Lebanese Baccalaureate - Life Sciences (LS) study plan

Label a plasma-membrane diagram from memory and state the function of each component (phospholipids, cholesterol, integral/peripheral proteins, glycocalyx) without notes

Compare passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and active transport by predicting the direction and energy cost of solute movement in three written scenarios

Explain resting membrane potential and the phases of an action potential, then sketch the ion-channel state at each phase

Design a controlled experiment to test one variable affecting diffusion rate and identify independent, dependent, and controlled variables

Describe the stages of mitosis and meiosis and state the chromosome number and DNA content at each stage in a table

Trace the flow of information from DNA to protein and identify where each inhibitor or mutation would act

Solve three monohybrid and two dihybrid crosses, showing gamete formation and expected ratios

Distinguish DNA replication from transcription and translation by listing the template, enzyme, and product of each

Interpret a pedigree to determine the mode of inheritance and justify the conclusion with genotype evidence

Analyze gel-electrophoresis and PCR-style data to identify individuals or alleles and explain the reasoning step by step

Calculate expected phenotypic ratios and chi-square-style deviations for given crosses

Identify sources of error and confounding variables in two described experiments and propose a control

Map the major organ systems involved in blood-glucose regulation and trace the hormonal feedback loop from stimulus to response

Explain negative feedback using at least two concrete physiological examples and predict the effect of removing one component

Describe the roles of the kidney and liver in maintaining internal balance and predict consequences of their failure

Compare the mechanisms of action of a steroid hormone and a peptide hormone at the target cell

Describe the male and female reproductive cycles and align hormonal peaks with physiological events on a timeline

Explain how the menstrual cycle, gametogenesis, and fertilization are hormonally coordinated

Predict the physiological consequences of a given hormonal imbalance or contraceptive mechanism

Summarize the endocrine glands, their hormones, and their primary targets in a comparison table

Trace a nerve impulse from receptor to effector and identify the neurotransmitter and synapse type at each step

Describe the structure and function of the eye and ear and predict the sensory deficit caused by damage to a named component

Distinguish innate from acquired immunity and humoral from cell-mediated responses, naming the key cells in each

Explain how a vaccine produces immunity and predict the immune response on first versus second exposure to an antigen

Construct and interpret food webs and energy pyramids and calculate energy transfer efficiency between trophic levels

Analyze a population-growth or carrying-capacity scenario and predict the effect of a named environmental change

Explain the mechanisms of natural selection and speciation using a specific example and identify evidence for common ancestry

Distinguish the levels of biodiversity and propose one conservation measure justified by ecological reasoning

Complete a timed full-length mock exam under exam conditions and record time per section

Classify every missed question by domain and error type (knowledge gap, misread, calculation, careless)

Re-teach the two weakest domains using targeted notes and redo the missed questions correctly

Build a one-page formula and key-fact sheet covering all nine domains for final review