Luxembourg Driving Theory Test cheat sheet

Sign categories in Luxembourg follow the Vienna Convention: danger (red triangle, white field), prohibition (red ring), mandatory (blue circle), information (blue or green rectangle), priority (yellow diamond).

A red ring with a white centre is a general prohibition; the symbol inside defines it (no entry, no parking, no overtaking, speed limit). A blue circle with a white symbol is an obligation, never a permission.

Red-bordered triangular signs warn of a hazard about 150 m ahead outside built-up areas and about 50 m ahead inside built-up areas unless a distance plate states otherwise.

Supplementary plates under a sign (distance, length, vehicle category, time) restrict or extend the sign's scope; a sign without a plate applies to all vehicles and all times.

Stop sign (octagon) requires a full stop at the stop line; a give-way sign (inverted triangle) requires yielding without a mandatory stop. Both are priority signs, not mere warnings.

Traffic lights override priority signs and road markings; a police officer's signals override traffic lights. Flashing amber means proceed with caution, respecting normal priority rules.

Solid white lines must not be crossed or straddled; broken lines may be crossed when overtaking or changing lanes is safe and permitted. Yellow markings indicate temporary roadworks and override white markings.

A vehicle is 'in a built-up area' from the place-name entry sign to the exit sign; this defines the default 50 km/h limit and the 50 m warning distance.

Default rule: at an intersection without signs or markings, yield to vehicles approaching from the right (priorité à droite). This applies in Luxembourg unless a sign or marking says otherwise.

Priority road (yellow diamond) gives right of way at all following intersections until cancelled by an end-of-priority sign or a give-way/stop sign.

Turning left: yield to oncoming traffic going straight or turning right. Turning across a cycle path or pedestrian crossing requires yielding to users already on it.

Entering a public road from a private driveway, car park, field path, or petrol station: you must yield to all traffic on the road, including pedestrians and cyclists.

Roundabouts in Luxembourg: users already on the ring have priority over entering vehicles (give-way at entry, indicated by signs and markings). Signal right before your exit.

Trams have priority over all other road users at intersections unless signs state otherwise; do not block tram tracks and never overtake a tram stopped at a stop without checking passengers.

At a stop sign or give-way line, the obligation is to yield to traffic on the priority road in both directions, not only to vehicles from the left.

Emergency vehicles with blue lights and two-tone siren have priority; other road users must clear the way and, if necessary, stop.

Default limits in Luxembourg: 50 km/h in built-up areas, 90 km/h outside built-up areas, 130 km/h on motorways (110 km/h in rain or other precipitation). Signs may lower these; higher limits are not permitted.

Minimum safety distance: the two-second rule (distance = speed in metres per second × 2). At 130 km/h that is about 72 m; at 90 km/h about 50 m; at 50 km/h about 28 m.

Outside built-up areas, a minimum following distance of at least 2 seconds is the legal benchmark; in tunnels and on wet roads increase it further.

Overtaking is forbidden at pedestrian crossings, at level crossings, on bridges, in tunnels (unless lanes are marked for it), and wherever a solid line or no-overtaking sign applies.

Overtaking a cyclist, pedestrian, or horse-drawn vehicle requires a lateral gap of at least 1.5 m outside built-up areas and 1 m inside built-up areas.

Before overtaking: check mirrors, signal, check blind spot, ensure no vehicle is already overtaking you, and be able to return to the right without forcing others to brake.

A vehicle being overtaken must not accelerate; it should keep right and, where safe, move slightly right to ease the manoeuvre.

Speed limits apply to the whole vehicle combination; a trailer or caravan lowers the permitted maximum (generally 90 km/h on motorways for combinations, check the specific sign).

Legal blood alcohol limit in Luxembourg: 0.5 g/L (0.5 per mille, 0.25 mg/L breath). For novice drivers (probationary licence) and professional drivers the limit is 0.2 g/L.

Above 0.5 g/L: fine and licence withdrawal. Above 0.8 g/L it becomes a criminal offence with possible imprisonment and licence suspension. Refusing a breath test is itself an offence.

Alcohol is eliminated at roughly 0.10-0.15 g/L per hour; coffee, cold air, or food do not speed this up. A 'safe' time cannot be calculated reliably, so the only safe rule is not to drink at all.

