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Mongolia Certified Construction Engineer practice questions

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Question 1Building structures and structural design

Under Mongolian design practice for reinforced concrete beams, which parameter primarily governs the minimum area of longitudinal tension reinforcement in a rectangular section?

  1. The full gross concrete area multiplied by a fixed coefficient of 0.5 percent
  2. The ratio of concrete tensile strength to steel yield strength, applied to the effective cross-section Correct answer.
  3. The beam span divided by the effective depth without regard to material strengths
  4. The service live load divided by the characteristic concrete cylinder strength

Explanation

Minimum tension steel is set so the section resists cracking without brittle failure, which depends on the concrete tensile strength relative to the steel yield strength applied to the effective tension zone. It is not a fixed percentage of the gross section, nor a span-based rule, nor a load-to-strength ratio.

Question 2Building structures and structural design

A simply supported reinforced concrete slab spans 4.0 m and carries a characteristic variable action of 2.0 kPa. What additional deflection check is normally required beyond strength verification?

  1. Verification that the neutral axis remains above the compression face
  2. Verification that crack width exceeds 0.3 mm
  3. Verification that total deflection including long-term effects stays within a span-based limit Correct answer.
  4. Verification that the slab natural frequency exceeds 5 Hz

Explanation

Serviceability for slabs requires limiting total deflection (immediate plus long-term, including creep and shrinkage) to a fraction of the span, typically span/250 or span/350 depending on the element. Natural frequency, deliberate crack width exceedance, and neutral axis position are not deflection acceptance criteria.

Question 3Building structures and structural design

In structural steel design, why is a partial safety factor greater than unity applied to permanent actions when they are unfavorable?

  1. To account for possible underestimation of self-weight and finishes and for model uncertainty Correct answer.
  2. To reduce the design value of material strength
  3. To compensate for the ductility of the steel section
  4. To convert permanent actions into equivalent variable actions

Explanation

Permanent actions are estimated from densities and detailing, so deviations and modelling uncertainty exist; the partial factor covers unfavorable deviation. It does not convert action types, relate to steel ductility, or act on material resistance.

Question 4Building structures and structural design

Which statement correctly describes the purpose of lateral bracing in a steel beam system?

  1. It eliminates the need to check shear resistance
  2. It reduces the unbraced length, raising the resistance against lateral-torsional buckling Correct answer.
  3. It increases the elastic modulus of the beam material
  4. It converts bending moment into axial compression

Explanation

Lateral bracing restrains the compression flange, reducing the unbraced length used in lateral-torsional buckling checks and thereby increasing bending resistance. It does not alter the elastic modulus, remove shear checks, or change the moment into axial force.

Question 5Building structures and structural design

For a masonry wall in a low-rise building, which factor most directly controls the permissible slenderness ratio?

  1. The colour and surface texture of the masonry units
  2. The number of windows in the adjacent facade
  3. The wall thickness relative to its effective height and the eccentricity of the applied load Correct answer.
  4. The thermal conductivity of the insulation

Explanation

Slenderness limits for masonry walls depend on effective height to thickness ratio and on load eccentricity, since these govern second-order effects and stability. Appearance, adjacent openings, and insulation properties do not define the slenderness limit.

Question 6Building structures and structural design

A reinforced concrete column is subjected to a factored axial load and a small bending moment about one axis. Which design approach is appropriate?

  1. Design as a short column using an interaction diagram combining axial load and moment Correct answer.
  2. Design as a beam in pure bending and ignore axial load
  3. Design using the tensile strength of concrete as the governing resistance
  4. Design using axial capacity alone and ignore the moment because it is small

Explanation

Columns with combined axial load and moment must be checked against an axial load–moment interaction diagram, which captures the combined effect. Ignoring either action or relying on concrete tension is unsafe and inconsistent with column behaviour.

Question 7Building structures and structural design

What is the main structural function of a shear wall in a multi-storey building?

  1. To improve the thermal insulation of the envelope
  2. To carry only vertical floor loads to the foundations
  3. To reduce the self-weight of the floor slabs
  4. To provide in-plane lateral stiffness and resistance to wind and seismic actions Correct answer.

