MD Land Surveyor cheat sheet

Horizontal datum: NAD83 (2011) is the current realization used in Maryland; NAD27 coordinates differ from NAD83 by roughly 100–200 m in the mid-Atlantic, so datum must be stated on every plat and control record.

Vertical datum: NAVD88 replaced NGVD29; the shift in Maryland is on the order of 0.3–1.2 ft, so mixing datums on a topographic survey corrupts drainage and floodplain analysis.

State Plane Coordinate System: Maryland uses two zones, Maryland North (FIPS 1901) and Maryland South (FIPS 1902), both Lambert Conformal Conic with a scale factor that is exactly 1.0 only along the standard parallels.

Grid-to-ground: ground distance = grid distance ÷ combined factor, where combined factor = scale factor × elevation factor; elevation factor ≈ R/(R+h) with R ≈ 20,906,000 ft (6,372,000 m).

Traverse closure: linear error of closure = √(ΔE² + ΔN²); relative precision = linear error ÷ total traverse length, expressed as 1:N.

Angular closure for a closed traverse with n angles: sum of interior angles = (n−2)×180°; misclosure is distributed equally (or by weighted least squares) with opposite sign.

Leveling: collimation error is found by the two-peg test; curvature and refraction correction = 0.0206×M² ft (0.0675×K² m) for sight distance M in hundreds of feet or K in km, subtracted from the rod reading.

Total station EDM: the instrument reports slope distance; horizontal distance = slope distance × cos(zenith angle) or × sin(vertical angle), and the prism constant must match the prism used or a systematic offset results.

Photogrammetry and LiDAR: RMSEz is the vertical accuracy statistic; for a 95% confidence statement, vertical RMSE × 1.9600 approximates the 95% vertical accuracy value under the ASPRS accuracy standards.

Order of evidence in retracement: natural monuments, artificial monuments, courses and distances, then area or quantity - area is the weakest and yields last when a conflict exists.

Original government survey corners control over later resurvey positions; a lost corner is restored by proportionate measurement between the nearest existing original corners, never by simple record bearing and distance from one corner alone.

Proportionate measurement distributes the record distance discrepancy along the line between found corners in the ratio of record distances to each found monument.

Adverse possession in Maryland generally requires actual, open, notorious, exclusive, hostile, and continuous possession for the statutory period of 20 years (Md. Code, Real Prop. §5-103 area/period provisions; §4-111 governs land patents).

Boundary by agreement or acquiescence: a long-recognized, mutual, and unchallenged location of a line by adjoining owners can bind the parties even where the record line differs, provided the agreement is certain and the possession follows it.

Water boundaries: for tidal navigable waters, the boundary is generally mean high water; for non-tidal streams, the boundary of a riparian conveyance typically follows the thread (middle) of the stream unless the deed states otherwise.

Easements: a prescriptive easement requires use that is adverse, under claim of right, exclusive, continuous, and notorious for 20 years; unlike adverse possession, exclusivity is construed less strictly.

Maryland is a recording state for deeds but a race-notice jurisdiction for priorities: a later bona fide purchaser who records first prevails over an earlier unrecorded interest without notice.

A surveyor retracing a subdivision must honor the plat's monuments and lot lines; where plat distances and found monuments conflict, monuments ordinarily prevail and the plat error is documented, not silently corrected.

Coordinate geometry: distance = √((E₂−E₁)² + (N₂−N₁)²); azimuth = atan2(ΔE, ΔN), normalized to 0°–360°.

Bearings: NE quadrant bearing = azimuth; SE = 180° − azimuth; SW = azimuth − 180°; NW = 360° − azimuth. Convert carefully to avoid sign errors.

Area by coordinates (shoelace): 2A = Σ(Eᵢ×Nᵢ₊₁ − Eᵢ₊₁×Nᵢ), taken as absolute value; result is in square feet if coordinates are in feet.

Horizontal curve: T = R·tan(Δ/2); L = R·Δ(radians) = 100·Δ/D where D is degree of curve for arc definition; M = R·(1 − cos(Δ/2)); E = R·(sec(Δ/2) − 1).

Vertical curve: for equal-tangent parabola, elevation at distance x from BVC = E_BVC + g₁x + ((g₂−g₁)/2L)x²; high/low point where x = −g₁L/(g₂−g₁).

