while ammonium thioglycolate relaxers are milder; the two types must never be used on the same hair.
- Keratin smoothing treatment
- A temporary protein-based coating applied with heat that reduces frizz for weeks; it does not permanently alter disulfide bonds and is not a true straightener.
- Skin type categories
- Normal, dry, oily, combination, and sensitive describe oil production, hydration, and reactivity and guide product selection during a facial service.
- Facial service sequence
- Cleanse, analyze, exfoliate, steam, extract, massage, mask, tone, moisturize, and apply sun protection, adjusting steps and products to the client's skin type.
- Hard wax use
- A low-melt wax applied in a thick layer without strips, used on sensitive areas such as the face and bikini line, removed against the direction of hair growth.
- Color correcting makeup
- Green neutralizes redness, peach or orange neutralizes blue and dark circles, and lavender neutralizes sallow yellow tones before foundation is applied.
- Onychomycosis
- A fungal nail infection producing thick, yellowed, crumbling nails; it is contagious and requires medical treatment, so the service should be refused and the client referred.
- Paronychia
- A bacterial infection of the tissue around the nail plate causing redness, swelling, and pain; it is a contraindication for nail services and needs medical care.
- Nail plate growth rate
- Fingernails grow about 3 mm per month and toenails about 1 mm per month, so complete replacement of a fingernail takes roughly four to six months.
- Disinfection vs sterilization
- Disinfection destroys most pathogens on surfaces and implements, while sterilization destroys all microbial life including spores, typically using an autoclave.
- Tuberculocidal disinfectant
- An EPA-registered hospital-grade product that kills the bacteria causing tuberculosis; implements are soaked for the label contact time, commonly about ten minutes.
- Single-use implements
- Items such as files, buffers, wooden sticks, cotton, and gloves that cannot be adequately disinfected and must be discarded after one client.
- Safety Data Sheet
- A manufacturer document listing a product's hazards, safe handling, first aid, and storage requirements; it must be available in the salon for each chemical used.
- Kentucky Board of Cosmetology
- The state agency that licenses cosmetologists, nail technicians, estheticians, and salons, adopts administrative regulations, and inspects and disciplines licensees.
- Scope of practice
- The legally permitted services a licensee may perform; diagnosing or treating disease and cutting living tissue are outside cosmetology scope and require medical referral.
- License display rule
- The individual license must be displayed at the workstation, and the salon license must be current and available for inspection by the Board during business hours.
- Informed consent
- Explaining a service's purpose, risks, alternatives, and expected outcome and obtaining the client's agreement before beginning chemical or skin services.