Cargo and Vehicle Loading
Cargo and vehicle loading questions cover weight limits, securement rules, load distribution, and en-route inspections. The exam expects numbers, not just tie it down.
Weight
Respect the gross vehicle weight rating, gross axle weight ratings, tire ratings, and bridge limits. Load the trailer so the steer axle is not overloaded and the drive axles carry enough for traction. Scale the vehicle when in doubt.
Securement
Use at least one tiedown for every 10 feet of cargo length, with a minimum of two. The aggregate working load limit of the tiedowns must be at least 50% of the cargo weight. Use a headboard, blocking, or shoring to keep cargo from sliding forward. Do not block lights, plates, or emergency exits, and do not let cargo shift into the cab.
En route
Check the load within the first 50 miles, then every 150 miles or 3 hours, and after any hard braking or rough road. Look for shifted loads, loose straps, and hot tires.
Worked example
A 24-foot flatbed carries 12,000 pounds of lumber. Length rule: one tiedown per 10 feet gives three tiedowns. WLL rule: 50% of 12,000 is 6,000 pounds aggregate. Two tiedowns rated 2,000 pounds each give only 4,000 pounds and fail the WLL rule, even though the count might look adequate. Use four 2,000-pound tiedowns, or three rated at 2,000 pounds or more each.
Traps
Counting tiedowns without adding their working load limits; skipping the 50-mile check; overloading the steer axle; and assuming a tarp secures the load.