Driving under the influence of illegal drugs is prohibited with zero tolerance; police may require a saliva test and a blood test. Refusal is punishable.

Medication with a warning pictogram (red or amber triangle) can impair driving; check the leaflet and ask the pharmacist. Combining medication with alcohol multiplies impairment.

Fatigue: after about 2 hours of driving take a break of at least 15 minutes. Symptoms of drowsiness (yawning, heavy eyelids, drifting) mean stop, not 'push on'.

Illness, epilepsy, diabetes with hypoglycaemia risk, severe sleep apnoea, and significant visual impairment must be declared to the licensing authority; a medical certificate may be required.

Prescribed medication does not exempt you from the offence of driving while unfit; the driver remains responsible for fitness to drive.

Mandatory equipment in Luxembourg: seat belts for all seats, a warning triangle, a reflective vest (accessible from inside the cabin, worn when exiting on the road), and a first-aid kit is recommended.

Winter tyres or all-season tyres marked M+S/3PMSF are required in wintry conditions (snow, ice, slush); summer tyres are not permitted then. Winter tyres must meet the minimum tread depth.

Minimum tyre tread depth: 1.6 mm across the central three-quarters of the tread. Tyre pressure must be checked cold; under-inflation increases fuel use and stopping distance.

Lighting: dipped headlights are compulsory at night, in tunnels, in rain, fog, and snow, and whenever visibility is reduced. Front fog lights only in fog/snowfall; rear fog light only when visibility is below 50 m.

Braking system: check brake fluid level and warning light. ABS prevents wheel lock-up and preserves steering, but does not shorten stopping distance on all surfaces.

The warning triangle is placed at least 30 m behind the vehicle on a normal road and further (about 100 m) on a motorway, only if it can be done safely.

Periodic technical inspection (contrôle technique) is required for cars: first inspection 4 years after first registration, then every 2 years. A valid inspection sticker must be displayed.

Towing: a tow rope must be visible (flag) and no longer than necessary; a broken-down vehicle on a motorway must be recovered by a professional breakdown service.

Scan 12-15 seconds ahead in urban areas and further on open roads; keep eyes moving (mirror, road, mirror) rather than fixating on the vehicle in front.

Identify developing hazards early: brake lights, pedestrians near the kerb, cyclists wobbling, parked cars with occupants, ball games on the pavement, and side-road vehicles creeping forward.

In rain, stopping distances roughly double; in ice they can be ten times longer. Reduce speed before the hazard, not during it.

Aquaplaning: ease off the accelerator, hold the steering steady, do not brake hard; grip returns as speed drops.

Tunnel driving: switch on dipped headlights, keep a larger gap, do not stop, and follow the emergency instructions on the radio/signage.

Blind spots: check over the shoulder before changing lanes; mirrors do not cover the area beside the rear quarter.

Overtaking a heavy goods vehicle takes longer and the lorry's blind spot is large; do not linger alongside and return to the right only when the lorry is visible in the mirror.

Defensive principle: assume other road users have not seen you; make eye contact, use signals, and position the vehicle so you can be seen and have an escape route.

Documents to carry or be able to present: driving licence, vehicle registration certificate (carte grise), insurance certificate (or green card), and proof of valid technical inspection.

Third-party liability insurance (responsabilité civile) is mandatory for every motor vehicle; driving uninsured is a criminal offence.

The European accident report (constat amiable) should be completed and signed by both parties after a collision; it records facts, not admissions of guilt.

Driving licence categories: B covers cars up to 3,500 kg with up to 8 passenger seats; a trailer over 750 kg requires B+E or the applicable code.

A vehicle must be registered in Luxembourg and display a valid number plate; change of address or ownership must be declared to the registration authority.

The probationary period for new drivers lasts 3 years in Luxembourg; certain offences trigger additional restrictions or licence withdrawal.

Driving licence points: Luxembourg does not operate a points system like France, but serious offences lead to fines, licence suspension, or withdrawal by the court.

If you move to Luxembourg, a valid EU/EEA licence is recognised; a non-EU licence must generally be exchanged within 12 months of taking up residence.

European emergency number 112 works throughout the EU; in Luxembourg it reaches the emergency services. Give location, number of casualties, and hazards.

Protect the scene first: switch on hazard lights, put on the reflective vest, place the warning triangle, and move to a safe place behind the barrier.