Error propagation: for a sum, σ_total = √(σ₁² + σ₂² + …); for independent measurements, random errors combine in quadrature, not by simple addition.

Least squares: residuals are minimized as Σv²; the standard deviation of unit weight σ₀ = √(Σv²/(n−u)), where n is observations and u is unknowns.

Accuracy ratio (relative precision) is a dimensionless 1:N; a 1:10,000 traverse over 5,000 ft permits a closure of 0.5 ft.

Trig check: sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 and tanθ = sinθ/cosθ; use these to catch calculator mode errors (degrees vs. radians) before submitting computations.

Licensure: Maryland licenses land surveyors through the State Board for Professional Land Surveyors (a unit within the Department of Labor, Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing); licensure requires education, experience, and examination per COMAR Title 09.

Seal and signature: a licensed surveyor must sign, seal, and date plats and reports; the seal is the surveyor's own and may not be applied by others or to work the licensee did not prepare or directly supervise.

Minimum standards for plats: Maryland regulations (COMAR 09.13) prescribe content including north arrow, scale, legend, boundary description, monumentation, and the surveyor's certification; omission is a compliance failure, not a style choice.

Boundary survey requirements: monuments set or found must be described by type and size; the basis of bearings must be stated; areas and distances must be shown to a stated precision consistent with the survey.

Continuing education: Maryland requires licensed land surveyors to complete continuing education units each renewal cycle as set by the Board; failure to complete blocks renewal.

Recordation: plats of subdivision are recorded in the land records of the county (or Circuit Court) where the land lies; the surveyor is responsible for the accuracy of the recorded instrument.

Statutes of limitations and repose limit how long a surveyor's professional liability exposure runs; Maryland's general civil limitations period is 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. §5-101), subject to discovery rule.

Ethics and practice: a surveyor may not accept work outside competence, must disclose conflicts, and may not alter another surveyor's monument or plat without authority; tampering with monuments is prohibited by Maryland law.

Floodplain and wetlands: surveys supporting FEMA elevation certificates and tidal wetland permits must reference NAVD88 and the applicable local floodplain ordinance, which may be stricter than the state minimum.

Horizontal datum: NAD83 (2011) is the current realization used in Maryland; NAD27 coordinates differ from NAD83 by roughly 100–200 m in the mid-Atlantic, so datum must be stated on every plat and control record.

Vertical datum: NAVD88 replaced NGVD29; the shift in Maryland is on the order of 0.3–1.2 ft, so mixing datums on a topographic survey corrupts drainage and floodplain analysis.

State Plane Coordinate System: Maryland uses two zones, Maryland North (FIPS 1901) and Maryland South (FIPS 1902), both Lambert Conformal Conic with a scale factor that is exactly 1.0 only along the standard parallels.

Grid-to-ground: ground distance = grid distance ÷ combined factor, where combined factor = scale factor × elevation factor; elevation factor ≈ R/(R+h) with R ≈ 20,906,000 ft (6,372,000 m).

Traverse closure: linear error of closure = √(ΔE² + ΔN²); relative precision = linear error ÷ total traverse length, expressed as 1:N.

Angular closure for a closed traverse with n angles: sum of interior angles = (n−2)×180°; misclosure is distributed equally (or by weighted least squares) with opposite sign.

Leveling: collimation error is found by the two-peg test; curvature and refraction correction = 0.0206×M² ft (0.0675×K² m) for sight distance M in hundreds of feet or K in km, subtracted from the rod reading.

Total station EDM: the instrument reports slope distance; horizontal distance = slope distance × cos(zenith angle) or × sin(vertical angle), and the prism constant must match the prism used or a systematic offset results.

Photogrammetry and LiDAR: RMSEz is the vertical accuracy statistic; for a 95% confidence statement, vertical RMSE × 1.9600 approximates the 95% vertical accuracy value under the ASPRS accuracy standards.

Order of evidence in retracement: natural monuments, artificial monuments, courses and distances, then area or quantity - area is the weakest and yields last when a conflict exists.

Original government survey corners control over later resurvey positions; a lost corner is restored by proportionate measurement between the nearest existing original corners, never by simple record bearing and distance from one corner alone.

Proportionate measurement distributes the record distance discrepancy along the line between found corners in the ratio of record distances to each found monument.

