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Sri Lanka NVQ Level 3 Welder Written Examination study materials
Sri Lanka NVQ Level 3 Welder Written Examination study resources

Sri Lanka NVQ Level 3 Welder Written Examination practice questions

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Question 1Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

In gas welding, which cylinder colour identification is used for oxygen in most Sri Lankan workshops following international convention?

  1. Maroon or red
  2. Green
  3. Black with a white shoulder Correct answer.
  4. Grey

Explanation

Oxygen cylinders are conventionally black with a white shoulder in many international systems, and this marking is widely followed in Sri Lankan workshops. Colour coding helps welders avoid connecting the wrong regulator or hose to a cylinder. Acetylene is separately identified, usually by maroon or red, so the two gases are never confused.

Question 2Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

A welder must store oxygen and acetylene cylinders in the workshop. Which practice meets accepted safety requirements?

  1. Keep oxygen and acetylene cylinders at least 3 metres apart or separated by a fire-resistant barrier Correct answer.
  2. Store both cylinders lying flat together in one rack
  3. Store acetylene cylinders horizontally and oxygen vertically in the same corner
  4. Chain all cylinders together upright against a wooden wall

Explanation

Fuel gas and oxygen cylinders should be separated by a minimum distance (commonly about 3 metres) or by a non-combustible barrier to prevent a fire from spreading from one to the other. Cylinders must also stand upright and be secured. Keeping them apart reduces the risk of a single incident involving both gases.

Question 3Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

Which PPE item is specifically required to protect a welder's eyes from ultraviolet and infrared radiation during arc welding?

  1. A face shield made of transparent acrylic
  2. A welding helmet or hand shield fitted with a filter lens of the correct shade Correct answer.
  3. Clear safety spectacles
  4. Sunglasses with polarised lenses

Explanation

Arc welding emits intense ultraviolet and infrared radiation that can cause arc eye and retinal damage, so a helmet or hand shield with a properly shaded filter lens is required. Clear spectacles and ordinary face shields do not block these wavelengths adequately. The shade number must match the process and current.

Question 4Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

A welder is preparing to weld inside a confined tank. Which control should be in place before work starts?

  1. Working alone so fewer people are exposed
  2. A continuous supply of fresh air ventilation and a standby person outside the tank Correct answer.
  3. Only a warning sign posted on the tank entrance
  4. Leaving the tank hatch closed to keep out dust

Explanation

Confined spaces can accumulate shielding gases, fumes and oxygen deficiency, so forced ventilation and a trained standby person outside are essential controls. Welding also consumes oxygen and generates toxic fume in an enclosed volume. A sign alone does not protect the entrant.

Question 5Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

Which gas, if it accumulates in a poorly ventilated welding area, displaces oxygen and creates an asphyxiation risk?

  1. Compressed air from a blower
  2. Argon used as a shielding gas Correct answer.
  3. Oxygen from a leaking regulator
  4. Acetylene burned completely at the torch tip

Explanation

Argon and other inert shielding gases are heavier than air and can collect in low areas, displacing the oxygen needed for breathing. In confined or poorly ventilated spaces this can cause rapid asphyxiation without warning. Complete combustion of acetylene does not leave a heavier-than-air residue.

Question 6Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

What is the main hazard of zinc fume produced when welding galvanised steel?

  1. It causes metal fume fever with flu-like symptoms Correct answer.
  2. It permanently blinds the welder immediately
  3. It lowers the melting point of the weld pool
  4. It makes the steel non-magnetic

Explanation

Welding galvanised steel vaporises zinc coating and the fume can cause metal fume fever, with symptoms such as fever, chills and aching. Local exhaust ventilation and respiratory protection are the standard controls. The effect is not immediate blindness and does not change the steel's magnetic properties.

Question 7Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

A welder notices the hose connecting the acetylene regulator to the torch has a small cut. What is the correct action?

  1. Continue but keep a fire extinguisher nearby
  2. Replace the damaged hose before further use Correct answer.
  3. Tape the cut and continue welding
  4. Increase gas pressure to compensate for the leak

Explanation

A damaged fuel gas hose can leak acetylene and create a serious fire or explosion risk, so it must be replaced rather than patched. Taping or raising pressure does not restore integrity and may worsen the leak. Hose defects are a common cause of workshop fires.

Question 8Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

Why must a flashback arrestor be fitted on both the oxygen and acetylene lines?

