Fundamental Principles and Structure of the Constitution
This domain tests the Constitution’s foundational choices and how the text is organised. The Constitution was adopted by referendum on 25 October 1992 and came into force on 2 November 1992.
Core rules
Article 1 declares Lithuania an independent democratic republic. Article 2 places sovereignty in the people; Article 3 protects sovereignty and territorial integrity; Article 4 says the people exercise sovereignty directly or through representatives. Article 5 allocates state power to the Seimas, the President, the Government, and the Judiciary. Article 6 makes the Constitution the supreme law: laws must conform to it. Article 7 requires publication for legal effect. Article 8 prohibits seizing state power by force and makes attempts to overthrow the constitutional order a crime.
Structure
The chapters run from I Fundamental Provisions and II Human Rights and Freedoms through V Seimas, VI President, VII Government, VIII Constitutional Court, IX Courts and Prosecution, X Local Self-Government, XI Finances and Budget, XII National Security and Defence, XIII Foreign Policy, to XIV Amendment.
Worked example. A statute authorises a minister to override a court judgment. The court need not follow it: Article 6 gives the Constitution supremacy, and a statute cannot displace judicial authority under Article 5. The proper route is constitutional review, not obedience.
Traps. Sovereignty belongs to the Seimas - false, it belongs to the people. The Constitution is only a political programme - false, it is directly binding law. A simple law can amend Article 1 - false.