Construction technology and organization of construction
Construction technology and organization of construction
This domain tests how you convert drawings into safe, sequenced work: earthworks, formwork, reinforcement, concrete placement and curing, winter concreting, and site organization. In Mongolia the winter window dominates planning: concrete placed below +5°C needs heated materials, insulation or enclosures, and temperature records.
Core rules
- Sequence follows stability: excavation and dewatering, then foundation, then frame, then envelope. Do not backfill before waterproofing and inspection.
- Formwork must carry fresh concrete pressure, construction loads and impact; striking time depends on strength gain, not a fixed calendar day.
- Winter concreting: preheat water and aggregate, use accelerators or anti-freeze admixtures only as specified, and protect until the specified maturity is reached.
- Site layout: separate pedestrian and vehicle routes, locate cranes for reach, and keep fire access and material storage clear.
- Scheduling uses the critical path; float is the slack on non-critical activities.
Worked example Activities: A excavation 3 days; B foundation 4 days after A; C utilities 2 days after A; D frame 5 days after B and C. Earliest finish: A=3; B=7; C=5; D starts at max(7,5)=7 and finishes at 12 days. Critical path is A–B–D. A two-day delay to B extends the project to 14 days; the same delay to C does not, because C has two days of float.
Traps that cost marks
- Planning concrete by calendar days instead of strength or maturity in cold weather.
- Crashing a non-critical activity and expecting the completion date to move.
- Ignoring temporary works such as shoring and dewatering in the sequence.
- Leaving no access for concrete pumps or fire appliances.