Never move an injured person unless there is immediate danger (fire, traffic); suspected spinal injury means keep the head and neck still.

Check responsiveness and breathing; if the casualty is not breathing normally, start CPR (30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths) and use an AED if available.

Control severe bleeding with direct pressure; do not remove an object embedded in a wound.

Do not give food or drink to an injured person; keep them warm and monitor breathing until help arrives.

In a collision with only material damage, move vehicles off the carriageway if possible, exchange details, and complete the constat amiable.

Failing to help a person in danger (non-assistance à personne en danger) is a criminal offence in Luxembourg.

Eco-driving: shift up early (around 2,000-2,500 rpm for petrol, 1,500-2,000 rpm for diesel), keep engine speed low, and use the highest suitable gear.

Anticipate traffic and release the accelerator early; engine braking cuts fuel to near zero while the vehicle is in gear and rolling.

Idling wastes fuel: switch off the engine when stopped for more than about 30 seconds (except in traffic where restarting is unsafe).

Remove roof racks and unnecessary loads; aerodynamic drag and weight raise consumption significantly at motorway speeds.

Correct tyre pressure reduces rolling resistance; under-inflated tyres can increase fuel consumption by several percent.

Air conditioning increases consumption; use it moderately and ventilate with open windows at low speed instead.

Regular servicing (air filter, spark plugs, oil) keeps consumption and emissions low; a faulty lambda sensor or injector raises both.

Electric and hybrid vehicles: regenerative braking recovers energy; smooth acceleration and anticipation maximise range.

Pedestrians on a zebra crossing have absolute priority once they show the intention to cross; approach at a speed that lets you stop.

At junctions, a pedestrian already crossing or about to cross the road you are turning into has priority; give way before completing the turn.

Cyclists may ride side by side in pairs in some circumstances; leave at least 1.5 m when overtaking outside built-up areas and 1 m inside.

Before opening a car door, use the 'Dutch reach' (far hand) to check for cyclists; dooring is a common cause of serious cycling injuries.

Motorcyclists are hard to see at junctions; their small frontal profile means a vehicle can appear to be further away than it is. Do not pull out in front of them.

Heavy goods vehicles have large blind spots (front, sides, rear); never overtake on the right of a lorry indicating right, and do not sit in the area beside the cab.

Lorries and buses need much more space to turn; at a tight junction they may swing wide before turning, so never pass on the inside.

Children, elderly pedestrians, and people with reduced mobility may behave unpredictably; reduce speed near schools, playgrounds, and bus stops.

Sign categories follow the Vienna Convention: danger (red triangle), prohibition (red ring), mandatory (blue circle), information (rectangle), priority (yellow diamond).

A red ring with a white centre is a general prohibition; the symbol inside defines it (no entry, no parking, no overtaking, speed limit).

A blue circle with a white symbol is an obligation, never a permission.

Red-bordered triangular warnings appear about 150 m ahead outside built-up areas and about 50 m ahead inside them, unless a distance plate says otherwise.

A stop sign (octagon) requires a full stop at the line; a give-way sign (inverted triangle) requires yielding without a mandatory stop.

Traffic lights override priority signs and markings; a police officer's signals override traffic lights. Flashing amber means proceed with caution under normal priority rules.

Solid white lines must not be crossed or straddled; broken lines may be crossed when overtaking or changing lanes is safe and permitted. Yellow markings are temporary (roadworks) and override white ones.

A vehicle is 'in a built-up area' from the place-name entry sign to the exit sign; this defines the default 50 km/h limit and the 50 m warning distance.

Default rule: at an intersection without signs or markings, yield to vehicles approaching from the right (priorité à droite).

A priority road (yellow diamond) gives right of way at all following intersections until cancelled by an end-of-priority sign or a give-way/stop sign.

Turning left: yield to oncoming traffic going straight or turning right; turning across a cycle path or pedestrian crossing requires yielding to users already on it.

Entering a public road from a private driveway, car park, field path, or petrol station: yield to all traffic on the road, including pedestrians and cyclists.

Roundabouts: users already on the ring have priority over entering vehicles (give-way at entry). Signal right before your exit.

Trams have priority over all other road users at intersections unless signs state otherwise; never block tram tracks.

At a stop sign or give-way line, yield to traffic on the priority road in both directions, not only to vehicles from the left.

