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Judge Qualification Exam (Kazakhstan) study materials
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Judge Qualification Exam (Kazakhstan) practice questions

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Question 1Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

According to the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, who is the source of state power?

  1. The Parliament
  2. The President
  3. The people Correct answer.
  4. The Constitutional Council

Explanation

Article 3 of the Constitution establishes that the people are the sole source of state power in the Republic of Kazakhstan. State power is exercised directly through a referendum and free elections, and also delegated to state bodies. No single institution, including the President or Parliament, holds original sovereignty.

Question 2Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The Constitution of Kazakhstan declares the Republic to be a unitary state with a presidential form of government. What does the term 'unitary' mean in this context?

  1. The state has a single system of supreme bodies and a single constitution for the whole territory Correct answer.
  2. Administrative-territorial units possess their own constitutions and sovereignty
  3. The state is divided into regions each with the right to secede
  4. Legislative power is shared equally between the centre and the regions

Explanation

A unitary state is characterised by a single constitution, a single system of supreme state bodies, and uniform citizenship applying across the entire territory. Administrative-territorial units exercise only powers delegated by the centre. They do not possess sovereignty or a right of secession.

Question 3Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Which body under the Constitution of Kazakhstan is empowered to give an official interpretation of the norms of the Constitution?

  1. The Senate
  2. The Supreme Court
  3. The Constitutional Council Correct answer.
  4. The General Prosecutor's Office

Explanation

Article 72 of the Constitution assigns the Constitutional Council the power to give official interpretation of constitutional norms. This interpretation is binding and ensures uniform understanding of the Basic Law. Courts, prosecutors, and chambers of Parliament may apply the Constitution but cannot issue authoritative interpretations of it.

Question 4Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Under the Constitution, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan is elected for a term of how many years?

  1. Six years
  2. Four years
  3. Five years
  4. Seven years Correct answer.

Explanation

Following the constitutional amendments adopted by referendum in 2022, the President is elected for a single term of seven years without the right to re-election. The seven-year term replaced the earlier five-year renewable term. This applies to the head of state only, not to deputies of Parliament.

Question 5Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

What is the minimum age requirement for a citizen to be elected President of the Republic of Kazakhstan?

  1. Forty years Correct answer.
  2. Thirty-five years
  3. Forty-five years
  4. Thirty years

Explanation

The Constitution requires a presidential candidate to be a citizen of Kazakhstan by birth, at least forty years old, to have resided in the country for the last fifteen years, and to hold a higher education. The age threshold was raised from thirty-five to forty by the 2022 amendments. This is stricter than the requirement for deputies.

Question 6Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Which chamber of the Parliament of Kazakhstan is permanent and consists of deputies elected for a five-year term?

  1. The Constitutional Council
  2. The Mazhilis Correct answer.
  3. The Senate
  4. The Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan

Explanation

The Parliament consists of two chambers: the Senate and the Mazhilis. The Mazhilis is the permanent chamber, working on a professional basis, with deputies elected for five years. The Senate is also a chamber of Parliament but its composition and term are governed by separate constitutional rules.

Question 7Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The Constitution of Kazakhstan proclaims that human rights and freedoms are recognised and guaranteed. According to the Constitution, which rights are considered inalienable?

  1. Only rights expressly listed in the Constitution
  2. Only rights conferred by parliamentary statute
  3. Rights and freedoms of the person, which are recognised as inalienable by the very fact of birth Correct answer.
  4. Only rights granted by international treaties

Explanation

Article 12 of the Constitution states that human rights and freedoms are recognised and guaranteed and are inherent to every person by virtue of birth. They are inalienable and determine the content of legislation. They are not a gift of the state that could be withdrawn or made conditional.

Question 8Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

What is the legal force of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan in relation to other normative legal acts?

  1. It has supreme legal force and its norms have direct effect throughout the territory Correct answer.
  2. It applies only where a statute is silent
  3. It ranks equally with constitutional laws
  4. It yields to international treaties in all cases

Explanation

Article 4 of the Constitution establishes that constitutional provisions have supreme legal force and direct effect throughout the territory of the Republic. Laws and other normative acts that contradict the Constitution have no legal force. Direct effect means the Constitution may be applied by courts and officials without waiting for implementing legislation.