  1. To increase the gas flow rate to the torch
  2. To stop a flame from travelling back into the cylinder Correct answer.
  3. To reduce the noise of the torch
  4. To filter dust particles from the gas

Explanation

A flashback arrestor contains a flame that travels back along the hose, preventing it from reaching the regulator and cylinder where it could cause an explosion. It is required on both fuel and oxygen lines because a flashback can travel along either. It does not regulate flow, filter gas or reduce noise.

Question 9Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

Before starting any hot work in a workshop, which fire precaution is most appropriate?

  1. Open all windows and rely on natural ventilation
  2. Wet the floor around the workbench
  3. Clear combustibles within about 10 metres and have suitable fire extinguishing equipment ready Correct answer.
  4. Ask a colleague to watch from another room

Explanation

Hot work generates sparks and slag that can travel several metres and ignite combustible materials, so the area should be cleared and firefighting equipment kept ready. A fire watch is also good practice. Ventilation and wetting the floor do not remove the ignition source risk.

Question 10Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

Which type of fire extinguisher is suitable for a fire involving acetylene gas?

  1. Wet chemical extinguisher
  2. Foam extinguisher
  3. Dry powder extinguisher Correct answer.
  4. Water stored-pressure extinguisher

Explanation

Gas fires are Class C (or Class B/C in some schemes), and dry powder is suitable because it smothers the flame. If the gas supply cannot be shut off, the priority is to cool the cylinder and evacuate. Water and foam are not appropriate for a pressurised gas fire.

Question 11Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

What does the term 'arc eye' (photokeratitis) describe?

  1. Hearing loss from arc noise
  2. A burn of the retina from infrared radiation
  3. A skin rash caused by contact with hot metal
  4. Inflammation of the cornea caused by ultraviolet radiation from the arc Correct answer.

Explanation

Arc eye is painful inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the welding arc. It commonly results from watching an arc without a filter or from reflected arc light. Symptoms such as gritiness and light sensitivity may appear hours later.

Question 12Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

A welder shares a workshop with other workers who are not welding. What is the most effective way to protect them from arc radiation and sparks?

  1. Turn off the workshop lights during welding
  2. Ask them to look away while welding
  3. Erect welding screens or curtains around the work area Correct answer.
  4. Weld only when the others are on a break

Explanation

Welding screens or translucent curtains block arc radiation and contain sparks, protecting nearby workers who may not wear filter lenses. Relying on people to look away is unreliable because reflected UV is still hazardous. Screens also define the hot work zone.

Question 13Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

Which statement correctly describes the safe handling of a compressed gas cylinder being moved across a workshop?

  1. Use a cylinder trolley with the valve closed and the regulator removed, and secure it Correct answer.
  2. Drag it by the hose attached to the regulator
  3. Carry it by the valve guard with two workers
  4. Roll it on its side with the valve open to save time

Explanation

Cylinders should be moved on a purpose-made trolley with the valve closed, the regulator removed and the valve cap or guard in place, and secured against falling. The valve should never be used as a lifting point. Dragging by the hose risks damaging the hose and regulator.

Question 14Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

When welding overhead, which additional PPE is most important beyond the standard helmet and gloves?

  1. Rubber boots and a waterproof apron
  2. A high-visibility vest
  3. Ear defenders
  4. Leather sleeves or a cape and a flame-resistant cap Correct answer.

Explanation

Overhead welding allows molten metal and sparks to fall onto the welder, so leather sleeves, a cape and a flame-resistant cap protect the head, neck and shoulders. Standard gloves alone leave these areas exposed. Waterproof aprons are for wet work, not falling slag.

Question 15Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

What is the purpose of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) at a welding station?

  1. To cool the weld pool faster
  2. To capture fume and gases near the source before they reach the welder's breathing zone Correct answer.
  3. To supply shielding gas to the torch
  4. To reduce the noise of the welding machine

Explanation

LEV extracts fume and gases at or near the arc so they are removed before entering the welder's breathing zone. It is more effective than general dilution ventilation for concentrated welding fume. It does not supply shielding gas, cool the weld or reduce machine noise.

Question 16Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

A welder is working on a steel structure at height and needs to weld a joint near the edge. Which fall protection measure is appropriate?

