SLPS Competitive Exam flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Transformational leadership
- A leadership approach using idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration to raise staff commitment and performance beyond expected levels.
- Distributed leadership
- Allocation of decision authority and responsibility across teams and roles while the principal retains ultimate accountability for outcomes and results.
- School culture vs. climate
- Culture is the underlying shared assumptions and values; climate is the observable perception of safety, relationships, and environment. Both shape behavior differently.
- Backward design
- A curriculum planning sequence that begins with desired results, then identifies acceptable evidence, and only then designs learning experiences and instruction.
- Vertical curriculum alignment
- The intentional sequencing of content and skills across grade levels so that each year builds on the prior one without gaps or unnecessary repetition.
- Depth of Knowledge
- A framework classifying tasks by cognitive demand across four levels, from recall to extended strategic thinking, used to judge rigor of assignments.
- Formative assessment
- A process of gathering evidence during instruction to adjust teaching in real time; results inform learning rather than certify final achievement.
- Standard error of measurement
- An estimate of score variability due to imperfect reliability, calculated as the standard deviation times the square root of one minus reliability.
- Percentile rank
- The percentage of a norm group scoring at or below a given score; it is not the percentage of items answered correctly.
- Triangulation of data
- Confirming a conclusion using at least three independent data sources, such as benchmark tests, classroom formative work, and observation.
- Zero-based budgeting
- A budget method requiring every expenditure to be justified from zero each cycle rather than adjusted incrementally from the prior year.
- Full-time equivalent
- A staffing unit expressing positions as a proportion of a standard full-time workweek, used to calculate budgeted personnel costs.
- Supplement not supplant
- A funding rule requiring federal or categorical funds to add services beyond what state and local funds already provide.
- Master schedule
- A school-wide planning document allocating teachers, students, rooms, and time across periods to meet instructional and compliance requirements.
- Induction program
- Structured support for beginning teachers combining mentoring, observation, and professional learning during the first years of employment.
- Job-embedded professional development
- Professional learning occurring during the workday and tied directly to teachers' current content, students, and instructional problems.
- Due process in personnel
- Procedural protections for staff facing discipline, typically notice, statement of charges, a hearing, and an opportunity to respond.
- Epstein's six involvement types
- Parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision making, and collaborating with the community form a framework for family engagement.
- Two-way communication
- A communication approach that solicits and responds to family input, rather than one-way notification of school decisions and events.
- Home-school compact
- A written agreement describing shared responsibilities of school staff, families, and students for supporting student learning, reviewed annually.
- Conflict of interest
- A situation where a personal, financial, or family interest could improperly influence professional decisions, requiring disclosure and recusal.
- Equity versus equality
- Equality gives identical resources to all; equity allocates support according to need so that outcomes are not determined by circumstance.
- Disproportionality
- Overrepresentation of a student group in discipline, special education, or advanced programs relative to its share of enrollment.
- Mandated reporting
- A legal duty of school staff to report suspected child abuse or neglect to designated authorities, overriding any promise of confidentiality.
- Free appropriate public education
- The IDEA entitlement to special education and related services designed to meet a student's needs at public expense under public supervision.
- Least restrictive environment
- The requirement to educate students with disabilities alongside peers without disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate.
- FERPA
- A federal law protecting education records, requiring consent for most disclosures and permitting directory information release only with notice and opt-out.
- Section 504
- A federal anti-discrimination law requiring accommodations for students with impairments substantially limiting a major life activity; it does not fund services.
- Four phases of emergency management
- Mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery structure school safety planning from prevention through post-incident restoration.
- Reunification
- A controlled process for returning students to verified authorized adults after an emergency, with documentation of every release.
- Behavioral threat assessment
- A team process evaluating threatening behavior and communication to determine risk and intervention, rather than relying on student profiles.
- Assessment accommodation
- A change in how a test is administered or accessed that does not alter what the test measures, preserving score validity.