Question 9Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

A citizen believes that a law adopted by Parliament infringes a constitutional right. Which body may declare that law unconstitutional?

  1. The President by decree
  2. The Constitutional Council upon an appropriate constitutional request Correct answer.
  3. The General Prosecutor by protest
  4. The Supreme Court in a cassation procedure

Explanation

Judicial constitutional review in Kazakhstan is concentrated in the Constitutional Council. It decides on the constitutionality of laws and other normative acts when a constitutional request is submitted by authorised bodies or, in the case of laws, by the courts. Neither the President nor the prosecutor has power to annul a law on constitutional grounds.

Question 10Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The President of Kazakhstan issues a decree that conflicts with a constitutional law. What is the constitutional consequence?

  1. The decree prevails because the President is the head of state
  2. The decree must be brought into conformity, and acts contrary to the Constitution have no legal force Correct answer.
  3. The decree applies until the Constitutional Council is convened
  4. The decree automatically amends the constitutional law

Explanation

Under the supremacy of the Constitution, normative legal acts, including presidential decrees, must conform to the Constitution and constitutional laws. Acts that contradict them have no legal force. The President's status as head of state does not create a power to override the Basic Law.

Question 11Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

A deputy of the Mazhilis is prosecuted in a criminal case. What constitutional guarantee applies to the deputy's status?

  1. The deputy may be prosecuted only after the President's personal authorisation
  2. The deputy enjoys absolute immunity from any criminal liability for the entire term
  3. The deputy may be detained only with the consent of the relevant chamber, except in cases of detention at the scene of a crime Correct answer.
  4. The deputy loses the mandate automatically upon any criminal charge

Explanation

The Constitution grants parliamentary immunity: a deputy may not be arrested, subjected to detention, or have personal effects searched without the consent of the relevant chamber, except in cases of detention at the scene of a crime. Immunity is procedural and does not confer absolute exemption from criminal liability. A criminal case may proceed with the chamber's consent.

Question 12Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Which of the following matters is reserved by the Constitution to a constitutional law rather than an ordinary law?

  1. The rules of the road
  2. The procedure for concluding and denouncing international treaties
  3. The state budget for the coming year
  4. The procedure for elections of the President and deputies of Parliament Correct answer.

Explanation

The Constitution lists matters that must be regulated by constitutional laws, and these include the procedure for presidential and parliamentary elections. Constitutional laws are adopted by a qualified majority and occupy a rank between the Constitution and ordinary laws. The state budget and treaty procedures are regulated by ordinary legislation.

Question 13Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The President of Kazakhstan decides to dissolve the Mazhilis. During which period is dissolution constitutionally prohibited?

  1. During a state of emergency or martial law and within one year of the previous dissolution Correct answer.
  2. Dissolution is always permitted at the President's discretion
  3. Only during the first month after the Mazhilis is elected
  4. Only when the President is abroad on an official visit

Explanation

The Constitution restricts the dissolution power: the Mazhilis may not be dissolved during a state of emergency or martial law, within one year of a previous dissolution, or during the last six months of the President's term. These limits protect the legislature from being paralysed at moments of national crisis.

Question 14Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Under the Constitution, the Government of Kazakhstan is accountable to whom?

  1. Only to the Senate
  2. To the President and, in the cases provided by the Constitution, to the Parliament Correct answer.
  3. Only to the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan
  4. Only to the Supreme Court

Explanation

The Government is formed by the President and is accountable to the President; the Constitution also provides for parliamentary accountability, including the Mazhilis's role in approving the Prime Minister and expressions of no confidence. The dual accountability reflects the presidential form of government with parliamentary elements.

Question 15Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

A person is detained by police without a court decision. Which constitutional norm governs the permissible duration of such detention?

  1. Detention is permitted for up to ten days upon a prosecutor's sanction
  2. Detention without a court decision is prohibited in all circumstances
  3. Detention is permitted indefinitely until a charge is filed
  4. Detention is permitted for up to seventy-two hours, with the possibility of judicial review Correct answer.

Explanation

The Constitution provides that a person may be detained for a period not exceeding seventy-two hours before a court decision, and the person has the right to judicial review of the lawfulness of detention. This reflects the right to liberty and the requirement of judicial control over deprivation of liberty.

