State Institutions: Seimas, President, Government, Courts and Constitutional Court
This domain tests allocation of powers and mutual checks among the main state institutions.
Seimas and President
The Seimas has 141 members elected for four years: 71 in single-member constituencies and 70 by proportional representation, with a 5% nationwide threshold for party lists. The President is elected for five years, may serve no more than two consecutive terms, and must be a citizen by birth, aged at least 40, resident in Lithuania for at least three years.
Government and courts
The President appoints the Prime Minister with Seimas approval and appoints ministers on the Prime Minister’s proposal. The Government implements laws and is responsible to the Seimas. Courts are independent; judges are subject only to law. The Constitutional Court has nine judges serving nine years, three appointed by the President, three by the Seimas and three by the Supreme Court; it reviews constitutionality.
Worked example. The President appoints a minister without the Prime Minister’s proposal. That violates the constitutional appointment route: ministerial appointments require the Prime Minister’s proposal, and the Seimas’s confidence role cannot be bypassed.
Traps. The President may dissolve the Seimas at will - false; only in constitutional conditions. The Seimas may remove a Constitutional Court judge by simple majority - false. The Prime Minister is head of state - false; the President is. The Constitutional Court is an ordinary criminal appeal court - false.