Adverse possession in Maryland generally requires actual, open, notorious, exclusive, hostile, and continuous possession for the statutory period of 20 years (Md. Code, Real Prop. §5-103 area/period provisions; §4-111 governs land patents).

Boundary by agreement or acquiescence: a long-recognized, mutual, and unchallenged location of a line by adjoining owners can bind the parties even where the record line differs, provided the agreement is certain and the possession follows it.

Water boundaries: for tidal navigable waters, the boundary is generally mean high water; for non-tidal streams, the boundary of a riparian conveyance typically follows the thread (middle) of the stream unless the deed states otherwise.

Easements: a prescriptive easement requires use that is adverse, under claim of right, exclusive, continuous, and notorious for 20 years; unlike adverse possession, exclusivity is construed less strictly.

Maryland is a recording state for deeds but a race-notice jurisdiction for priorities: a later bona fide purchaser who records first prevails over an earlier unrecorded interest without notice.

A surveyor retracing a subdivision must honor the plat's monuments and lot lines; where plat distances and found monuments conflict, monuments ordinarily prevail and the plat error is documented, not silently corrected.

Coordinate geometry: distance = √((E₂−E₁)² + (N₂−N₁)²); azimuth = atan2(ΔE, ΔN), normalized to 0°–360°.

Bearings: NE quadrant bearing = azimuth; SE = 180° − azimuth; SW = azimuth − 180°; NW = 360° − azimuth. Convert carefully to avoid sign errors.

Area by coordinates (shoelace): 2A = Σ(Eᵢ×Nᵢ₊₁ − Eᵢ₊₁×Nᵢ), taken as absolute value; result is in square feet if coordinates are in feet.

Horizontal curve: T = R·tan(Δ/2); L = R·Δ(radians) = 100·Δ/D where D is degree of curve for arc definition; M = R·(1 − cos(Δ/2)); E = R·(sec(Δ/2) − 1).

Vertical curve: for equal-tangent parabola, elevation at distance x from BVC = E_BVC + g₁x + ((g₂−g₁)/2L)x²; high/low point where x = −g₁L/(g₂−g₁).

Error propagation: for a sum, σ_total = √(σ₁² + σ₂² + …); for independent measurements, random errors combine in quadrature, not by simple addition.

Least squares: residuals are minimized as Σv²; the standard deviation of unit weight σ₀ = √(Σv²/(n−u)), where n is observations and u is unknowns.

Accuracy ratio (relative precision) is a dimensionless 1:N; a 1:10,000 traverse over 5,000 ft permits a closure of 0.5 ft.

Trig check: sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 and tanθ = sinθ/cosθ; use these to catch calculator mode errors (degrees vs. radians) before submitting computations.

Licensure: Maryland licenses land surveyors through the State Board for Professional Land Surveyors (a unit within the Department of Labor, Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing); licensure requires education, experience, and examination per COMAR Title 09.

Seal and signature: a licensed surveyor must sign, seal, and date plats and reports; the seal is the surveyor's own and may not be applied by others or to work the licensee did not prepare or directly supervise.

Minimum standards for plats: Maryland regulations (COMAR 09.13) prescribe content including north arrow, scale, legend, boundary description, monumentation, and the surveyor's certification; omission is a compliance failure, not a style choice.

Boundary survey requirements: monuments set or found must be described by type and size; the basis of bearings must be stated; areas and distances must be shown to a stated precision consistent with the survey.

Continuing education: Maryland requires licensed land surveyors to complete continuing education units each renewal cycle as set by the Board; failure to complete blocks renewal.

Recordation: plats of subdivision are recorded in the land records of the county (or Circuit Court) where the land lies; the surveyor is responsible for the accuracy of the recorded instrument.

Statutes of limitations and repose limit how long a surveyor's professional liability exposure runs; Maryland's general civil limitations period is 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. §5-101), subject to discovery rule.

Ethics and practice: a surveyor may not accept work outside competence, must disclose conflicts, and may not alter another surveyor's monument or plat without authority; tampering with monuments is prohibited by Maryland law.

Floodplain and wetlands: surveys supporting FEMA elevation certificates and tidal wetland permits must reference NAVD88 and the applicable local floodplain ordinance, which may be stricter than the state minimum.

