MD Pesticide Applicator flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Restricted-entry interval

The minimum time that must pass after a pesticide application before workers may enter the treated area without the protective equipment specified on the label. REIs are enforced under the Worker Protection Standard.

Signal word DANGER-POISON

The most toxic label category, assigned when the acute oral LD50 is 50 mg/kg or less and paired with the skull-and-crossbones symbol. These products require extreme care and the strictest label PPE.

Tolerance

The maximum pesticide residue concentration legally permitted on or in a food or feed commodity at harvest. Tolerances are set by EPA, and residues above the tolerance make the food adulterated and illegal to sell.

Section 2(ee) recommendation

A written recommendation allowing a registered pesticide to be used at less than the labeled rate or against a pest not listed, but only on a site or crop that already appears on the label.

Preharvest interval

The minimum number of days that must pass between the last pesticide application and harvest of the crop. Harvesting before the PHI violates the label and may leave illegal residues.

Economic threshold

The pest population level at which the value of the crop loss that would be prevented equals the cost of control. Treatment is economically justified at or above this level.

Mode-of-action rotation

Alternating pesticides from different WSSA, IRAC, or FRAC mode-of-action groups across applications or seasons so that resistant individuals are not selectively favored by repeated exposure to one chemistry.

Herbicide carryover

Injury to a rotational crop caused by a soil-residual herbicide that persists after the treated crop is harvested. Labeled recropping intervals and a bioassay of suspect soil reduce the risk.

Turf 1/1000 acre calibration

A measured plot of 43.56 square feet, which is one one-thousandth of an acre. Ounces of spray collected on that area equal gallons per 1000 square feet.

Crabgrass preemergent timing

Apply preemergent crabgrass herbicides before germination, cued by soil temperature of 50-55 degrees F at 2-inch depth for 3 to 5 days, or by forsythia full bloom.

Turf phytotoxicity risk

The chance of herbicide or fungicide injury to turf, which increases above roughly 85-90 degrees F, with high humidity, on wet foliage, or when oils or surfactants are added.

Basal bark treatment

A brush-control method that applies an oil-carrier herbicide to the lower 12-18 inches of a woody stem. It works best on dry bark of stems under about 6 inches in diameter.

Cut-stump treatment

Applying herbicide to the freshly cut cambial surface of a stump immediately after felling, before the vascular tissue seals, to prevent resprouting of the treated tree.

Late-summer brush timing

Herbicide applied to woody plants in late summer or early fall is translocated toward the roots along with carbohydrates, giving better control than spring applications made during upward sap flow.

NPDES aquatic permit

A federal permit required for pesticide applications to waters of the United States, issued through a state general permit such as Maryland's, with required notification and recordkeeping.

Dissolved oxygen crash

A fish kill that occurs when a large mass of treated aquatic vegetation decomposes and bacteria consume oxygen. Treat no more than about one-third of the vegetated area at a time.

Aquatic-approved adjuvant

A surfactant or other additive whose label lists aquatic use sites. Ordinary agricultural adjuvants are not automatically legal in water and may be toxic to fish and invertebrates.

Ultra-low-volume adulticide

A mosquito adulticide applied as very fine droplets, roughly 10-30 microns, so the spray stays airborne and contacts flying mosquitoes. Applications are made at dawn or dusk.

Bti larvicide

Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, a biological larvicide that kills mosquito larvae after they ingest the toxin. It is specific to dipteran larvae and has low non-target toxicity.

Anticoagulant secondary poisoning

Illness in hawks, owls, pets, or other predators that eat rodents carrying anticoagulant rodenticide. Tamper-resistant bait stations and carcass removal reduce the risk.

Crack and crevice application

Placing pesticide into narrow openings such as wall voids, behind baseboards, or in cabinet gaps, so the product is inaccessible to people and pets. The label must permit this method.

Termiticide trench volume

A common labeled soil-treatment standard of about 4 gallons of finished termiticide solution per 10 linear feet of trench per foot of depth, plus rodding or vertical barriers as directed.

Cockroach bait aversion

Behavior in which cockroaches avoid a bait matrix after exposure, often from repeated use of one formulation. Rotating bait matrices and active ingredients restores control and prevents resistance.

Rodent exclusion

Sealing entry points with materials rodents cannot gnaw through, such as hardware cloth and metal flashing, so rodents are physically prevented from entering a structure. It is the first step in rodent IPM.

AWPA retention

The amount of preservative, expressed in pounds per cubic foot, that treated wood must contain for a given use category, along with the penetration depth required by the standard.

Field cut treatment

Brushing copper naphthenate or another labeled preservative onto cut ends, notches, and drilled holes in pressure-treated lumber to restore protection where untreated wood is exposed.

CCA treated wood

Chromated copper arsenate, a restricted-use waterborne wood preservative. It is no longer used for most residential structures, and treated wood should never be burned.

Fumigation Management Plan

A written plan required for structural fumigation that documents the site, sealing method, dosage, monitoring, aeration, clearance, and safety procedures before the fumigant is released.

Phosphine fumigant

A fumigant, usually aluminum or magnesium phosphide, that releases hydrogen phosphide gas on contact with moisture. It is used for grain and commodities and is corrosive to copper.

Sulfuryl fluoride

An odorless structural fumigant with no warning properties, used for whole-structure insect control. Monitoring devices, strict posting, and documented clearance are essential before re-entry.

Aerial wind and inversion limit

Aerial pesticide applications are prohibited during temperature inversions and when wind exceeds the label limit, typically 10 mph, because fine droplets will drift off the target area.

Treated seed restriction

Seed treated with pesticide must be colored and labeled as treated, and it may never be used for human food, animal feed, or oil. Surplus seed is disposed of according to the label.