Question 16Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Which body has the power to adopt a decision on the official interpretation of the Constitution at the request of the President?

  1. The Prime Minister's Office
  2. The Supreme Court
  3. The Parliament in joint session
  4. The Constitutional Council Correct answer.

Explanation

The President is among the subjects entitled to submit a constitutional request to the Constitutional Council, which then issues an official interpretation. The Council's interpretive acts are binding. Parliament and the executive may discuss constitutional matters but cannot issue binding interpretations.

Question 17Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The Constitution proclaims the principle of separation of state power. Into which branches is state power divided?

  1. Legislative, executive and judicial Correct answer.
  2. Legislative, executive, judicial and presidential
  3. Federal, regional and local
  4. Civil, military and ecclesiastical

Explanation

Article 3 of the Constitution provides that state power is divided into legislative, executive and judicial branches, which interact through a system of checks and balances. The President is the head of state and ensures coordinated functioning of the branches rather than constituting a fourth branch.

Question 18Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

A referendum is held on a draft constitutional amendment. What constitutional significance does the referendum result have?

  1. It is a direct expression of the people's will and the amendment is adopted if approved by the required majority Correct answer.
  2. It must be confirmed by the Constitutional Council before taking effect in all cases
  3. It has no effect on the text of the Constitution
  4. It is advisory and binding only if Parliament ratifies it

Explanation

The Constitution may be amended by republican referendum, which is a direct exercise of power by the people. A decision adopted by referendum is final and requires no additional ratification. The Constitutional Council may review compliance with amendment procedures, but its role does not reduce the referendum to an advisory step.

Question 19Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Which of the following is a duty, rather than a right, expressly imposed by the Constitution of Kazakhstan on citizens?

  1. The right to rest and leisure
  2. The right to freedom of speech
  3. The duty to pay lawfully established taxes and fees Correct answer.
  4. The right to private property

Explanation

The Constitution pairs rights with duties, and paying lawfully established taxes and fees is an express constitutional duty of citizens. Other listed items are rights. The distinction matters because duties are obligations enforceable by law, while rights are entitlements the state must protect.

Question 20Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

A court is hearing a civil case and doubts whether a statute it must apply conforms to the Constitution. What is the court's constitutional course of action?

  1. Apply the Constitution directly and ignore the statute without any referral
  2. Suspend proceedings and submit a request to the Constitutional Council on the constitutionality of the statute Correct answer.
  3. Apply the statute and note the doubt in the judgment
  4. Refuse to decide the case

Explanation

Under the Constitution, a court that finds a law or other normative act to be inconsistent with the Constitution must suspend proceedings and apply to the Constitutional Council. This channels constitutional review through the specialised body. The court does not itself annul the statute.

Question 21Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The Constitution of Kazakhstan declares certain values to be the foundation of the state. Which of the following is expressly proclaimed as the highest value of the state?

  1. The person, their life, rights and freedoms Correct answer.
  2. The Parliament
  3. The President
  4. State property

Explanation

Article 1 of the Constitution proclaims the person, their life, rights and freedoms as the highest value of the state. This anthropocentric principle guides the interpretation of all other constitutional norms. State institutions exist to serve this value and are not themselves its source.

Question 22Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The Constitutional Council of Kazakhstan consists of members appointed for how long, and what is the term of office?

  1. For twelve years without reappointment
  2. For five years without reappointment
  3. For life
  4. For six years, with the possibility of reappointment Correct answer.

Explanation

The Constitutional Council is composed of seven members appointed for six years, with the possibility of reappointment. The Chairperson is appointed by the President, and the composition is designed to ensure continuity and independence. The six-year term is longer than a parliamentary term to insulate the body from political cycles.

Question 23Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The President of Kazakhstan objects to a bill adopted by Parliament. Which constitutional mechanism applies?

  1. The President may return the bill with objections, and Parliament may override them by a two-thirds majority of each chamber Correct answer.
  2. The President may amend the bill unilaterally before signing
  3. The President may simply refuse to sign, and the bill lapses permanently
  4. The President must sign every bill passed by Parliament

Explanation

The Constitution grants the President a suspensive veto: the bill is returned with objections, and Parliament may override the veto by a qualified majority of two-thirds of the total number of deputies of each chamber. If the veto is not overridden, the bill does not become law. This is a check within the separation of powers.