Horizontal datum: NAD83 (2011) is the current realization used in Maryland; NAD27 coordinates differ from NAD83 by roughly 100–200 m in the mid-Atlantic, so datum must be stated on every plat and control record.

Vertical datum: NAVD88 replaced NGVD29; the shift in Maryland is on the order of 0.3–1.2 ft, so mixing datums on a topographic survey corrupts drainage and floodplain analysis.

State Plane Coordinate System: Maryland uses two zones, Maryland North (FIPS 1901) and Maryland South (FIPS 1902), both Lambert Conformal Conic with a scale factor that is exactly 1.0 only along the standard parallels.

Grid-to-ground: ground distance = grid distance ÷ combined factor, where combined factor = scale factor × elevation factor; elevation factor ≈ R/(R+h) with R ≈ 20,906,000 ft (6,372,000 m).

Traverse closure: linear error of closure = √(ΔE² + ΔN²); relative precision = linear error ÷ total traverse length, expressed as 1:N.

Angular closure for a closed traverse with n angles: sum of interior angles = (n−2)×180°; misclosure is distributed equally (or by weighted least squares) with opposite sign.

Leveling: collimation error is found by the two-peg test; curvature and refraction correction = 0.0206×M² ft (0.0675×K² m) for sight distance M in hundreds of feet or K in km, subtracted from the rod reading.

Total station EDM: the instrument reports slope distance; horizontal distance = slope distance × cos(zenith angle) or × sin(vertical angle), and the prism constant must match the prism used or a systematic offset results.

Photogrammetry and LiDAR: RMSEz is the vertical accuracy statistic; for a 95% confidence statement, vertical RMSE × 1.9600 approximates the 95% vertical accuracy value under the ASPRS accuracy standards.

Order of evidence in retracement: natural monuments, artificial monuments, courses and distances, then area or quantity - area is the weakest and yields last when a conflict exists.

Original government survey corners control over later resurvey positions; a lost corner is restored by proportionate measurement between the nearest existing original corners, never by simple record bearing and distance from one corner alone.

Proportionate measurement distributes the record distance discrepancy along the line between found corners in the ratio of record distances to each found monument.

Adverse possession in Maryland generally requires actual, open, notorious, exclusive, hostile, and continuous possession for the statutory period of 20 years (Md. Code, Real Prop. §5-103 area/period provisions; §4-111 governs land patents).

Boundary by agreement or acquiescence: a long-recognized, mutual, and unchallenged location of a line by adjoining owners can bind the parties even where the record line differs, provided the agreement is certain and the possession follows it.

Water boundaries: for tidal navigable waters, the boundary is generally mean high water; for non-tidal streams, the boundary of a riparian conveyance typically follows the thread (middle) of the stream unless the deed states otherwise.

Easements: a prescriptive easement requires use that is adverse, under claim of right, exclusive, continuous, and notorious for 20 years; unlike adverse possession, exclusivity is construed less strictly.

Maryland is a recording state for deeds but a race-notice jurisdiction for priorities: a later bona fide purchaser who records first prevails over an earlier unrecorded interest without notice.

A surveyor retracing a subdivision must honor the plat's monuments and lot lines; where plat distances and found monuments conflict, monuments ordinarily prevail and the plat error is documented, not silently corrected.

Coordinate geometry: distance = √((E₂−E₁)² + (N₂−N₁)²); azimuth = atan2(ΔE, ΔN), normalized to 0°–360°.

Bearings: NE quadrant bearing = azimuth; SE = 180° − azimuth; SW = azimuth − 180°; NW = 360° − azimuth. Convert carefully to avoid sign errors.

Area by coordinates (shoelace): 2A = Σ(Eᵢ×Nᵢ₊₁ − Eᵢ₊₁×Nᵢ), taken as absolute value; result is in square feet if coordinates are in feet.

Horizontal curve: T = R·tan(Δ/2); L = R·Δ(radians) = 100·Δ/D where D is degree of curve for arc definition; M = R·(1 − cos(Δ/2)); E = R·(sec(Δ/2) − 1).

Vertical curve: for equal-tangent parabola, elevation at distance x from BVC = E_BVC + g₁x + ((g₂−g₁)/2L)x²; high/low point where x = −g₁L/(g₂−g₁).

