AAK ATPL (Kazakhstan) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Chicago Convention sovereignty

Article 1 of the 1944 Chicago Convention recognizes that every State has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory.

ICAO Standard definition

A Standard is any specification whose uniform application is recognized as necessary for safety or regularity; States must notify differences.

PIC emergency authority

The pilot-in-command has final authority for the aircraft and may deviate from rules to the extent necessary in an emergency.

Semi-monocoque structure

A stressed skin carries most loads, supported by frames and stringers; it provides a light, strong airframe with fail-safe features.

Gas turbine sequence

Air passes through intake, compressor, combustion chamber, turbine and exhaust; the turbine drives the compressor and accessories.

Cabin outflow valve

The outflow valve regulates cabin pressure by controlling how much air leaves the pressurized fuselage, maintaining selected cabin altitude and differential pressure.

CG formula

Center of gravity arm equals total moment divided by total mass, where each moment is mass multiplied by its arm from the datum.

Dry operating mass

Dry operating mass is the empty aircraft plus crew, crew baggage, catering, potable water and operational items; it excludes fuel and payload.

Forward CG effects

A forward center of gravity increases longitudinal stability and pitch-down tendency, raises stall speed, lengthens takeoff and reduces cruise efficiency.

Density altitude

Pressure altitude corrected for non-standard temperature; high density altitude reduces engine power, propeller thrust and lift, lengthening takeoff and landing distances.

V1 decision speed

The speed at or before which an engine failure allows the aircraft to stop on the runway; after V1 takeoff must continue.

Balanced field length

The runway length where accelerate-stop distance equals accelerate-go distance, achieved by selecting the appropriate V1.

Final reserve fuel

Fuel required to hold for 30 minutes at 1,500 ft above the alternate aerodrome for turbine aircraft; piston aircraft use 45 minutes.

Equal time point

A point on route where the time to fly to either of two aerodromes is equal, used for diversion decisions.

Wind triangle

A vector diagram combining true airspeed and heading with wind velocity to determine ground speed and true track.

Time of useful consciousness

The period after loss of cabin pressure during which a pilot can still take corrective action; about 30-60 seconds at FL350.

Somatogravic illusion

During acceleration, the otoliths signal a pitch-up sensation; during deceleration they signal pitch-down, causing control errors without visual reference.

Night vision and rods

Rods provide night vision, are most sensitive 10-20 degrees off center, and need about 30 minutes for full dark adaptation.

QNH and QFE

QNH is pressure reduced to sea level, giving altitude on the altimeter; QFE is station pressure, giving height above that station.

Cold front passage

A cold front brings rapid lifting, cumulonimbus, heavy showers, thunderstorms, gusty winds and a sharp temperature drop, with rapid clearing behind.

Microburst recognition

A strong localized downdraft causing headwind then tailwind shear near the ground; avoid flying below 1,000 ft AGL near it.

Great circle route

The shortest path between two points on the Earth's surface; its track changes continuously except along the equator or a meridian.

Variation east magnetic least

Magnetic heading equals true heading minus easterly variation, or plus westerly variation; compass heading then applies deviation.

VOR radial

A magnetic bearing from a VOR station; the cockpit indicator shows which radial the aircraft is on and course deviation.

ILS localizer and glideslope

The localizer provides lateral guidance on 108-112 MHz; the glideslope provides vertical guidance on 329-335 MHz.

RAIM function

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring uses redundant GPS satellites to detect and, with enough satellites, exclude faulty signals.

Sterile cockpit rule

Below 10,000 ft and during taxi, takeoff and landing, crew must avoid nonessential conversation and activities that could distract from duties.

Rejected takeoff decision

Before V1, stop for engine failure, fire, loss of directional control or unsafe configuration; after V1, continue unless the aircraft cannot fly.

Lift equation

Lift equals lift coefficient times half the air density times velocity squared times wing area; it increases with angle of attack up to the stall.

Load factor stall speed

Stall speed increases with the square root of load factor, so at 2 g the stall speed is about 1.41 times the 1 g value.

MAYDAY and PAN-PAN

MAYDAY signals distress and immediate danger; PAN-PAN signals urgency without immediate danger; both are repeated three times.

Lost communications squawk

If radio failure occurs, set transponder to 7600; IFR pilots then follow the published lost-communication procedure and last clearance.