Question 24Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

A group of citizens wishes to establish a public association whose charter aims at changing the constitutional order by force. What is the constitutional consequence?

  1. The association is permitted if registered by the Ministry of Justice
  2. The association is permitted but may not hold meetings
  3. The association may not be established, and such activity is prohibited by the Constitution Correct answer.
  4. The association is permitted if it obtains a presidential permit

Explanation

The Constitution prohibits the establishment and activity of public associations whose aims or actions are directed at a violent change of the constitutional order, violation of the integrity of the state, or undermining of state security. Registration cannot legitimate an unconstitutional aim. Restrictions on such associations are a permissible limitation of the freedom of association.

Question 25Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The Constitution provides that the President of Kazakhstan ensures the coordinated functioning and interaction of state bodies and is responsible to the people. Which statement best captures the President's constitutional position?

  1. The President is the chairperson of the Constitutional Council ex officio
  2. The President is subordinate to Parliament in all matters
  3. The President heads the executive branch only
  4. The President is the head of state, a symbol and guarantor of the unity of the people and state power, standing above the three branches Correct answer.

Explanation

The Constitution defines the President as the head of state, the symbol and guarantor of the unity of the people and of state power, who ensures the coordinated functioning and interaction of state bodies. This role is distinct from heading the executive branch alone. The President stands above the branches while acting within the Constitution.

Question 26Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Under the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, what is the status of the Constitutional Council in relation to the branches of state power?

  1. It is a structural unit of the Supreme Court exercising cassation review
  2. It is an advisory body attached to the Presidential Administration
  3. It is a body of constitutional control that does not belong to any of the branches of state power Correct answer.
  4. It is a chamber of the Parliament exercising legislative control over the executive

Explanation

The Constitution establishes the Constitutional Council as an independent body of constitutional control, separate from the legislative, executive and judicial branches. It is not part of the court system and does not sit within any branch of state power, which is what guarantees its impartiality in reviewing the constitutionality of normative legal acts.

Question 27Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The Constitution of Kazakhstan declares that the Republic is a unitary state with a presidential form of government. What does the unitary character of the state mean constitutionally?

  1. Legislative power is divided between the centre and the regions by a federal treaty
  2. Regions have the right to hold referendums on secession from the Republic
  3. The state structure is uniform, with a single citizenship and a single system of state power Correct answer.
  4. Administrative-territorial units possess their own constitutions and sovereignty

Explanation

A unitary state means a single, indivisible state structure: one Constitution, one citizenship, one system of supreme state bodies and a uniform legal space throughout the territory. Administrative-territorial units exist for governance purposes but do not hold sovereignty or their own constitutions.

Question 28Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

A citizen applies to the Constitutional Council challenging the constitutionality of a normative legal act that has already been applied to him by a final court decision. Which constitutional provision governs the admissibility of such an application?

  1. The application must first be approved by the Prosecutor General before it reaches the Council
  2. Any citizen may apply directly to the Constitutional Council without any prior court proceedings
  3. The application is admissible only after the citizen has exhausted appeals to the Supreme Court in cassation
  4. The application is admissible only if the act was applied to the citizen by a final court decision and the citizen considers his constitutional rights violated Correct answer.

Explanation

The Constitution allows a citizen to challenge the constitutionality of a normative legal act in the Constitutional Council where the act has been applied to him by a final court decision and he considers that this infringes his constitutional rights and freedoms. The condition ties individual access to the Council to a concrete, completed application of the act, not to a general abstract review.

Question 29Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

A deputy of the Mazhilis introduces a bill that would amend the Constitution. Which procedure does the Constitution of Kazakhstan prescribe for adopting such amendments?

  1. Adoption by a two-thirds majority of the total number of deputies of each chamber, or submission to a republican referendum Correct answer.
  2. Adoption by a simple majority of the Mazhilis alone, followed by signature of the President
  3. Adoption by the Government and confirmation by the Senate only
  4. Adoption by the Constitutional Council, which itself promulgates constitutional amendments

Explanation

Constitutional amendments under the Constitution of Kazakhstan are adopted by the Parliament by a majority of at least two-thirds of the total number of deputies of each of the two chambers. Alternatively the President may submit the draft amendment to a republican referendum, so the two-thirds route and the referendum route are the constitutionally recognised procedures.