Explanation

Shear walls act as vertical cantilevers or coupled elements that resist lateral loads through in-plane shear and bending, providing stiffness and strength for wind and seismic demands. They are not primarily vertical-load-only members, nor weight or insulation devices.

Question 8Building structures and structural design

In limit state design, which pair of limit states must both be verified for a building structure?

  1. Construction cost limit state and aesthetic limit state
  2. Fatigue limit state and thermal comfort limit state
  3. Fire limit state and acoustic limit state only
  4. Ultimate limit states for safety and serviceability limit states for function Correct answer.

Explanation

Limit state design requires verification of ultimate limit states, which concern safety against collapse, and serviceability limit states, which concern deflection, vibration, and cracking affecting use. Cost, aesthetics, acoustics, and thermal comfort are not structural limit states.

Question 9Building structures and structural design

A reinforced concrete beam has an effective depth of 500 mm and a neutral axis depth of 250 mm at the ultimate limit state. What does this indicate about the section behaviour?

  1. The section is over-reinforced and may fail without sufficient ductility warning Correct answer.
  2. The section is under-reinforced and will show ductile tension failure
  3. The section is unreinforced and resists load through concrete tension
  4. The section is balanced and steel yields exactly as concrete crushes

Explanation

A neutral axis depth equal to half the effective depth corresponds to a high reinforcement ratio near or beyond the balanced condition, indicating over-reinforcement and reduced ductility. Under-reinforced sections have a much smaller neutral axis depth because the steel yields well before concrete crushing.

Question 10Building structures and structural design

A steel column of effective length 6.0 m has a radius of gyration of 60 mm about the weak axis. Which statement about its buckling behaviour is correct?

  1. The slenderness ratio cannot be determined without the yield strength
  2. The slenderness ratio is 10, so buckling is not a concern
  3. The slenderness ratio is 360, so the column is stocky
  4. The slenderness ratio is 100, so buckling about the weak axis governs Correct answer.

Explanation

Slenderness is effective length divided by radius of gyration, giving 6000/60 = 100, a value at which buckling must be checked and the weak axis governs. Yield strength affects the buckling curve and resistance but not the geometric slenderness ratio.

Question 11Building structures and structural design

Why are moment-resisting frames often combined with shear walls in seismic regions?

  1. The frame provides ductile energy dissipation while the wall limits inter-storey drift Correct answer.
  2. The combination removes the need for foundation design
  3. The wall carries all gravity load so the frame can be slender
  4. The frame prevents the wall from resisting any lateral load

Explanation

Dual systems use the frame for ductile energy dissipation and redundancy while the stiffer wall controls drift and protects non-structural elements. The wall does not take all gravity load, nor does the frame suppress wall participation, and foundations remain essential.

Question 12Building structures and structural design

A cantilever retaining wall is to be designed. Which stability check is most critical when the wall retains saturated granular backfill?

  1. Sliding resistance at the base relative to the horizontal earth thrust Correct answer.
  2. Fatigue of the stem reinforcement under traffic loading
  3. Buckling of the wall stem about its vertical axis
  4. Thermal expansion of the backfill material

Explanation

For a retaining wall, sliding, overturning, and bearing are the primary stability checks; with saturated granular backfill the horizontal thrust is large, making sliding resistance at the base critical. Stem buckling, reinforcement fatigue, and backfill thermal expansion are not governing stability modes.

Question 13Building structures and structural design

In the design of a simply supported one-way slab, why is distribution reinforcement placed perpendicular to the main bars?

  1. To resist the entire bending moment in place of the main bars
  2. To provide anchorage for the main reinforcement
  3. To increase the flexural capacity in the main span direction
  4. To control cracking and distribute localized loads in the transverse direction Correct answer.

Explanation

Distribution steel runs transverse to the main bars to control shrinkage and temperature cracking and to spread concentrated loads across the slab width. It does not add main-direction flexural capacity, replace main bars, or serve as anchorage.

Question 14Building structures and structural design

A steel beam is laterally unrestrained over its full span. Which failure mode must be checked in addition to yielding?

  1. Local buckling of the tension flange only
  2. Lateral-torsional buckling of the compression flange Correct answer.
  3. Shear yielding of the tension flange
  4. Bearing failure of the web at midspan

Explanation

An unrestrained compression flange can displace laterally and twist, causing lateral-torsional buckling before the full plastic moment is reached. Tension flange local buckling, tension flange shear yielding, and midspan web bearing are not the governing modes for this condition.