  1. Work without protection if the job takes less than five minutes
  2. Use a properly anchored full-body harness and a work platform with guardrails Correct answer.
  3. Stand on the structure beam and hold the electrode holder in one hand
  4. Tie a rope around the waist and secure it to the structure

Explanation

Fall protection at height requires a properly anchored full-body harness together with a safe platform or guardrails. A single rope around the waist is not an acceptable fall arrest system and can cause serious injury. Short duration does not remove the fall hazard.

Question 17Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

Which of the following is a correct method for checking for leaks on an acetylene regulator connection?

  1. Hold a lit match near the joint
  2. Smell the joint and rely on the odour
  3. Apply soapy water to the joint and look for bubbles Correct answer.
  4. Listen closely with the valve fully open

Explanation

Leak testing is done with soapy water, which forms bubbles at a leaking joint. A flame must never be used near a fuel gas connection because it can ignite the escaping gas. Listening or smelling is unreliable and does not locate small leaks safely.

Question 18Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

A welder must weld a small part on a bench. Which practice best reduces the risk of electric shock from the electrode holder?

  1. Hold the electrode with bare hands to position it
  2. Stand on a wet concrete floor while welding
  3. Inspect the holder insulation and replace it if cracked, and keep gloves dry Correct answer.
  4. Use the welding return cable clamped to a painted surface

Explanation

Damaged insulation on the electrode holder exposes live parts, so it must be inspected and replaced, and dry gloves reduce the chance of current passing through the body. A good return connection on clean metal also helps complete the circuit safely. Wet floors and bare hands increase shock risk.

Question 19Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

Why should a welding return (earth) cable be connected as close as possible to the work being welded?

  1. To reduce the consumption of shielding gas
  2. To make the arc louder and more stable
  3. To increase the open-circuit voltage
  4. To prevent stray current from flowing through building steelwork or lifting chains Correct answer.

Explanation

If the return clamp is far from the work, the welding current may travel through structural steel, chains or bearings, causing arcing, heating and possible damage or fire. A close connection keeps the current path short and controlled. It does not affect gas use or open-circuit voltage.

Question 20Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

Which condition makes an area a 'confined space' under typical occupational safety definitions?

  1. Any outdoor work area with a roof overhead
  2. A workshop with more than five welders
  3. Any room with a door wider than one metre
  4. An enclosed or partially enclosed space with restricted entry and exit that is not designed for continuous occupancy Correct answer.

Explanation

A confined space is enclosed or partially enclosed, has restricted entry and exit, and is not intended for continuous human occupancy, with potential for hazardous atmosphere or engulfment. Tanks, pits and silos are typical examples. Door width or the number of workers does not define it.

Question 21Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

A welder using a grinding machine to prepare a joint notices the wheel is chipped. What is the correct action?

  1. Increase the wheel speed to smooth the chip away
  2. Replace the damaged wheel before use Correct answer.
  3. Use the chipped wheel only for rough work
  4. Mount the chipped wheel and run it at low speed

Explanation

A chipped or cracked grinding wheel can burst at operating speed and throw fragments, so it must be replaced. The correct wheel must also be rated for the machine speed. Using it at low speed or for rough work does not remove the risk of failure.

Question 22Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

Which statement about fume extraction when welding stainless steel is most accurate?

  1. Stainless steel fume is harmless because the alloy is corrosion resistant
  2. Stainless steel fume contains chromium and nickel compounds that require effective extraction Correct answer.
  3. Only galvanised steel produces hazardous fume
  4. Stainless steel should be welded only without ventilation

Explanation

Welding stainless steel produces fume containing chromium and nickel compounds, some of which are associated with respiratory disease and cancer risk, so effective LEV and respiratory protection are needed. Corrosion resistance of the parent metal does not make the fume harmless. Galvanised steel is not the only hazardous material.

Question 23Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

What is the correct response if a welder's clothing catches fire during work?

  1. Run to the nearest exit to get outside quickly
  2. Continue welding until the job is finished
  3. Fan the flames with a piece of sheet metal
  4. Stop, drop and roll, and use a fire blanket or extinguisher if available Correct answer.

Explanation

Running feeds oxygen to the flames, so the person should stop, drop and roll to smother the fire, and a fire blanket or extinguisher should be used if available. Immediate action limits burn severity. Continuing work or fanning the flames makes the injury worse.

Question 24Occupational Safety, Health and Environment in Welding

Which of the following best explains why welding near solvent or paint containers is dangerous?

