Accident Procedures, First Aid and Emergency Response
What the exam tests
This domain tests the first minutes after a crash: protecting the scene, calling for help, prioritising life-threatening injuries and avoiding further harm. Answers should be calm and sequenced.
Core rules
- Stop, switch off engines if safe, switch on hazard lights and place a warning triangle where it can be seen without exposing yourself to traffic.
- Call emergency services. In Lebanon, 112 is the general emergency number; Civil Defence and Red Cross also respond. Give location, number of casualties and hazards.
- Do not move an injured person unless there is immediate danger such as fire or traffic. Suspect spinal injury after any significant impact.
- Follow DRABC: danger, response, airway, breathing, circulation. Control severe bleeding with direct pressure. If the person is not breathing normally, start CPR and use an AED if available.
- Exchange names, insurance and registration details, and report the crash to police as required.
Worked example
A motorcyclist is unconscious but breathing after a collision. The road is clear of fire and moving traffic. You should not remove the helmet or move him unnecessarily; call emergency services, monitor breathing and be ready to act if the airway is threatened. Reasoning: movement can worsen spinal injury, while breathing is the immediate priority.
Traps
Giving food or drink to an injured person; removing a helmet routinely; moving casualties to clear traffic when it is unsafe; forgetting to warn approaching traffic; leaving the scene before details are exchanged.