Question 15Building structures and structural design

Which factor most strongly reduces the seismic base shear transmitted to a building founded on soft soil compared with rigid soil, assuming identical superstructure?

  1. Soil-structure interaction lengthening the effective period and adding radiation damping Correct answer.
  2. A decrease in the building occupancy category
  3. An increase in the concrete compressive strength
  4. A reduction in the number of internal partitions

Explanation

Flexible soil allows foundation rotation and translation, lengthening the effective period and adding radiation damping, which can reduce spectral acceleration and base shear. Concrete strength, partitions, and occupancy category do not by themselves reduce the seismic demand in this manner.

Question 16Building structures and structural design

In a reinforced concrete frame, why must the column strength exceed the beam strength at a joint in a seismic design?

  1. To eliminate the need for joint confinement
  2. To promote a strong-column weak-beam mechanism with ductile beam hinging rather than column hinging Correct answer.
  3. To allow the beam to be designed without shear reinforcement
  4. To ensure the column carries no bending moment

Explanation

Capacity design requires columns stronger than adjacent beams so plastic hinges form in beams, providing a ductile global mechanism and avoiding storey collapse from column hinging. It does not remove column moments, beam shear design, or joint confinement requirements.

Question 17Building structures and structural design

A timber floor joist spans 3.5 m and supports a plaster ceiling. Which serviceability criterion is most relevant?

  1. Limiting the joist natural frequency to below 1 Hz
  2. Limiting deflection to control cracking of the plaster ceiling Correct answer.
  3. Limiting the timber moisture content to zero
  4. Limiting the joist compressive strength

Explanation

Deflection of the joist under load can crack brittle finishes such as plaster ceilings, so a deflection limit is the relevant serviceability criterion. Zero moisture content is unattainable, low frequency limits are not a design target, and compressive strength is a resistance property rather than a serviceability limit.

Question 18Building structures and structural design

Which statement about the design of a reinforced concrete deep beam is correct?

  1. Deflection is always the governing design criterion
  2. Shear reinforcement is never required in deep beams
  3. Standard beam bending theory applies without modification
  4. Plane sections do not remain plane, so strut-and-tie modelling is appropriate Correct answer.

Explanation

In deep beams the span-to-depth ratio is small, strain distribution is nonlinear, and load is carried by arch or strut action, so strut-and-tie models are used. Standard flexural theory is not valid, shear reinforcement is often needed, and deflection rarely governs.

Question 19Building structures and structural design

A steel truss joint connects five members. Which design consideration is most important for the connection?

  1. Using the largest member force only and ignoring the others
  2. Checking the combined effect of all member forces at the joint and the resulting bolt or weld group Correct answer.
  3. Ignoring eccentricity because trusses are pin-jointed
  4. Designing each member connection independently of the others

Explanation

At a multi-member joint the forces interact, and the connection must be checked for the resultant force and moment on the bolt or weld group, including eccentricity from the actual joint geometry. Treating members independently or using only the largest force can underestimate the demand.

Question 20Building structures and structural design

In the seismic design of a masonry building, why are horizontal ring beams provided at floor levels?

  1. To reduce the thermal mass of the walls
  2. To replace the need for vertical reinforcement
  3. To tie the walls together and distribute lateral forces, improving box-like behaviour Correct answer.
  4. To increase the vertical load on the walls

Explanation

Ring beams act as ties that connect orthogonal walls and distribute seismic forces, helping the building behave as a box and preventing out-of-plane failure. They do not intentionally increase vertical load, replace vertical reinforcement, or reduce thermal mass.

Question 21Building structures and structural design

A reinforced concrete beam is designed with a shear span-to-depth ratio of 2.0. Which shear transfer mechanism is most significant?

  1. Diagonal concrete compression combined with aggregate interlock and dowel action Correct answer.
  2. Direct bearing of the beam on the support
  3. Pure flexural tension in the longitudinal bars
  4. Torsion of the beam cross-section

Explanation

At moderate shear span-to-depth ratios, shear is carried by a combination of diagonal compression in the concrete, aggregate interlock along inclined cracks, and dowel action of longitudinal bars. Flexural tension, end bearing, and torsion are different actions and do not describe this shear mechanism.