  1. The arc light bleaches the paint colour
  2. Heat and sparks can ignite flammable vapours, and UV can decompose chlorinated solvents into toxic gases Correct answer.
  3. Paint fumes make the arc unstable
  4. Solvents absorb shielding gas and weaken the weld

Explanation

Flammable solvent vapours can be ignited by sparks, slag or the arc, and ultraviolet radiation can break down chlorinated solvents such as degreasers to form toxic phosgene-type gases. Containers should be removed or emptied before hot work. The other options do not describe the actual mechanism.

Question 25Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

In a welding symbol, what does the arrow line specifically indicate?

  1. The side of the joint on which the weld is to be made Correct answer.
  2. The direction of welding travel along the joint
  3. The grade of electrode to be used
  4. The length of the weld to be deposited

Explanation

The arrow line points to the joint and, together with the position of the symbol relative to the reference line, shows which side of the joint receives the weld. Welding travel direction is not shown by the arrow line itself. Electrode grade and weld length are given by the tail and by dimensions placed on the symbol.

Question 26Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

A fillet weld symbol is placed above the reference line with no other marks. On which side of the joint is the weld made?

  1. On the arrow side
  2. Alternately on both sides
  3. On the other side Correct answer.
  4. Equally on both sides

Explanation

By convention, a symbol placed above the reference line denotes a weld on the other side of the joint, while a symbol below the line denotes the arrow side. With no supplementary marks, the weld is made only on the other side. Marks such as a double line or staggered symbols would be needed for both sides.

Question 27Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

In a groove weld symbol, the letter S in the dimension indicates which quantity?

  1. Root gap
  2. Groove depth
  3. Weld length
  4. Groove size Correct answer.

Explanation

For groove welds the letter S denotes groove size, that is the depth or width of the prepared groove according to the groove type. Root gap is denoted by the letter R, and weld length appears as a separate length dimension. Confusing S with root opening is a common reading error.

Question 28Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

A fillet weld symbol shows a dimension of 6 followed by the length 80-200. What does the 200 represent?

  1. The total length of the member
  2. The maximum permitted fillet size
  3. The pitch or spacing between weld increments Correct answer.
  4. The electrode diameter

Explanation

In the length-pitch form, the first value is the length of each weld increment and the second value after the dash is the pitch, the centre-to-centre spacing of those increments. Here each increment is 80 mm long and repeats every 200 mm. A single length with no dash would mean a continuous weld of that length.

Question 29Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

What does the tail of a welding symbol contain when it is used?

  1. The welding process and electrode specification Correct answer.
  2. The preheat temperature only
  3. The inspection acceptance level
  4. The number of passes required

Explanation

The tail is an optional part of the symbol used to carry supplementary information, most commonly the welding process reference and electrode classification. It may also carry other reference data such as a specification number. It is left out when the drawing's general notes already cover these details.

Question 30Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

A weld symbol carries a small flag at the junction of the reference line and arrow line. What does this flag signify?

  1. Flush finish
  2. Backing required
  3. Field weld Correct answer.
  4. Weld all around

Explanation

A flag at the junction of the arrow line and reference line marks a field weld, meaning the weld is made at the site rather than in the fabrication shop. Weld all around is shown by a circle at the same junction. A flush contour is shown by a finishing symbol above the weld symbol.

Question 31Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

A circle is placed at the junction of the arrow line and reference line of a fillet weld symbol. What is the correct interpretation?

  1. The weld is intermittent
  2. The weld is to be made in the shop only
  3. The weld requires a backing strip
  4. The weld continues completely around the joint Correct answer.

Explanation

The circle at the arrow-to-reference-line junction is the weld-all-around symbol, meaning the weld is made continuously around the entire joint perimeter. It is commonly used on pipe and tubular joints and on members fully welded at a connection. It does not specify shop or field location.

Question 32Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

In a groove weld symbol, the letter R stands for which dimension?

  1. Weld reinforcement width
  2. Groove radius
  3. Root opening Correct answer.
  4. Reinforcement height

Explanation

The letter R on a groove weld symbol denotes the root opening, the gap left between the two parts before welding. Groove radius is shown by the letter r in a different position on the symbol. Reinforcement is controlled by contour symbols rather than by R.

Question 33Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

On a drawing, a square butt joint is shown with a groove weld symbol that has no root opening dimension. What is the usual meaning?