Emergency vehicles with blue lights and two-tone siren have priority; other road users must clear the way and, if necessary, stop.

Default limits in Luxembourg: 50 km/h in built-up areas, 90 km/h outside built-up areas, 130 km/h on motorways (110 km/h in rain or other precipitation).

Minimum safety distance: the two-second rule (distance = speed in metres per second × 2). At 130 km/h that is about 72 m; at 90 km/h about 50 m; at 50 km/h about 28 m.

Outside built-up areas, a minimum following distance of at least 2 seconds is the legal benchmark; increase it in tunnels and on wet roads.

Overtaking is forbidden at pedestrian crossings, at level crossings, on bridges, in tunnels (unless lanes are marked for it), and wherever a solid line or no-overtaking sign applies.

Overtaking a cyclist, pedestrian, or horse-drawn vehicle requires a lateral gap of at least 1.5 m outside built-up areas and 1 m inside built-up areas.

Before overtaking: check mirrors, signal, check the blind spot, ensure no vehicle is already overtaking you, and be able to return to the right without forcing others to brake.

A vehicle being overtaken must not accelerate; it should keep right and, where safe, move slightly right to ease the manoeuvre.

Speed limits apply to the whole vehicle combination; a trailer or caravan lowers the permitted maximum (generally 90 km/h on motorways for combinations, check the specific sign).

Legal blood alcohol limit in Luxembourg: 0.5 g/L (0.5 per mille, 0.25 mg/L breath). For novice drivers (probationary licence) and professional drivers the limit is 0.2 g/L.

Above 0.5 g/L: fine and licence withdrawal. Above 0.8 g/L it becomes a criminal offence with possible imprisonment and licence suspension. Refusing a breath test is itself an offence.

Alcohol is eliminated at roughly 0.10-0.15 g/L per hour; coffee, cold air, or food do not speed this up. The only safe rule is not to drink at all.

Driving under the influence of illegal drugs is prohibited with zero tolerance; police may require a saliva test and a blood test. Refusal is punishable.

Medication with a warning pictogram (red or amber triangle) can impair driving; check the leaflet and ask the pharmacist. Combining medication with alcohol multiplies impairment.

Fatigue: after about 2 hours of driving take a break of at least 15 minutes. Symptoms of drowsiness mean stop, not 'push on'.

Illness, epilepsy, diabetes with hypoglycaemia risk, severe sleep apnoea, and significant visual impairment must be declared to the licensing authority; a medical certificate may be required.

Prescribed medication does not exempt you from the offence of driving while unfit; the driver remains responsible for fitness to drive.

Mandatory equipment in Luxembourg: seat belts for all seats, a warning triangle, and a reflective vest accessible from inside the cabin (worn when exiting on the road). A first-aid kit is recommended.

Winter tyres or all-season tyres marked M+S/3PMSF are required in wintry conditions (snow, ice, slush); summer tyres are not permitted then.

Minimum tyre tread depth: 1.6 mm across the central three-quarters of the tread. Tyre pressure must be checked cold; under-inflation increases fuel use and stopping distance.

Lighting: dipped headlights are compulsory at night, in tunnels, in rain, fog, and snow, and whenever visibility is reduced. Front fog lights only in fog/snowfall; rear fog light only when visibility is below 50 m.

Braking system: check brake fluid level and warning light. ABS prevents wheel lock-up and preserves steering, but does not shorten stopping distance on all surfaces.

The warning triangle is placed at least 30 m behind the vehicle on a normal road and further (about 100 m) on a motorway, only if it can be done safely.

Periodic technical inspection (contrôle technique) is required for cars: first inspection 4 years after first registration, then every 2 years. A valid inspection sticker must be displayed.

Towing: a tow rope must be visible (flag) and no longer than necessary; a broken-down vehicle on a motorway must be recovered by a professional breakdown service.

Scan 12-15 seconds ahead in urban areas and further on open roads; keep eyes moving (mirror, road, mirror) rather than fixating on the vehicle in front.

Identify developing hazards early: brake lights, pedestrians near the kerb, cyclists wobbling, parked cars with occupants, ball games on the pavement, and side-road vehicles creeping forward.

In rain, stopping distances roughly double; in ice they can be ten times longer. Reduce speed before the hazard, not during it.