Question 30Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan

A group of deputies of the Mazhilis believes that the President has exceeded his constitutional powers by issuing a decree that regulates a matter reserved by the Constitution to a constitutional law. Which constitutional mechanism can the deputies use to resolve the dispute?

  1. They may ask the Supreme Court to annul the decree in cassation proceedings
  2. They may impeach the President by a simple majority vote of the Mazhilis without further procedure
  3. They may apply to the Constitutional Council for a ruling on the constitutionality of the decree, since the Council decides disputes on the conformity of normative legal acts with the Constitution Correct answer.
  4. They may initiate a referendum to repeal the decree without any review of its constitutionality

Explanation

The Constitutional Council resolves disputes on the conformity of normative legal acts, including presidential decrees, with the Constitution. Deputies of the Mazhilis, as a body of Parliament, are among the subjects entitled to apply to the Council, and a ruling that the act is unconstitutional deprives it of legal force.

Question 31Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Согласно Административному процедурно-процессуальному кодексу Республики Казахстан, каков общий срок рассмотрения административного дела государственным органом по обращению заявителя, если иной срок не установлен законом?

  1. Пятнадцать рабочих дней со дня поступления обращения Correct answer.
  2. Семь рабочих дней со дня поступления обращения
  3. Сорок пять календарных дней со дня поступления обращения
  4. Тридцать календарных дней со дня поступления обращения

Explanation

АППК устанавливает общее правило о рассмотрении административного дела в течение пятнадцати рабочих дней со дня поступления обращения, если для отдельной категории дел законом не предусмотрен иной срок. Этот срок является общим ориентиром, от которого отсчитываются специальные сокращённые сроки.

Question 32Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Кто вправе обратиться в суд с административным иском об оспаривании административного акта в порядке административного судопроизводства?

  1. Только лицо, в отношении которого акт вынесен
  2. Только прокурор по собственной инициативе
  3. Лицо, чьи права, свободы или законные интересы нарушены административным актом Correct answer.
  4. Любое лицо независимо от наличия нарушенного интереса

Explanation

Право на административный иск принадлежит лицу, чьи права, свободы или законные интересы нарушены административным актом, действием или бездействием. Требуется наличие охраняемого законом интереса, а не формальная связь с актом.

Question 33Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Какое из перечисленных требований относится к содержанию административного иска, подаваемого в суд?

  1. Указание наименования суда, сведений об ответчике и изложения обстоятельств, на которых основаны требования Correct answer.
  2. Приложение справки о доходах истца
  3. Обязательное указание размера государственной пошлины в тексте иска
  4. Приложение нотариально заверенной копии паспорта ответчика

Explanation

Административный иск должен содержать сведения о суде, сторонах, предмете и основании требований, а также обстоятельства нарушения прав. Документы, подтверждающие позицию, прилагаются, но не заменяют этих обязательных реквизитов.

Question 34Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Что понимается под административным актом в административном праве Республики Казахстан?

  1. Договор между двумя государственными органами
  2. Нормативный правовой акт, регулирующий неопределённый круг лиц
  3. Правовой акт индивидуального применения, принятый административным органом в отношении конкретного лица Correct answer.
  4. Решение, принятое исключительно судом по гражданскому делу

Explanation

Административный акт - это индивидуальный правовой акт, принимаемый административным органом и порождающий правовые последствия для конкретного лица. Нормативные акты и судебные решения имеют иную правовую природу.

Question 35Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

В каком порядке обжалуется действие или бездействие должностного лица, не оформленное отдельным актом?

  1. Только в порядке гражданского искового производства
  2. Только через обращение к Уполномоченному по правам человека
  3. Только путём подачи жалобы вышестоящему руководителю, без права на судебную защиту
  4. Путём подачи административного иска в суд в порядке административного судопроизводства Correct answer.

Explanation

Действия и бездействие должностных лиц могут быть оспорены в суде в порядке административного судопроизводства наравне с административными актами. Внутренняя жалоба не исключает права на судебную защиту.

Question 36Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Каков срок на обращение в суд с административным иском об оспаривании административного акта, если иное не установлено законом?

