KY Pesticide Applicator flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- FIFRA
- Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act is the federal law governing pesticide registration, labeling, distribution, and use; EPA administers it, and states may enforce stricter rules.
- Restricted-use pesticide
- A pesticide classified for retail sale or use only by certified applicators or persons under their direct supervision because of potential human health or environmental risk.
- Signal word
- A label word indicating acute toxicity: Danger for highly toxic Category I, Warning for moderately toxic Category II, and Caution for slightly toxic Categories III and IV.
- EPA registration number
- A unique identifier on a pesticide label showing the product has been registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under FIFRA.
- Labeling
- All written material accompanying a pesticide, including the container label and supplemental instructions or brochures; it is enforceable under FIFRA.
- Preharvest interval
- The minimum number of days between the last pesticide application and harvest of a crop, stated on the label to keep residues within legal tolerances.
- KDA pesticide authority
- The Kentucky Department of Agriculture administers pesticide applicator certification, licensing, and enforcement of state pesticide laws and regulations.
- Action threshold
- The pest population or damage level at which control measures are justified to prevent unacceptable economic or aesthetic loss.
- Economic injury level
- The pest density at which the cost of control equals the value of crop loss prevented; thresholds are set below it.
- Biological control
- Managing pests by using or conserving living natural enemies such as predators, parasitoids, and pathogens.
- Cultural control
- Pest management through practices such as crop rotation, sanitation, resistant varieties, planting date adjustment, and habitat modification.
- Pesticide resistance
- A heritable decrease in a pest population's susceptibility to a pesticide after repeated exposure, making previously effective rates ineffective.
- Disease triangle
- A plant disease occurs only when a susceptible host, a virulent pathogen, and favorable environmental conditions occur together.
- Chemical-resistant gloves
- Gloves made of materials such as nitrile, neoprene, or butyl that resist pesticide penetration; leather and cotton gloves are not chemical-resistant.
- Respirator fit test
- A check that a respirator seals to the wearer's face; it requires a clean-shaven face and must be repeated as required by the employer.
- Dermal exposure
- Pesticide contact with skin, the most common route of applicator exposure; it is reduced by labeled PPE and prompt washing.
- Eye flushing
- Immediate rinsing of the eyes with clean water for at least 15 minutes after pesticide contact, then seeking medical attention.
- Heat stress
- Illness from high body temperature during PPE use; signs include dizziness, nausea, weakness, and confusion, requiring cooling and medical help.
- Pesticide poisoning signs
- Symptoms such as headache, nausea, sweating, blurred vision, weakness, or confusion that require stopping work, removing PPE, and seeking medical care.
- GPA formula
- Broadcast spray rate: GPA = (GPM × 5940) ÷ (MPH × nozzle spacing in inches), where GPM is flow per nozzle.
- Nozzle flow formula
- GPM = (GPA × MPH × nozzle spacing in inches) ÷ 5940, used to select nozzles for a target spray rate.
- 1/128 acre method
- Calibration method using 1/128 acre (340 square feet); ounces collected per nozzle equal gallons per acre.
- Tank acres
- Acres one tank will cover equals tank capacity in gallons divided by spray rate in gallons per acre.
- Pressure and flow
- Nozzle flow changes with the square root of pressure; quadrupling pressure doubles flow, while doubling pressure raises flow about 1.41 times.
- Speed and GPA
- For a fixed nozzle flow, spray rate in gallons per acre changes inversely with ground speed; increasing speed lowers GPA.
- Spray drift
- Movement of pesticide droplets or particles off the target area, influenced by droplet size, boom height, wind, speed, and equipment setup.
- Triple rinse
- Draining a pesticide container, adding rinse water, rotating it, and draining into the spray tank, repeated three times; pressure rinsing is an alternative.
- Back-siphoning
- Reverse flow of pesticide mixture into a water supply when filling equipment; prevented by an air gap or backflow prevention device.
- Leaching
- Downward movement of pesticides through soil into groundwater, favored by high water solubility, persistence, and low soil adsorption.
- Pesticide spill kit
- Absorbent materials, PPE, containers, and tools kept on hand to contain and clean up pesticide spills safely.
- Container disposal
- Empty pesticide containers must be rinsed and disposed of according to the label and state rules; recycling or approved landfill options may apply.
- Buffer zone
- An untreated area between a pesticide application and sensitive sites such as water, homes, or habitat, required by some labels to reduce off-site movement.