Aquaplaning: ease off the accelerator, hold the steering steady, do not brake hard; grip returns as speed drops.

Tunnel driving: switch on dipped headlights, keep a larger gap, do not stop, and follow the emergency instructions on the radio/signage.

Blind spots: check over the shoulder before changing lanes; mirrors do not cover the area beside the rear quarter.

Overtaking a heavy goods vehicle takes longer and the lorry's blind spot is large; do not linger alongside and return to the right only when the lorry is visible in the mirror.

Defensive principle: assume other road users have not seen you; make eye contact, use signals, and position the vehicle so you can be seen and have an escape route.

Documents to carry or be able to present: driving licence, vehicle registration certificate (carte grise), insurance certificate (or green card), and proof of valid technical inspection.

Third-party liability insurance (responsabilité civile) is mandatory for every motor vehicle; driving uninsured is a criminal offence.

The European accident report (constat amiable) should be completed and signed by both parties after a collision; it records facts, not admissions of guilt.

Driving licence categories: B covers cars up to 3,500 kg with up to 8 passenger seats; a trailer over 750 kg requires B+E or the applicable code.

A vehicle must be registered in Luxembourg and display a valid number plate; change of address or ownership must be declared to the registration authority.

The probationary period for new drivers lasts 3 years in Luxembourg; certain offences trigger additional restrictions or licence withdrawal.

Luxembourg does not operate a points system like France, but serious offences lead to fines, licence suspension, or withdrawal by the court.

If you move to Luxembourg, a valid EU/EEA licence is recognised; a non-EU licence must generally be exchanged within 12 months of taking up residence.

European emergency number 112 works throughout the EU; in Luxembourg it reaches the emergency services. Give location, number of casualties, and hazards.

Protect the scene first: switch on hazard lights, put on the reflective vest, place the warning triangle, and move to a safe place behind the barrier.

Never move an injured person unless there is immediate danger (fire, traffic); suspected spinal injury means keep the head and neck still.

Check responsiveness and breathing; if the casualty is not breathing normally, start CPR (30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths) and use an AED if available.

Control severe bleeding with direct pressure; do not remove an object embedded in a wound.

Do not give food or drink to an injured person; keep them warm and monitor breathing until help arrives.

In a collision with only material damage, move vehicles off the carriageway if possible, exchange details, and complete the constat amiable.

Failing to help a person in danger (non-assistance à personne en danger) is a criminal offence in Luxembourg.

Eco-driving: shift up early (around 2,000-2,500 rpm for petrol, 1,500-2,000 rpm for diesel), keep engine speed low, and use the highest suitable gear.

Anticipate traffic and release the accelerator early; engine braking cuts fuel to near zero while the vehicle is in gear and rolling.

Idling wastes fuel: switch off the engine when stopped for more than about 30 seconds (except in traffic where restarting is unsafe).

Remove roof racks and unnecessary loads; aerodynamic drag and weight raise consumption significantly at motorway speeds.

Correct tyre pressure reduces rolling resistance; under-inflated tyres can increase fuel consumption by several percent.

Air conditioning increases consumption; use it moderately and ventilate with open windows at low speed instead.

Regular servicing (air filter, spark plugs, oil) keeps consumption and emissions low; a faulty lambda sensor or injector raises both.

Electric and hybrid vehicles: regenerative braking recovers energy; smooth acceleration and anticipation maximise range.

Pedestrians on a zebra crossing have absolute priority once they show the intention to cross; approach at a speed that lets you stop.

At junctions, a pedestrian already crossing or about to cross the road you are turning into has priority; give way before completing the turn.

Cyclists may ride side by side in pairs in some circumstances; leave at least 1.5 m when overtaking outside built-up areas and 1 m inside.

Before opening a car door, use the 'Dutch reach' (far hand) to check for cyclists; dooring is a common cause of serious cycling injuries.

Motorcyclists are hard to see at junctions; their small frontal profile means a vehicle can appear to be further away than it is. Do not pull out in front of them.

Heavy goods vehicles have large blind spots (front, sides, rear); never overtake on the right of a lorry indicating right, and do not sit in the area beside the cab.

Lorries and buses need much more space to turn; at a tight junction they may swing wide before turning, so never pass on the inside.

Children, elderly pedestrians, and people with reduced mobility may behave unpredictably; reduce speed near schools, playgrounds, and bus stops.