Question 22Building structures and structural design

A building site in Ulaanbaatar has seasonal frozen ground. Which foundation design consideration is most important?

  1. Increasing the concrete grade to reduce creep
  2. Increasing the floor live load allowance
  3. Placing the foundation base below the frost penetration depth or providing frost protection Correct answer.
  4. Reducing the number of expansion joints

Explanation

Frost heave can lift shallow foundations, so the base should be below the frost depth or protected against freezing. Concrete creep, expansion joints, and live load allowance address different phenomena and do not prevent frost heave.

Question 23Building structures and structural design

A reinforced concrete column is slender and subjected to sustained axial load. Which additional effect must be included in design?

  1. An increase in steel yield strength due to confinement
  2. Second-order moments from lateral deflection amplified by the axial load Correct answer.
  3. A reduction in concrete density with time
  4. A decrease in the effective length due to creep

Explanation

Slender columns deflect laterally under load, and the axial force acting on this deflection produces additional moments that must be amplified in design. Creep may increase deflection and thus second-order effects; it does not reduce concrete density, raise yield strength, or shorten effective length.

Question 24Building structures and structural design

A steel plate girder has a slender web. Which phenomenon limits the shear capacity before the full web yield strength is reached?

  1. Bearing failure of the flange-to-web weld
  2. Shear buckling of the web panel, resisted by transverse stiffeners Correct answer.
  3. Yielding of the compression flange at midspan
  4. Tension rupture of the bottom flange

Explanation

Slender webs buckle in shear before yielding, and transverse stiffeners create panel action with tension-field behaviour that restores post-buckling capacity. Flange yielding, weld bearing, and flange rupture are different limit states not governing shear capacity of the web panel.

Question 25Building structures and structural design

In performance-based seismic design, a building is assigned a collapse prevention performance level for the maximum considered earthquake. What does this imply for the acceptance criteria?

  1. Limited structural damage is permitted provided life safety is maintained and collapse is prevented Correct answer.
  2. The building must remain fully operational with no damage
  3. Non-structural components must suffer no damage
  4. All structural members must remain elastic under the maximum considered earthquake

Explanation

Collapse prevention accepts significant structural damage as long as the structure retains enough integrity to prevent collapse and protect life safety. It does not require elastic response, full operability, or undamaged non-structural elements, which correspond to higher performance levels.

Question 26Building structures and structural design

In limit state design of a reinforced concrete flexural member, the balanced failure condition corresponds to which situation at ultimate limit state?

  1. Concrete crushing and steel yielding occur simultaneously Correct answer.
  2. Both concrete and steel remain elastic throughout loading
  3. Concrete crushes before the tension steel yields
  4. Steel yields while concrete stress remains far below its strength

Explanation

The balanced section is defined as the strain state where the tension reinforcement reaches its yield strain at exactly the same moment the extreme compression fibre reaches the ultimate concrete strain. This condition separates tension-controlled (ductile) from compression-controlled (brittle) behaviour. Design codes limit the neutral axis depth to keep sections tension-controlled and ductile.

Question 27Building structures and structural design

A simply supported reinforced concrete beam of span 6.0 m carries a uniformly distributed load. Which support condition determines the effective span used for bending moment calculation?

  1. Effective span taken as the lesser of centre-to-centre support distance and clear span plus effective depth Correct answer.
  2. Clear span between the inner faces of supports
  3. Overall length of the beam including the embedded ends
  4. Distance between the outer faces of the supports

Explanation

Codes define the effective span as the smaller of the centre-to-centre distance of supports and the clear span plus the effective depth of the member. This accounts for partial fixity and bearing width so the calculated moments remain conservative. Using the clear span alone underestimates moments, while using overall length overestimates the lever arm.

Question 28Building structures and structural design

A steel beam is fully restrained against lateral-torsional buckling along its compression flange. Which verification governs its bending resistance?

  1. Section classification and plastic or elastic moment resistance Correct answer.
  2. Local buckling of the tension flange only
  3. Elastic critical moment for lateral-torsional buckling
  4. Fatigue crack growth at the tension flange

Explanation

When lateral-torsional buckling is prevented, the bending resistance depends on the cross-section class and whether the section can develop its plastic moment or only an elastic moment. The design check compares the applied moment with the moment resistance of the classified section. Lateral-torsional buckling checks are unnecessary once full restraint is provided.

