GCE O/L Science study plan

State and apply Ohm's law, series and parallel resistance rules, and electrical power equations to solve at least 20 numerical problems without notes

Draw and interpret circuit diagrams for series and parallel networks, then calculate equivalent resistance, current and potential difference at each component

Explain the difference between conduction, convection and radiation and apply each to at least three everyday examples

Describe how a transformer changes voltage and current, and calculate turns ratio, output voltage and efficiency from given values

Define specific heat capacity and latent heat, then calculate energy changes using E = mcΔT and E = mL

Apply Fleming's left-hand rule and the right-hand grip rule to predict force, current and field directions in at least 10 described situations

Describe how a simple d.c. motor and an a.c. generator work, naming the parts and the energy transfers involved

Calculate speed, acceleration, force, weight, work done and power from given data using v = s/t, a = Δv/t, F = ma, W = Fs and P = W/t

Draw and interpret distance-time and velocity-time graphs, extracting gradient and area with correct units

State and apply the principle of moments and the conditions for equilibrium to balanced-beam problems

Distinguish mass from weight and calculate weight on Earth and on another planet using g values

Apply conservation of energy to falling objects, pendulums and braking vehicles, calculating kinetic and potential energy changes

Describe reflection, refraction and total internal reflection, and calculate refractive index and critical angle from given values

Draw accurate ray diagrams for plane mirrors, converging lenses and prisms, labelling focal point, principal axis and image type

Relate wave speed, frequency and wavelength using v = fλ, and describe how sound travels through different media

Describe the structure of the atom and write electron configurations for the first 20 elements, linking group and period position to electron arrangement

Predict ionic charge from group number and construct dot-and-cross diagrams for at least 8 ionic and covalent compounds

Explain the differences in melting point, conductivity and solubility between ionic, simple molecular, giant covalent and metallic structures

Balance at least 20 chemical equations, including combustion and neutralisation reactions

Calculate relative formula mass, moles, reacting masses and percentage yield from given equations

Classify reactions as combination, decomposition, displacement, neutralisation or combustion and write a balanced equation for each type

Define acids, bases and salts in terms of ions, and describe the reactions of acids with metals, carbonates and metal oxides

Describe how to prepare a soluble salt by titration and an insoluble salt by precipitation, naming apparatus and key steps

Carry out and record qualitative tests for common cations, anions and gases, and interpret a table of unknown results

Calculate concentration in mol/dm³ and g/dm³, and perform simple titration calculations from given volumes

Place metals in a reactivity series using experimental evidence and predict whether a displacement reaction will occur

Describe the extraction of iron and aluminium, linking each method to the reactivity of the metal

Explain the conditions, products and uses of cracking and fractional distillation of crude oil

Name and draw the first four alkanes and alkenes, and describe the test that distinguishes them

Describe the properties and uses of common non-metals, including oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and chlorine

Label a plant and animal cell diagram from memory and state the function of each organelle, including the role of the cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole

Explain diffusion, osmosis and active transport and predict water movement across membranes in given concentration scenarios

Describe the tests for starch, reducing sugar, protein and lipid, and interpret results from a described experiment

Write the word and balanced equations for aerobic and anaerobic respiration in humans and yeast, and compare energy release

Describe the structure of the leaf, gas exchange surfaces and the effect of limiting factors on photosynthesis rate

Describe the structure and function of the heart, blood vessels and blood, and trace the route of blood through the double circulation

Explain how the kidney, skin and lungs remove waste and how the body regulates temperature, water balance and blood glucose

Use genetic crosses and Punnett squares to predict offspring ratios for monohybrid inheritance, and explain sex determination

Distinguish continuous from discontinuous variation and describe how natural selection leads to adaptation

Construct food chains, pyramids of number and biomass, and explain the effects of human activities on an ecosystem