Lebanon Medical Colloquium flashcards
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- CURB-65
- Severity score for community-acquired pneumonia using confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age ≥65; guides site of care.
- Alvarado score
- Clinical score for appendicitis using migratory pain, anorexia, nausea, tenderness, rebound, fever, leukocytosis, and left shift.
- Kawasaki disease
- Vasculitis of childhood with fever ≥5 days and mucocutaneous features; IVIG and aspirin prevent coronary aneurysms.
- Preeclampsia
- Hypertension after 20 weeks with proteinuria or end-organ dysfunction; delivery is definitive and magnesium sulfate prevents seizures.
- PHQ-9
- Nine-item depression screening tool; scores ≥10 indicate moderate depression warranting treatment.
- Serotonin syndrome
- Triad of mental status change, autonomic instability, and neuromuscular hyperactivity from serotonergic drugs; stop agents and give cyproheptadine if severe.
- Sepsis bundle
- Within 1 hour: cultures, lactate, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and 30 mL/kg crystalloid for hypotension or lactate ≥4.
- Malignant hyperthermia
- Hypermetabolic crisis triggered by volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine; treat with dantrolene and cooling.
- CT pulmonary angiography
- Imaging test of choice for pulmonary embolism in stable patients; D-dimer excludes only in low pretest probability.
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Microcytic anemia with low ferritin, low serum iron, high TIBC, and low transferrin saturation.
- CYP3A4 inhibitors
- Macrolides, azoles, and grapefruit raise levels of CYP3A4 substrates; inducers like rifampin lower them.
- Informed consent
- Requires capacity, disclosure of risks and alternatives, comprehension, and voluntariness; documented discussion supports the process.
- CHA2DS2-VASc
- Stroke risk score in atrial fibrillation; guides anticoagulation, with DOACs preferred in nonvalvular disease.
- Surgical site infection prevention
- Preoperative antibiotics within 60 minutes of incision, chlorhexidine skin prep, and normothermia.
- Croup
- Barking cough and inspiratory stridor; treat with dexamethasone and nebulized epinephrine for severe cases.
- Placenta previa
- Painless antepartum bleeding from placenta over the cervical os; avoid digital examination and plan cesarean delivery.
- Colorectal cancer screening
- Start at 45–50 years; colonoscopy every 10 years or annual stool-based testing.
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Re-experiencing, avoidance, negative cognition, and hyperarousal after trauma; trauma-focused psychotherapy is first-line.
- Status epilepticus
- Continuous seizure ≥5 minutes; benzodiazepine first-line, then phenytoin, valproate, or levetiracetam.
- Mallampati classification
- Airway grading I–IV predicting difficult visualization; grade III–IV with short thyromental distance raises risk.
- ALARA
- Radiation safety principle to keep dose as low as reasonably achievable; shield and use lowest dose.
- Tumor markers
- CA-125 for ovarian, CEA for colorectal, AFP for hepatocellular, PSA for prostate; none are diagnostic alone.
- Warfarin reversal
- Vitamin K for elevated INR; major bleeding requires prothrombin complex concentrate or fresh frozen plasma.
- Capacity assessment
- Patient can understand, appreciate, reason, and express a choice; capacity is decision-specific and presumed unless impaired.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
- Hold insulin until K ≥3.3 mmol/L; replace potassium with fluids and monitor anion gap until closure.
- FAST exam
- Focused assessment with sonography for trauma; identifies pericardial or intraperitoneal fluid in unstable patients.
- Bronchiolitis
- Supportive care with oxygen, hydration, and suctioning; routine bronchodilators, steroids, and antibiotics are not recommended.
- Gestational diabetes screening
- 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks; fasting ≥5.1, 1-hour ≥10.0, or 2-hour ≥8.5 mmol/L confirms.
- Statin thresholds
- Pooled cohort equation; moderate-intensity statin for 10-year risk ≥7.5%, high-intensity for ≥20%.
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Rigidity, hyperthermia, altered mental status, and elevated creatine kinase after dopamine antagonists; treat with dantrolene or bromocriptine.
- Anaphylaxis
- Intramuscular epinephrine 0.3–0.5 mg of 1:1,000 into the thigh; repeat every 5–15 minutes as needed.
- Succinylcholine caution
- Depolarizing blocker causing hyperkalemia in burns, crush injury, and denervation; avoid after 24–48 hours in these states.