  1. Три месяца со дня, когда лицу стало известно о нарушении его прав Correct answer.
  2. Шесть месяцев со дня принятия акта
  3. Десять дней со дня вручения акта
  4. Один год со дня принятия акта

Explanation

Для оспаривания административного акта установлен срок в три месяца со дня, когда лицо узнало или должно было узнать о нарушении своих прав. Пропуск срока при уважительных причинах может быть восстановлен судом.

Question 37Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Административный орган отказал гражданину в выдаче разрешения, не указав мотивов отказа. Какое требование следует заявить в административном иске?

  1. О привлечении должностного лица к уголовной ответственности
  2. О взыскании морального вреда без оспаривания отказа
  3. О признании недействительным нормативного акта органа
  4. О признании отказа незаконным и об обязании органа рассмотреть заявление повторно с соблюдением мотивированности Correct answer.

Explanation

Немотивированный отказ нарушает требование обоснованности административного акта, поэтому надлежащим способом защиты является признание отказа незаконным и понуждение органа к повторному рассмотрению. Взыскание вреда возможно лишь при наличии оснований и не заменяет оспаривания акта.

Question 38Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Государственный орган при рассмотрении дела допустил нарушение права лица быть заслушанным до принятия неблагоприятного решения. Какое последствие это влечёт?

  1. Акт остаётся в силе, но заявителю выплачивается компенсация
  2. Нарушение не имеет значения, если акт по существу правильный
  3. Акт признаётся незаконным, поскольку нарушено право на заслушивание Correct answer.
  4. Нарушение устраняется уплатой штрафа должностным лицом

Explanation

Право быть заслушанным является существенной гарантией административной процедуры. Его нарушение служит самостоятельным основанием для признания административного акта незаконным независимо от правильности решения по существу.

Question 39Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Какое из условий обязательно для применения меры административного взыскания?

  1. Предварительное одобрение прокурора по всем делам
  2. Установление состава административного правонарушения и соблюдение процедуры привлечения Correct answer.
  3. Согласие лица с совершением правонарушения
  4. Наличие заявления потерпевшего по любому виду правонарушения

Explanation

Административное взыскание налагается только при доказанности состава правонарушения и с соблюдением установленной процедуры. Заявление потерпевшего и согласие лица не являются универсальными условиями.

Question 40Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Каким образом суд проверяет административный акт при рассмотрении административного иска?

  1. Проверяет только целесообразность решения органа
  2. Проверяет только формальное соответствие акта требованиям к оформлению
  3. Проверяет законность акта, включая соответствие целям закона и соблюдение процедуры Correct answer.
  4. Проверяет акт исключительно по жалобе вышестоящего органа

Explanation

Суд осуществляет проверку законности административного акта, включая компетенцию органа, процедуру принятия, обоснованность и соответствие целям закона. Вмешательство в целесообразность ограничено пределами, установленными законом.

Question 41Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Что влечёт несоблюдение досудебного порядка обжалования, если он установлен законом для данной категории спора?

  1. Иск передаётся прокурору для возбуждения дела
  2. Иск оставляется без рассмотрения до устранения нарушения Correct answer.
  3. Иск рассматривается по существу без последствий
  4. Иск автоматически удовлетворяется

Explanation

Если закон устанавливает обязательный досудебный порядок, его несоблюдение препятствует рассмотрению иска по существу, и иск оставляется без рассмотрения. После устранения нарушения заявитель вправе обратиться повторно.

Question 42Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Административный орган принял акт, выходящий за пределы его компетенции. Как квалифицируется такое решение?

  1. Как условное до подтверждения вышестоящим органом
  2. Как незаконное в связи с превышением компетенции Correct answer.
  3. Как действительное, поскольку подписано руководителем органа
  4. Как ничтожное только при наличии судебного решения

Explanation

Принятие акта за пределами предоставленной компетенции является основанием незаконности. Подписание руководителем не устраняет порока компетенции, а оценка действительности не зависит от предварительного подтверждения.

Question 43Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Какое требование предъявляется к мотивировке административного акта?

  1. Мотивировка заменяется отметкой о согласовании с юристом
  2. Мотивировка требуется только по усмотрению органа
  3. Достаточно сослаться на норму закона без описания фактических обстоятельств
  4. Необходимо изложить фактические обстоятельства, правовое обоснование и выводы органа Correct answer.

