First aid and emergency response
What this domain tests
First aid and emergency response questions test the protect–call–help sequence, basic life support, bleeding control and your duties at a crash scene. The exam expects simple, safe actions, not improvised medicine.
At the scene
- Protect the scene: switch off ignitions if safe, set warning triangles, wear a high-visibility vest and keep bystanders back.
- Call 112, the unified emergency number; the ambulance service can also be reached on 194. Give the exact location, number of casualties, hazards and your callback number.
- Do not move an injured person unless there is immediate danger such as fire or traffic. If they are unconscious but breathing, place them in the recovery position and monitor breathing.
- If they are not breathing normally, start CPR: 30 chest compressions to 2 rescue breaths, compressions 5–6 cm deep at 100–120 per minute. Use an AED as soon as available.
- Control severe bleeding with direct pressure. Do not remove embedded objects. Do not give food or drink.
Worked example
You find an adult unconscious after a motorcycle crash. The scene is safe. They do not respond and are not breathing normally. Call 112, ask someone to bring an AED, and begin chest compressions. Do not spend time searching for a pulse. Continue 30:2 until the ambulance arrives or the person starts breathing.
Traps that cost marks
Giving water to an injured person; moving everyone “to be safe”; removing a helmet unnecessarily; delaying the call to take photos; and stopping CPR too early.