Question 29Building structures and structural design

Which load combination philosophy underlies the partial safety factors applied to permanent and variable actions in limit state design?

  1. Elastic analysis with a single global factor of safety
  2. Allowable stress limits applied to service loads
  3. Ultimate loads reduced by ductility coefficients only
  4. Statistical separation of characteristic actions multiplied by factors for unfavourable and favourable effects Correct answer.

Explanation

Limit state design treats actions as random variables represented by characteristic values, then applies partial factors that reflect the consequence of unfavourable or favourable deviation. Permanent and variable actions receive different factors because their variability differs. This produces design values for the ultimate and serviceability combinations.

Question 30Building structures and structural design

A reinforced concrete beam has a rectangular section 300 mm wide and 550 mm deep with 25 mm cover to the tension steel of 20 mm diameter. What is the effective depth most nearly?

  1. 515 mm Correct answer.
  2. 505 mm
  3. 525 mm
  4. 495 mm

Explanation

Effective depth equals overall depth minus cover minus half the bar diameter. Here 550 − 25 − 10 = 515 mm. Cover is measured to the outer surface of the reinforcement, so half the bar diameter is deducted to reach the centroid.

Question 31Building structures and structural design

A short reinforced concrete column carries a factored axial load of 2000 kN and a factored moment of 120 kN·m about one axis. The section is 400 mm square with concrete grade C30. Which design approach is appropriate?

  1. Design the section for the combined axial load and moment using an interaction diagram Correct answer.
  2. Ignore the moment because it is small relative to the axial load
  3. Increase only the concrete grade without checking reinforcement
  4. Design as a pure axial column using only the axial load

Explanation

Columns with both axial load and bending must be checked against an axial load–moment interaction diagram, since the moment capacity depends on the axial load level. The reinforcement must be proportioned so the design point falls inside the interaction envelope. Ignoring the moment can leave the section unsafe even when the axial load appears dominant.

Question 32Building structures and structural design

A steel column of effective length 5.0 m has a radius of gyration of 50 mm about both axes. What is its slenderness ratio?

  1. 10
  2. 50
  3. 250
  4. 100 Correct answer.

Explanation

Slenderness ratio is effective length divided by radius of gyration, so 5000 mm / 50 mm = 100. This value falls in the intermediate range where buckling reduces the compressive resistance below the yield strength. Design codes use this ratio to select the appropriate buckling curve.

Question 33Building structures and structural design

In a reinforced concrete beam, why is a minimum area of shear reinforcement required even when the concrete alone can resist the design shear force?

  1. To resist shrinkage stresses in the web
  2. To reduce the effective span of the beam
  3. To increase the flexural compression capacity
  4. To provide ductility, control diagonal cracking and allow redistribution of shear Correct answer.

Explanation

Minimum shear links ensure that diagonal cracking is controlled and that the member retains ductility and warning before failure. They also allow shear forces to be redistributed within the member rather than relying on the brittle concrete contribution alone. Codes therefore require a minimum link area even where the concrete shear capacity is sufficient.

Question 34Building structures and structural design

A one-way reinforced concrete slab has a span of 4.0 m and a thickness of 120 mm. Which deflection verification is normally performed at serviceability limit state?

  1. Check only the deflection at the supports
  2. Check that total deflection does not exceed span/50
  3. Check that total deflection does not exceed span/250 and deflection after finishes does not exceed span/500 Correct answer.
  4. Check that deflection is zero at midspan

Explanation

Serviceability deflection limits are expressed as fractions of the span, typically span/250 for total deflection and span/500 for deflection occurring after the application of finishes. These limits protect finishes and partitions from cracking and ensure the slab remains serviceable. Midspan deflection is the value compared against these limits.

Question 35Building structures and structural design

A simply supported steel beam spans 8.0 m and carries a uniform load, but the top flange is unrestrained between supports. Which design check is essential?

  1. Shear buckling of the web at midspan
  2. Tension yielding of the bottom flange only
  3. Local bearing failure at the supports
  4. Lateral-torsional buckling of the compression flange Correct answer.

