Lebanon Dental Colloquium flashcards

34 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis

A common condition of recurrent painful oral ulcers. Minor ulcers are under 10 mm and heal within 14 days without scarring; major ulcers exceed 10 mm and may scar.

Oral lichen planus

A chronic immune-mediated mucocutaneous condition with bilateral white striae on the buccal mucosa. The erosive form carries a small risk of malignant transformation and requires biopsy.

Sjögren syndrome

An autoimmune exocrinopathy causing dry eyes and dry mouth. Diagnosis uses symptoms plus anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, labial gland biopsy, or reduced salivary flow.

Pemphigus vulgaris

An autoimmune blistering disease with flaccid intraoral bullae and a positive Nikolsky sign. Direct immunofluorescence shows intercellular IgG deposition in the epithelium.

Erythroplakia

A red patch that cannot be attributed to another cause and cannot be rubbed off. It has a high rate of dysplasia or carcinoma and requires biopsy.

Odontogenic keratocyst

A developmental cyst with a parakeratinized lining and palisaded basal cells. It recurs frequently; multiple lesions suggest nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.

Pleomorphic adenoma

The most common salivary gland tumor, usually in the parotid. It is benign but recurs after enucleation, so superficial parotidectomy is preferred.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

The most common malignant salivary gland tumor. It contains mucous, intermediate, and epidermoid cells and is graded by cell proportions and architecture.

Fibrous dysplasia

A bone disorder with ground-glass trabecular pattern that blends with surrounding bone. The polyostotic form with skin pigmentation and endocrine disease is McCune-Albright syndrome.

Apical constriction

The narrowest part of the root canal near the apex, usually 0.5-1.0 mm short of the radiographic apex. Working length is set at or just short of this point.

Sodium hypochlorite accident

Extrusion of irrigant beyond the apex causes severe pain, swelling, and tissue necrosis. Stop irrigation immediately and manage symptoms; do not attempt further irrigation.

Smear layer removal

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) dissolves the inorganic smear layer after sodium hypochlorite irrigation, improving sealer adaptation and disinfection of dentinal tubules.

Crown-to-root ratio

The ratio of clinical crown height to root length. A ratio of at least 1:1 is generally required for an abutment tooth to support a fixed partial denture.

Neutral zone

The space between the tongue and cheek where forces balance. Artificial teeth and denture contours placed there improve stability of complete dentures.

Denture stomatitis

Chronic erythema of the denture-bearing mucosa, usually caused by Candida. Treatment combines antifungal therapy, denture hygiene, and removal of the denture at night.

Peri-implant mucositis

Reversible inflammation of the soft tissue around an implant without progressive bone loss. It is treated by improving plaque control and professional debridement.

Periodontal staging

The 2017 classification stages periodontitis by clinical attachment loss and tooth loss. Stage III has at least 5 mm attachment loss and bone loss to the middle third.

Drug-induced gingival enlargement

Gingival overgrowth associated with phenytoin, nifedipine, and cyclosporine. Management includes plaque control, drug substitution when possible, and surgical reduction.

Ludwig angina

A rapidly spreading cellulitis of the submandibular and sublingual spaces that threatens the airway. It requires urgent airway assessment, incision and drainage, and antibiotics.

Dry socket

Alveolar osteitis with severe pain 2-4 days after extraction and exposed bone in the socket. Treatment is irrigation and medicated dressing; antibiotics alone are insufficient.

Le Fort I fracture

A low transverse fracture of the maxilla that separates the palate from the upper midface. The palate is mobile while the nasal bones remain stable.

ANB angle

A cephalometric angle formed by points A, N, and B. A value of 2-4 degrees indicates skeletal Class I; higher values suggest Class II and lower values Class III.

Twin Block appliance

A removable functional appliance with upper and lower bite blocks that guide the mandible forward in growing Class II patients. It is worn full time except during eating.

Cleft lip and palate timing

Lip repair is usually performed at about 3-6 months and palate repair at about 9-18 months. Timing balances speech development against maxillary growth.

Early childhood caries

Caries in children under 6 years, often affecting maxillary incisors. Prevention includes no bedtime bottle, fluoride varnish, and a dental home by age 1.

Fluoride varnish

A 5% sodium fluoride preparation containing about 22,600 ppm fluoride. It is applied 2-4 times yearly for high caries risk and is safe from the first tooth.

Space maintainer

An appliance that preserves arch space after premature loss of a primary tooth. It is used when the permanent successor will not erupt soon.

DMFT index

A measure of caries experience counting decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth. The lowercase dmft is used for the primary dentition.

Sensitivity and specificity

Sensitivity is the proportion of true positives correctly identified; specificity is the proportion of true negatives correctly identified. Predictive values also depend on disease prevalence.

Amoxicillin dosing

A first-line antibiotic for odontogenic infection at 500 mg three times daily. It is not indicated for simple pulpitis, which requires endodontic treatment.

Maximum lidocaine dose

Lidocaine with epinephrine is limited to 4.4 mg/kg, or 300 mg absolute. Doses are calculated by patient weight to avoid local anesthetic toxicity.

Anaphylaxis management

Give epinephrine 0.3-0.5 mg intramuscularly in the anterolateral thigh, repeat every 5-15 minutes, call emergency services, and provide oxygen and fluids.

Informed consent

A patient's voluntary agreement after receiving the diagnosis, treatment options, risks, benefits, and alternatives. The discussion and decision should be documented.

Lebanese Order of Dentists

The professional body that regulates dental licensure and conduct in Lebanon. The Ministry of Public Health oversees health facilities and public health programs.