Error propagation: for a sum, σ_total = √(σ₁² + σ₂² + …); for independent measurements, random errors combine in quadrature, not by simple addition.

Least squares: residuals are minimized as Σv²; the standard deviation of unit weight σ₀ = √(Σv²/(n−u)), where n is observations and u is unknowns.

Accuracy ratio (relative precision) is a dimensionless 1:N; a 1:10,000 traverse over 5,000 ft permits a closure of 0.5 ft.

Trig check: sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 and tanθ = sinθ/cosθ; use these to catch calculator mode errors (degrees vs. radians) before submitting computations.

Licensure: Maryland licenses land surveyors through the State Board for Professional Land Surveyors (a unit within the Department of Labor, Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing); licensure requires education, experience, and examination per COMAR Title 09.

Seal and signature: a licensed surveyor must sign, seal, and date plats and reports; the seal is the surveyor's own and may not be applied by others or to work the licensee did not prepare or directly supervise.

Minimum standards for plats: Maryland regulations (COMAR 09.13) prescribe content including north arrow, scale, legend, boundary description, monumentation, and the surveyor's certification; omission is a compliance failure, not a style choice.

Boundary survey requirements: monuments set or found must be described by type and size; the basis of bearings must be stated; areas and distances must be shown to a stated precision consistent with the survey.

Continuing education: Maryland requires licensed land surveyors to complete continuing education units each renewal cycle as set by the Board; failure to complete blocks renewal.

Recordation: plats of subdivision are recorded in the land records of the county (or Circuit Court) where the land lies; the surveyor is responsible for the accuracy of the recorded instrument.

Statutes of limitations and repose limit how long a surveyor's professional liability exposure runs; Maryland's general civil limitations period is 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. §5-101), subject to discovery rule.

Ethics and practice: a surveyor may not accept work outside competence, must disclose conflicts, and may not alter another surveyor's monument or plat without authority; tampering with monuments is prohibited by Maryland law.

Floodplain and wetlands: surveys supporting FEMA elevation certificates and tidal wetland permits must reference NAVD88 and the applicable local floodplain ordinance, which may be stricter than the state minimum.

Horizontal datum: NAD83 (2011) is the current realization used in Maryland; NAD27 coordinates differ from NAD83 by roughly 100–200 m in the mid-Atlantic, so datum must be stated on every plat and control record.

Vertical datum: NAVD88 replaced NGVD29; the shift in Maryland is on the order of 0.3–1.2 ft, so mixing datums on a topographic survey corrupts drainage and floodplain analysis.

State Plane Coordinate System: Maryland uses two zones, Maryland North (FIPS 1901) and Maryland South (FIPS 1902), both Lambert Conformal Conic with a scale factor that is exactly 1.0 only along the standard parallels.

Grid-to-ground: ground distance = grid distance ÷ combined factor, where combined factor = scale factor × elevation factor; elevation factor ≈ R/(R+h) with R ≈ 20,906,000 ft (6,372,000 m).

Traverse closure: linear error of closure = √(ΔE² + ΔN²); relative precision = linear error ÷ total traverse length, expressed as 1:N.

Angular closure for a closed traverse with n angles: sum of interior angles = (n−2)×180°; misclosure is distributed equally (or by weighted least squares) with opposite sign.

Leveling: collimation error is found by the two-peg test; curvature and refraction correction = 0.0206×M² ft (0.0675×K² m) for sight distance M in hundreds of feet or K in km, subtracted from the rod reading.

Total station EDM: the instrument reports slope distance; horizontal distance = slope distance × cos(zenith angle) or × sin(vertical angle), and the prism constant must match the prism used or a systematic offset results.

Photogrammetry and LiDAR: RMSEz is the vertical accuracy statistic; for a 95% confidence statement, vertical RMSE × 1.9600 approximates the 95% vertical accuracy value under the ASPRS accuracy standards.

Order of evidence in retracement: natural monuments, artificial monuments, courses and distances, then area or quantity - area is the weakest and yields last when a conflict exists.

Original government survey corners control over later resurvey positions; a lost corner is restored by proportionate measurement between the nearest existing original corners, never by simple record bearing and distance from one corner alone.

Proportionate measurement distributes the record distance discrepancy along the line between found corners in the ratio of record distances to each found monument.