Explanation

An unrestrained compression flange can buckle laterally under bending, so the lateral-torsional buckling resistance must be verified against the applied moment. The reduction factor depends on the slenderness of the member and the shape of the bending moment diagram. Yielding alone is insufficient because buckling can occur below the yield moment.

Question 36Building structures and structural design

A reinforced concrete wall panel is designed as a shear wall in a seismic region. Which detailing measure most directly improves its energy dissipation and ductility?

  1. Reducing the wall thickness to lower stiffness
  2. Using a single layer of reinforcement at mid-thickness
  3. Providing closely spaced horizontal and vertical reinforcement with confined boundary elements Correct answer.
  4. Eliminating boundary elements to simplify construction

Explanation

Ductile shear walls rely on well-distributed horizontal and vertical reinforcement plus confined boundary elements at the ends to develop plastic hinging without brittle shear failure. Confinement of the boundary elements prevents concrete spalling and bar buckling under reversed cyclic loading. This detailing allows the wall to dissipate seismic energy.

Question 37Building structures and structural design

A timber floor joist spans 4.0 m and supports a plaster ceiling. Which serviceability criterion is most relevant to prevent cracking of the ceiling?

  1. Limiting the deflection after construction to span/360 Correct answer.
  2. Limiting the natural frequency of the floor
  3. Limiting the bearing stress at the supports
  4. Limiting the moisture content of the joist

Explanation

Deflection limits protect brittle finishes such as plaster from cracking, and span/360 is a typical limit for members supporting such finishes. The deflection considered is that occurring after the finishes are applied, since that is when damage can occur. Bearing stress and moisture content are separate design considerations.

Question 38Building structures and structural design

A reinforced concrete deep beam has a clear span of 1.8 m and an overall depth of 1.2 m. Which design model best describes its behaviour?

  1. Simple beam theory with uniformly distributed shear stress
  2. Strut-and-tie model with load carried directly to supports by inclined compression struts Correct answer.
  3. Pure flexural theory with plane sections remaining plane
  4. Cantilever action with fixed base moments

Explanation

Deep beams have a span-to-depth ratio below about 2.5, so plane sections do not remain plane and flexural theory is inadequate. Load is transferred to the supports mainly through inclined compression struts and tension ties, which is modelled using strut-and-tie methods. Reinforcement must be detailed to anchor these ties.

Question 39Building structures and structural design

A steel plate girder has a slender web panel. Which phenomenon limits its shear capacity before the full web yield strength is reached?

  1. Yielding of the compression flange
  2. Torsional failure of the tension flange
  3. Shear buckling of the web panel Correct answer.
  4. Local crushing of the bearing stiffener

Explanation

Slender webs buckle in shear before the full yield strength is mobilised, so the shear resistance is governed by elastic or inelastic shear buckling. Design codes account for this through a reduced shear buckling resistance, often enhanced by transverse stiffeners. The post-buckling tension field action can be mobilised if stiffeners are provided.

Question 40Building structures and structural design

A building site in Ulaanbaatar has a seasonally frozen ground layer about 2.0 m thick. Which foundation design consideration is most important to prevent frost heave damage?

  1. Increasing the reinforcement ratio in the footing
  2. Placing the foundation base below the frost penetration depth or providing frost protection Correct answer.
  3. Using a thinner blinding layer beneath the footing
  4. Reducing the footing width to lower contact pressure

Explanation

Frost heave occurs when moisture in freezing soil expands and lifts the foundation. The standard remedy is to found below the maximum frost penetration depth or to provide insulation and drainage so the soil beneath the base does not freeze. Reducing footing size or adding reinforcement does not address the frost heave mechanism.

Question 41Construction technology and organization of construction

Дараах ажлын аль нь бетонон хийц монтажлахад зориулсан кран сонгохдоо хамгийн тодорхойлогч хүчин зүйл болдог вэ?

  1. Краны суурийн шороон хөрсний чийгшил
  2. Краны кабелийн урт
  3. Хамгийн хүнд элемент болон түүнийг өргөх радиус Correct answer.
  4. Бригадын ажилчдын тоо

Explanation

Кран сонгох үндсэн шалгуур нь хамгийн хүнд монтажлах элементийн жин, шаардлагатай өргөх өндөр, өргөх радиус юм. Эдгээр нь краны ачаалах чадварын муруйтай харьцуулагдана. Бусад хүчин зүйлс нь туслах шинжтэй боловч кран сонголтыг шууд тодорхойлохгүй.