  1. The root opening must be measured on site
  2. The weld is a partial penetration weld
  3. The parts are to be welded without a gap between them Correct answer.
  4. The root opening equals the plate thickness

Explanation

A square groove weld is normally made with the faying surfaces closed, so no root opening is dimensioned and the symbol omits R. If a gap were required, the dimension would be written with the letter R. Partial penetration would be indicated by groove depth rather than by the absence of a root opening.

Question 34Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

What is the primary purpose of a welding procedure specification in fabrication work?

  1. To give the delivery schedule of consumables
  2. To list the drawing numbers of the project
  3. To state the approved variables for producing a weld of specified quality Correct answer.
  4. To record the welder's personal qualification history

Explanation

A welding procedure specification sets out the qualified variables, such as process, consumables, current range, preheat and pass sequence, that must be followed to produce a weld meeting the specified quality. It is a production document derived from procedure qualification testing. Welder qualification is a separate record.

Question 35Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

A drawing note reads 'WPS to be qualified by test before production'. What does this require?

  1. The drawing must be approved by the client
  2. The procedure must be proven by a procedure qualification test before use Correct answer.
  3. The consumables must be tested by the supplier
  4. The welders must pass a trade test before starting

Explanation

Procedure qualification means the proposed welding procedure is demonstrated by making and testing a test weld to show it produces acceptable properties. Only after that qualification is the procedure issued for production. Welder qualification is a separate requirement covering the individual operator.

Question 36Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

In welding terminology, what does the heat affected zone refer to?

  1. The slag covering on the weld
  2. The base metal that was heated but not melted Correct answer.
  3. The area cleaned before welding
  4. The deposited weld metal itself

Explanation

The heat affected zone is the region of base metal adjacent to the fusion line that has been altered by welding heat without melting. Its microstructure and properties differ from the unaffected parent metal, which is why toughness and hardness are assessed there. The weld metal is a separate region.

Question 37Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

What is meant by the term root penetration in a butt weld?

  1. The width of the weld cap
  2. The distance the weld metal extends into the root of the joint Correct answer.
  3. The height of weld reinforcement above the surface
  4. The depth of the groove prepared in the plate

Explanation

Root penetration describes how far the weld metal has fused into the root region of the joint, including through the full thickness in a full penetration weld. Inadequate root penetration is a common root defect. Groove depth, cap height and cap width are distinct dimensions.

Question 38Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

A drawing specifies a 'full penetration butt weld'. Which statement correctly describes this requirement?

  1. The weld must be made from both sides only
  2. Weld metal must extend through the full thickness of the joint Correct answer.
  3. The weld cap must be ground flush
  4. Weld metal must fill only the top half of the joint

Explanation

Full penetration means complete fusion and weld metal through the entire joint thickness, so the joint achieves full strength across the section. It can be achieved from one side with backing or from both sides by gouging and back welding. Grinding the cap flush is a finish requirement, not penetration.

Question 39Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

Which joint type is formed when two members lie in the same plane and are joined along their edges?

  1. Butt joint Correct answer.
  2. Corner joint
  3. Lap joint
  4. Tee joint

Explanation

A butt joint joins two members end to end or edge to edge in approximately the same plane. A lap joint overlaps the members, a tee joint joins one member perpendicular to another, and a corner joint meets at an angle at the edges. Recognising joint type is essential for reading the correct weld symbol.

Question 40Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

A drawing shows a symbol for a single-bevel groove weld. What does the single-bevel designation tell the welder?

  1. Both members have matching angled preparations
  2. The weld is deposited from one side only
  3. One member has an angled edge preparation and the other is square Correct answer.
  4. The weld is made with one pass only

Explanation

In a single-bevel groove, only one member is chamfered at an angle while the other has a square edge, producing an asymmetric groove. A double-bevel groove has both members chamfered. The designation describes edge preparation geometry, not pass count or welding side.

Question 41Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

What information does the letter designation E7018 on an electrode give the welder?

  1. The plate thickness it may be used on
  2. Tensile strength, position, coating and current type Correct answer.
  3. The preheat temperature required
  4. The welding position and current type only

Explanation

In the E7018 classification, the digits indicate minimum tensile strength, suitable welding positions, coating and current type, and the low-hydrogen nature of the covering. The classification does not state plate thickness limits or preheat, which come from the procedure. Reading it correctly guides electrode selection and storage.

Question 42Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

On a drawing, a weld symbol shows a concave contour symbol over a fillet weld. What does this require?

