Kazakhstan Maritime Deck Officer flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Mercator sailing departure formula

Dep = Dlong × cos(mean latitude), expressed in nautical miles when Dlong is in minutes of arc. It applies only to the rhumb line on a Mercator chart, not to great-circle tracks.

Running fix principle

An earlier line of position is advanced along the course and distance made good to the time of a later LOP; the intersection gives the fix. Accuracy falls as the angle of cut departs from 90 degrees.

Set and drift

Set is the direction toward which a current flows, measured in degrees true; drift is its speed in knots. Both are found by comparing the course and speed made good with the course and speed through the water.

Rule of twelfths

Approximates tidal height between high and low water by dividing the range into twelve parts, rising 1,2,3,3,2,1 twelfths each hour. It assumes a standard tidal curve and is approximate.

Buys Ballot's law

In the Northern Hemisphere, standing with your back to the wind places lower pressure on your left; in the Southern Hemisphere lower pressure is on your right. It locates the storm centre direction.

Dangerous semicircle

In a Northern Hemisphere tropical cyclone, the dangerous semicircle lies to the right of the track, where winds blow toward the path. In the Southern Hemisphere it lies to the left.

Stowage factor

The volume in cubic metres occupied by one tonne of cargo, including broken stowage. Dividing a hold's bale capacity by the stowage factor gives the cargo mass the hold can carry.

Broken stowage

The void space between packages and between cargo and the ship's structure. It is expressed as a percentage of the total volume and is larger for irregular or bagged cargo.

IMDG segregation code 3

Code 3 means separated by one compartment or hold, or by a intervening deck. It is applied according to the segregation table for the two dangerous goods classes concerned.

Group A bulk cargo

A solid bulk cargo that may liquefy if shipped with moisture content above its transportable moisture limit. Cargoes such as iron ore fines and nickel ore fall into this group.

Metacentric height GM

GM equals KM minus KG. A positive value gives stable equilibrium with a righting moment when heeled; a negative value gives unstable equilibrium and an angle of loll.

Free surface correction

The reduction in effective GM caused by liquid free to move in a partly filled tank. It equals the second moment of the free surface area times liquid density divided by displacement.

Angle of loll

A list to port or starboard occurring when GM is negative and the ship rests at the angle where the GZ curve crosses zero. It is corrected by lowering KG, not by shifting ballast high.

Oily water separator limit

Under MARPOL Annex I, discharge must not exceed 15 parts per million oil content. A 15 ppm alarm must automatically stop the discharge when the limit is exceeded.

Garbage discharge of food waste

Outside special areas, food waste may be discharged at least 12 nautical miles from land, or 3 nautical miles if comminuted and passed through a screen no larger than 25 mm.

MARPOL Annex VI sulphur limits

The global limit is 0.50% m/m sulphur, reduced to 0.10% in emission control areas such as the Baltic, North Sea and North American waters. Changeover must be recorded.

Ballast water D-1 standard

Requires exchange at least 200 nautical miles from land in water at least 200 metres deep, or 50 nautical miles and 200 metres where the first is not practicable.

GMDSS sea area A3

An area within coverage of an Inmarsat geostationary satellite, approximately between 70 degrees north and 70 degrees south. Ships there carry Inmarsat and typically MF/HF or VHF DSC.

DSC distress alert contents

The alert carries the ship's MMSI, position and time, nature of distress and, where fitted, the type of subsequent communication. It is sent on VHF channel 70 or the MF/HF distress frequencies.

SART radar response

A search and rescue transponder replies on 9 GHz, producing twelve dots on a radar display. Detection range is about 5 nautical miles from a ship's radar at typical antenna height.

MAYDAY versus PAN PAN

MAYDAY signals grave and imminent danger requiring immediate assistance. PAN PAN signals urgency concerning safety but without immediate danger. SECURITE precedes safety messages about navigation or weather.

Rule 13 overtaking

A vessel approaching another from more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam is overtaking and must keep clear until finally past and clear, regardless of any later change of bearing.

Rule 14 head-on meeting

When two power-driven vessels meet nearly end-on with risk of collision, each alters course to starboard so they pass port to port. A steady bearing with decreasing range indicates risk.

Rule 19 restricted visibility

In or near restricted visibility, vessels proceed at a safe speed, have engines ready for immediate manoeuvre, and take avoiding action in ample time. There is no stand-on vessel.

Rule 34 manoeuvring signals

One short blast means altering course to starboard, two to port, three operating astern propulsion. Five short and rapid blasts signal doubt about the other vessel's intentions or danger.

SOLAS Chapter V scope

Chapter V covers safety of navigation, including passage planning, lookout, safe speed, carriage of nautical charts and publications, and the voyage data recorder requirement.

Innocent passage

Under UNCLOS, ships of all States enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea, which extends to 12 nautical miles from the baseline, provided passage is not prejudicial to peace.

STCW rest hour limits

Seafarers must have at least 10 hours of rest in any 24-hour period and 77 hours in any seven-day period. Rest may be split into at most two periods, one of at least six hours.

ISM Code purpose

The International Safety Management Code requires a Safety Management System covering safety and environmental policy, responsibilities, operational procedures and emergency preparedness, verified by audit.

Fire class B extinguishing

Class B fires involve flammable liquids. Foam, carbon dioxide and dry powder are suitable; water is generally unsuitable because it can spread the burning liquid.

Fixed CO2 release precautions

Before releasing fixed carbon dioxide into a machinery space, all personnel must be accounted for, machinery stopped and the space sealed. Entry is prohibited until ventilated and atmosphere tested.

Enclosed space entry testing

Entry requires a permit and atmosphere testing for oxygen, hydrocarbons and toxic gases. Oxygen must be about 20.9% by volume, with a standby person and rescue equipment at the entrance.