Question 42Construction technology and organization of construction

Гүйцэтгэлийн ажлын хуваарийг (календарийн график) боловсруулахдаа ажлын урсгалын дарааллыг тодорхойлох үндсэн зорилго юу вэ?

  1. Материалын үнийг бууруулах
  2. Ажилчдын цалинг тооцох
  3. Гэрээний хүүг тооцох
  4. Ажлын технологийн хамаарлыг зөв дараалалд оруулах Correct answer.

Explanation

Календарийн график нь технологийн дарааллаар ажлыг зөв эрэмбэлж, нөөц бололцоог хуваарилж, хугацааг тодорхойлдог. Технологийн хамаарал зөрчигдвөл хийц гэмтэх, дахин ажил хийх эрсдэл үүсдэг. График нь санхүүгийн тооцоо биш, ажлын зохион байгуулалтын баримт бичиг юм.

Question 43Construction technology and organization of construction

Улаанбаатарын нөхцөлд өвлийн улиралд бетон цутгахдаа ямар арга хэмжээг заавал авах ёстой вэ?

  1. Цементийн зарцуулалтыг хоёр дахин бууруулах
  2. Цутгах ажлыг шөнийн цагт хийх
  3. Бетоныг цутгахын өмнө хэвээ халаах ба цутгасны дараа дулаалж хамгаалах Correct answer.
  4. Бетоны хольцын усны хэмжээг нэмэгдүүлэх

Explanation

Өвлийн нөхцөлд бетон хатуурахын тулд эерэг температур хадгалах шаардлагатай тул хэв, арматурыг халааж, цутгасны дараа дулаалга, халаалтаар хамгаална. Ус нэмэх нь бат бэхийг бууруулж, хяруугийн эрсдэлийг нэмэгдүүлнэ. Цементийн зарцуулалтыг бууруулах нь хатууралтын дулааныг бууруулж, эрсдэлийг нэмэгдүүлнэ.

Question 44Construction technology and organization of construction

Газар шорооны ажлын эзлэхүүнийг тооцоолохдоо 'ажлын тэмдэглэгээ' (рабочая отметка) гэж юуг хэлдэг вэ?

  1. Экскаваторын шанаганы багтаамж
  2. Газар шорооны машины ажлын өргөн
  3. Газрын гадаргын ба төлөвлөсөн өндрийн зөрүү Correct answer.
  4. Хөрсний сийрэгжилтийн коэффициент

Explanation

Ажлын тэмдэглэгээ нь байгалийн газрын өндөр ба төлөвлөсөн (улаан) өндрийн хоорондын зөрүү бөгөөд эерэг бол нэмэлт, сөрөг бол малталт гэсэн үг. Энэ утгаар шорооны эзлэхүүнийг квадрат торны аргаар тооцдог. Бусад үзүүлэлтүүд нь машины ажиллагаа, хөрсний шинж чанартай холбоотой.

Question 45Construction technology and organization of construction

Тоосгоны өрлөгийн үед хэвтээ давхаргын зузааныг стандартаар хэдэн мм-т байлгахыг шаарддаг вэ?

  1. 10-15 мм Correct answer.
  2. 30-40 мм
  3. 20-25 мм
  4. 5-8 мм

Explanation

Тоосгоны өрлөгийн хэвтээ зуурмагийн давхарга нь дунджаар 12 мм, зөвшөөрөгдөх хязгаар нь 10-15 мм байна. Хэт нимгэн давхарга нь бат бэхийг бууруулж, хэт зузаан нь суулт, хэв гажилт үүсгэдэг. Босоо давхарга нь дунджаар 10 мм байна.

Question 46Construction technology and organization of construction

Барилгын талбайн ерөнхий төлөвлөгөөнд (стройгенплан) ямар баримт бичиг заавал тусгагдах ёстой вэ?