  1. The weld must be convex with reinforcement
  2. The weld must be left as welded with no control
  3. The weld must be ground flush with the surface
  4. The weld face must be finished to a concave profile Correct answer.

Explanation

A contour symbol placed over the weld symbol specifies the required shape of the finished weld face. A concave symbol calls for a concave profile, often achieved by grinding. A flush symbol would show a straight line, and the absence of any contour symbol means the weld is left as welded.

Question 43Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

A drawing dimension line for a weld is drawn with a broken line and the note 'typical'. What does this convey?

  1. The weld is optional
  2. The weld is to be inspected by sampling
  3. The weld is intermittent along the joint
  4. The same weld condition applies at all similar locations Correct answer.

Explanation

The note 'typical' means the indicated weld applies to all similar joints shown, so the symbol is not repeated at every location. It is a drafting convention to reduce clutter. It does not describe intermittency, optional status or inspection sampling.

Question 44Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

What does the abbreviation GTAW stand for in welding terminology?

  1. Gas tungsten arc welding Correct answer.
  2. General tungsten arc welding
  3. Gas thermal arc welding
  4. Gas torch arc welding

Explanation

GTAW is gas tungsten arc welding, a process using a non-consumable tungsten electrode with a shielding gas, often with a separate filler rod. It is also called TIG welding. The other expansions do not correspond to any recognised process name.

Question 45Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

In a welding symbol, what does the number placed to the left of the fillet weld symbol represent?

  1. The length of the weld
  2. The leg length of the fillet Correct answer.
  3. The number of passes
  4. The pitch of the weld

Explanation

The number written to the left of the fillet symbol is the size of the fillet, expressed as the leg length on the drawing. Weld length is written to the right of the symbol. Pitch appears after a dash following the length, and pass count is not part of the symbol.

Question 46Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

A drawing calls for a backing bar symbol on the arrow side of a groove weld. What does this mean?

  1. The root is to be removed after welding
  2. A permanent or removable strip is placed behind the root to support the weld Correct answer.
  3. The weld is to be made with a weaving technique
  4. The joint must be preheated before welding

Explanation

The backing symbol indicates that a backing bar or strip is placed at the root to support the molten weld pool and help achieve sound root penetration. The backing may be permanent or removable. It is not related to weaving, root removal or preheat.

Question 47Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

Which statement best distinguishes a welding symbol from a weld symbol?

  1. A weld symbol always includes the tail and flag
  2. A weld symbol is the complete assembly including arrow and tail
  3. A welding symbol includes the weld symbol plus arrow, reference line and supplementary parts Correct answer.
  4. The two terms mean exactly the same thing in all cases

Explanation

The weld symbol is only the part that identifies the type of weld, such as the fillet triangle or groove shape. The complete welding symbol also includes the arrow line, reference line and optional elements such as the tail, flag and contour symbols. Using the terms precisely helps when reading drawing notes and standards.

Question 48Engineering Drawings, Symbols and Welding Terminology

A drawing shows an intermittent fillet weld symbol with dimensions 5-50 on both sides of the reference line, offset from each other. What does this indicate?

  1. A continuous weld on both sides
  2. A single-sided intermittent weld
  3. A chain intermittent weld on both sides
  4. A staggered intermittent weld on both sides Correct answer.

Explanation

When intermittent welds are shown on both sides of the reference line and the increments are offset, the result is a staggered intermittent weld. If the increments were aligned opposite each other, it would be a chain intermittent weld. The dash-separated values give increment length and pitch.

Question 49Materials, Metal Preparation and Weldability

Which property of a metal describes its ability to be drawn into thin wire without breaking?

  1. Malleability
  2. Brittleness
  3. Ductility Correct answer.
  4. Hardness

Explanation

Ductility is the capacity of a metal to undergo plastic deformation in tension, allowing it to be stretched into wire before fracture. Malleability is a related but distinct property that concerns deformation under compressive force into thin sheets.

Question 50Materials, Metal Preparation and Weldability

A structural steel plate is stamped with the designation S275. What does the number 275 represent?

  1. Percentage of carbon content
  2. Minimum elongation in percent
  3. Minimum yield strength in MPa Correct answer.
  4. Maximum tensile strength in MPa

Explanation

In the EN 10025 designation system for structural steels, the number after the S indicates the minimum specified yield strength in megapascals for the thinnest section range. Welders use this value to judge the strength match required from a consumable.