Adverse possession in Maryland generally requires actual, open, notorious, exclusive, hostile, and continuous possession for the statutory period of 20 years (Md. Code, Real Prop. §5-103 area/period provisions; §4-111 governs land patents).

Boundary by agreement or acquiescence: a long-recognized, mutual, and unchallenged location of a line by adjoining owners can bind the parties even where the record line differs, provided the agreement is certain and the possession follows it.

Water boundaries: for tidal navigable waters, the boundary is generally mean high water; for non-tidal streams, the boundary of a riparian conveyance typically follows the thread (middle) of the stream unless the deed states otherwise.

Easements: a prescriptive easement requires use that is adverse, under claim of right, exclusive, continuous, and notorious for 20 years; unlike adverse possession, exclusivity is construed less strictly.

Maryland is a recording state for deeds but a race-notice jurisdiction for priorities: a later bona fide purchaser who records first prevails over an earlier unrecorded interest without notice.

A surveyor retracing a subdivision must honor the plat's monuments and lot lines; where plat distances and found monuments conflict, monuments ordinarily prevail and the plat error is documented, not silently corrected.

Coordinate geometry: distance = √((E₂−E₁)² + (N₂−N₁)²); azimuth = atan2(ΔE, ΔN), normalized to 0°–360°.

Bearings: NE quadrant bearing = azimuth; SE = 180° − azimuth; SW = azimuth − 180°; NW = 360° − azimuth. Convert carefully to avoid sign errors.

Area by coordinates (shoelace): 2A = Σ(Eᵢ×Nᵢ₊₁ − Eᵢ₊₁×Nᵢ), taken as absolute value; result is in square feet if coordinates are in feet.

Horizontal curve: T = R·tan(Δ/2); L = R·Δ(radians) = 100·Δ/D where D is degree of curve for arc definition; M = R·(1 − cos(Δ/2)); E = R·(sec(Δ/2) − 1).

Vertical curve: for equal-tangent parabola, elevation at distance x from BVC = E_BVC + g₁x + ((g₂−g₁)/2L)x²; high/low point where x = −g₁L/(g₂−g₁).

Error propagation: for a sum, σ_total = √(σ₁² + σ₂² + …); for independent measurements, random errors combine in quadrature, not by simple addition.

Least squares: residuals are minimized as Σv²; the standard deviation of unit weight σ₀ = √(Σv²/(n−u)), where n is observations and u is unknowns.

Accuracy ratio (relative precision) is a dimensionless 1:N; a 1:10,000 traverse over 5,000 ft permits a closure of 0.5 ft.

Trig check: sin²θ + cos²θ = 1 and tanθ = sinθ/cosθ; use these to catch calculator mode errors (degrees vs. radians) before submitting computations.

Licensure: Maryland licenses land surveyors through the State Board for Professional Land Surveyors (a unit within the Department of Labor, Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing); licensure requires education, experience, and examination per COMAR Title 09.

Seal and signature: a licensed surveyor must sign, seal, and date plats and reports; the seal is the surveyor's own and may not be applied by others or to work the licensee did not prepare or directly supervise.

Minimum standards for plats: Maryland regulations (COMAR 09.13) prescribe content including north arrow, scale, legend, boundary description, monumentation, and the surveyor's certification; omission is a compliance failure, not a style choice.

Boundary survey requirements: monuments set or found must be described by type and size; the basis of bearings must be stated; areas and distances must be shown to a stated precision consistent with the survey.

Continuing education: Maryland requires licensed land surveyors to complete continuing education units each renewal cycle as set by the Board; failure to complete blocks renewal.

Recordation: plats of subdivision are recorded in the land records of the county (or Circuit Court) where the land lies; the surveyor is responsible for the accuracy of the recorded instrument.

Statutes of limitations and repose limit how long a surveyor's professional liability exposure runs; Maryland's general civil limitations period is 3 years (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. §5-101), subject to discovery rule.

Ethics and practice: a surveyor may not accept work outside competence, must disclose conflicts, and may not alter another surveyor's monument or plat without authority; tampering with monuments is prohibited by Maryland law.

Floodplain and wetlands: surveys supporting FEMA elevation certificates and tidal wetland permits must reference NAVD88 and the applicable local floodplain ordinance, which may be stricter than the state minimum.