LanguageCert General SELT key terms

An answer option or spoken detail that seems relevant but is wrong. It is included to test whether you understand the actual message rather than just matching words.

The main idea or overall meaning of a listening or reading text. Understanding gist means you can say what the text is about without remembering every detail.

A single fact in a text, such as a time, price, name, number or place. Questions often ask you to find or hear this exact information.

A word or phrase that shows how a speaker organises ideas, for example 'first', 'however', 'so' or 'finally'. It helps you follow the structure of what you hear.

A listening task where you write missing words in a set of notes while you listen. The notes summarise part of the recording, and you must keep to the word limit.

To express the same meaning using different words. Correct answers often paraphrase the recording or text, so you should look for meaning, not identical wording.

Reading a text quickly to understand its main idea and general structure. You do not read every word; you look at headings, first sentences and overall content.

Moving your eyes quickly through a text to find one piece of information, such as a date, name or number, without reading everything in order.

A question with several answer options, usually A, B or C, where one option is correct. You must choose the option that best matches the text or recording.

A task where you connect items from two lists, such as paragraphs and headings, or speakers and statements. You usually use each option once unless instructions say otherwise.

A task where you complete a text by writing a missing word or phrase in each gap. The answer must fit the grammar and meaning of the sentence.

Understanding an idea that the text suggests but does not state directly. You use clues and general knowledge to work out the writer's or speaker's meaning.

A word or phrase that has a similar meaning to another word. Recognising synonyms helps you match questions to texts when the exact words are different.

The maximum number of words you may write in an answer. If you write more, your answer may be marked wrong even if the content is correct.

The question, instruction or situation that tells you what to write. Read it carefully because it states the audience, purpose and content you must include.

A short line in a writing instruction, often marked with a dot, that lists something you must include. Missing a bullet point can lower your task score.

Polite, neutral language suitable for official emails, letters or messages to people you do not know well. It avoids slang and contractions such as 'don't'.

Relaxed, friendly language suitable for friends, family or people you know well. It can include contractions, short sentences and everyday expressions.

A word or phrase that connects ideas and shows their relationship, for example 'because', 'however', 'although' or 'in addition'. It helps writing flow clearly.

The sentence, usually at the start of a paragraph, that states the paragraph's main point. The other sentences should support or explain it.

A group of sentences about one main point. In writing tasks, clear paragraphs make your answer easier to follow and show organisation.

A short written message sent electronically. In the exam, you may need to write one with a greeting, a clear body and a suitable closing.

A short piece of writing for general readers, often with a title and paragraphs. It may give information, describe something or express an opinion.

The number of words in your written answer. You must usually stay within the minimum and maximum stated in the task instructions.

A speaking task where you act out a situation with the examiner, such as asking for information or making a complaint. You use suitable functional language.

A card giving a topic and points for you to talk about, usually with a short preparation time. It helps structure your speaking turn.

An extra question the examiner asks after your main answer. It checks whether you can explain, give reasons or extend your ideas.

The way speakers decide when to speak and when to listen. In the speaking test, you should answer fully but let the examiner ask the next question.

The ability to speak smoothly and keep going without many long pauses. It includes linking ideas naturally, not speaking very fast.

The way you produce sounds, stress and intonation so that listeners can understand you. Clear pronunciation matters more than having a perfect accent.

Using correct grammar, vocabulary and spelling. In speaking and writing, accuracy means your meaning is clear and your language follows the rules.

The variety of grammar and vocabulary you use. A wider range helps you express ideas precisely, but you should not use complex language you cannot control.