Citizenship, Elections and Referendum
This domain tests who belongs to the political community and how voters decide.
Citizenship
Article 12 provides that Lithuanian citizenship is acquired by birth or on other grounds established by law. Dual citizenship is generally prohibited, except in individual cases provided by law. Naturalisation conditions - residence, language, and loyalty requirements - are set by statute, not by administrative discretion.
Elections
Voters are Lithuanian citizens aged 18. Seimas candidates must be at least 25; presidential candidates must be at least 40 and meet the birth and residence rules. Municipal elections are open to resident EU citizens, but Seimas and presidential elections are not.
Referendum
Referendums decide important questions of state life. The Seimas calls a referendum; at least 300,000 citizens may initiate one. The Law on Referendum sets signature, turnout and validity thresholds, so a simple majority of those voting is not automatically enough.
Worked example. An EU citizen resident in Vilnius wants to vote in a Seimas election. She cannot: Seimas elections are for Lithuanian citizens. She may vote in municipal elections if she meets the residence requirements.
Traps. All residents vote in Seimas elections - false. Dual citizenship is always allowed - false. A referendum is always binding on a simple majority of voters - false; validity thresholds matter. The President grants citizenship at unfettered discretion - false.