Explanation

Мотивированный акт должен содержать установленные факты, применимые правовые нормы и логический вывод, связывающий их. Формальная ссылка на норму без фактического обоснования недостаточна.

Question 44Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Лицо пропустило срок оспаривания административного акта по причине болезни, подтверждённой документально. Как должен поступить суд?

  1. Автоматически продлить срок на один год
  2. Рассмотреть вопрос о восстановлении срока при признании причины уважительной Correct answer.
  3. Отказать в иске без рассмотрения причин пропуска
  4. Передать дело в вышестоящий орган без проверки причин

Explanation

Пропущенный срок может быть восстановлен судом при наличии уважительных причин, подтверждённых доказательствами. Документально подтверждённая болезнь относится к таким причинам и подлежит оценке судом.

Question 45Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Что является предметом доказывания по административному делу об оспаривании акта?

  1. Мнение вышестоящего органа о целесообразности акта
  2. Только размер причинённого имущественного ущерба
  3. Личные качества должностного лица, принявшего акт
  4. Законность акта, наличие нарушения прав заявителя и соблюдение процедуры Correct answer.

Explanation

Предмет доказывания охватывает законность акта, факт нарушения прав заявителя и соблюдение процедуры принятия. Бремя доказывания законности акта возлагается на административный орган.

Question 46Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

На кого возлагается бремя доказывания законности административного акта в административном судопроизводстве?

  1. На административный орган, принявший акт Correct answer.
  2. На прокурора, участвующего в деле
  3. На заявителя, оспаривающего акт
  4. На суд, рассматривающий дело

Explanation

В административном судопроизводстве действует принцип, согласно которому бремя доказывания законности акта несёт принявший его орган. Заявитель не обязан доказывать незаконность акта.

Question 47Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Административный орган вынес решение на основании фактов, которые не были исследованы и не доведены до сведения заявителя. Какой порок характерен для такого акта?

  1. Недостаток государственной пошлины
  2. Нарушение правил делопроизводства по учёту документов
  3. Ошибка в оформлении реквизитов бланка
  4. Нарушение права на ознакомление с материалами и права быть заслушанным Correct answer.

Explanation

Использование неисследованных и нераскрытых заявителю фактов лишает его возможности представить возражения. Это нарушает право быть заслушанным и право знакомиться с материалами дела.

Question 48Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Какое решение вправе принять суд по результатам рассмотрения административного иска об оспаривании административного акта?

  1. Самостоятельно принять новый нормативный правовой акт вместо органа
  2. Передать дело на рассмотрение в порядке гражданского судопроизводства
  3. Ограничиться устным замечанием должностному лицу
  4. Признать акт незаконным полностью или в части и обязать орган устранить нарушение Correct answer.

Explanation

Суд вправе признать административный акт незаконным полностью или в части и указать на обязанность органа устранить допущенное нарушение. Суд не подменяет орган и не принимает вместо него нормативные акты.

Question 49Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Гражданин оспаривает акт органа, ссылаясь на нарушение процедуры, однако сам акт по содержанию соответствует закону. Может ли суд признать акт незаконным?

  1. Да, поскольку существенное процедурное нарушение влечёт незаконность акта Correct answer.
  2. Нет, поскольку содержание акта правильное
  3. Нет, процедурные нарушения проверяются только вышестоящим органом
  4. Да, но только при наличии имущественного ущерба

Explanation

Существенное нарушение процедуры является самостоятельным основанием незаконности акта, даже если его содержание соответствует закону. Процедурные гарантии защищают права лица и не являются формальностью.

Question 50Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure

Что означает принцип соразмерности при принятии административного акта, ограничивающего права лица?

  1. Орган вправе выбирать любую меру, если она предусмотрена законом
  2. Мера должна быть максимально строгой для устрашения
  3. Ограничение прав допускается без связи с целью акта
  4. Выбранная мера должна быть необходимой и минимально обременительной для достижения законной цели Correct answer.

Explanation

Принцип соразмерности требует, чтобы ограничение прав было пригодным, необходимым и минимально обременительным для достижения законной цели. Формальная предусмотренность меры законом сама по себе недостаточна.