  1. Түр барилга, агуулах, зам, кран зогсоолын байршил Correct answer.
  2. Ажилчдын гэр бүлийн мэдээлэл
  3. Бүтээгдэхүүний зах зээлийн үнэ
  4. Компанийн жилийн тайлан

Explanation

Барилгын ерөнхий төлөвлөгөө нь баригдаж буй барилга, түр барилга, агуулах, зогсоол, зам, инженерийн шугам, кран зогсоолыг байршуулж харуулна. Энэ нь аюулгүй байдал, ажлын зохион байгуулалтыг хангах үндэс болдог. Хувийн болон санхүүгийн мэдээлэл тусгах шаардлагагүй.

Question 47Construction technology and organization of construction

Арматурын торыг бетоноор хамгаалах 'хамгаалалтын давхарга' яагаад шаардлагатай вэ?

  1. Арматурыг хэвэнд бэхлэх
  2. Арматурыг илүү хүнд болгох
  3. Бетоны зарцуулалтыг нэмэгдүүлэх
  4. Арматурыг зэврэлт, гал, гадны нөлөөнөөс хамгаалах Correct answer.

Explanation

Хамгаалалтын давхарга нь арматурыг чийг, хүчилтөрөгч, тэсрэх бодис, галын нөлөөнөөс тусгаарлаж, зэврэлтээс сэргийлнэ. Мөн арматур ба бетоны наалдалтыг хангана. Давхаргын зузаан нь хийцийн төрөл, орчны нөхцлөөр нормчлогддог.

Question 48Construction technology and organization of construction

Барилгын ажлын гүйцэтгэлийн чанарыг хангахдаа далд ажлын акт (акт на скрытые работы) хэзээ бүрдүүлдэг вэ?

  1. Зөвхөн гэрээний төгсгөлд
  2. Барилга ашиглалтад орсны дараа
  3. Дараагийн ажил эхлэхээс өмнө, өмнөх ажил далд болохоос өмнө Correct answer.
  4. Зөвхөн төсвийн хяналт шалгалтын үед

Explanation

Далд ажил нь дараагийн ажлаар хучигддаг тул чанарыг шалгаж, актыг дараагийн ажил эхлэхээс өмнө бүрдүүлэх ёстой. Эс бөгөөс гэмтэл, зөрчлийг илрүүлэх боломжгүй болно. Акт нь гүйцэтгэгч, хяналтын төлөөлөгчийн гарын үсгээр баталгаажна.

Question 49Construction technology and organization of construction

20 м өндөртэй барилгын фасадын ажилд 40 м-ийн өргөх радиустай, 2.5 т ачаа өргөх шаардлагатай. Краны ачаалах чадварын муруйгаас энэ цэгт 2.2 т байгаа бол ямар шийдвэр гаргах вэ?

  1. Ачааг хоёр хэсэгт хуваан өргөх
  2. Өөр, илүү ачаалах чадвартай кран сонгох Correct answer.
  3. Краны эсрэг талд контр-ачаа нэмэх
  4. Ачааг бага зэрэг найгаж өргөх

Explanation

Өгөгдсөн радиус дээр краны ачаалах чадвар 2.2 т бол шаардлагатай 2.5 т-ээс бага байна. Иймд аюулгүй байдлын нөөцийг хангахын тулд илүү чадвартай кран сонгох ёстой. Краны ачаалах чадварыг хэтрүүлэх нь ноцтой ослын эрсдэлтэй.

Question 50Construction technology and organization of construction

Шаварлаг, чийглэг хөрсөнд суурийн нүх малтахдаа налуугийн өнцгийг хэрхэн тодорхойлох вэ?

  1. Малталтын өргөнөөс үл хамааран 45 градусаар
  2. Зөвхөн ажилчдын тохирох хүслээр
  3. Хөрсний төрөл, чийгшил, малталтын гүнээс хамааруулан нормд заасан налуугаар Correct answer.
  4. Үргэлж 90 градусаар босоо малтах

Explanation

Малталтын налуугийн өнцөг нь хөрсний шинж чанар, чийгшил, гүнээс хамаарч нормд заасан утгаар тодорхойлогдоно. Шаварлаг чийглэг хөрс нь нуралтын эрсдэл өндөртэй тул илүү налуу (хавтгай) шаардлагатай. Налууг зөв сонгохгүй бол хана нурахад хүргэдэг.