Nail Care and Nail Technology
Nail Anatomy
Know the parts: nail plate, nail bed, matrix (where the plate is produced), lunula (visible matrix), cuticle (dead tissue on the plate), eponychium (living tissue at the base), hyponychium (under the free edge), sidewalls, and free edge. Nail growth averages about one-eighth inch per month, faster in summer and on the dominant hand. The cuticle is dead tissue that may be lightly softened and pushed; the eponychium is living and must never be cut.
Disorders, Diseases, and Referral
Distinguish conditions from infections. Onychocryptosis (ingrown nail), onychorrhexis (ridges), and leukonychia (white spots) are typically conditions. Onychomycosis (fungal infection), paronychia (bacterial infection with redness, swelling, pus), and any inflamed, painful nail unit are contraindications - refer to a physician. Do not diagnose. Never work over broken skin or use an implement that contacted a suspected infection without full disinfection.
Products and Sanitation
Sculptured nails combine monomer liquid and polymer powder; the bead ratio determines strength and cure speed, and primer improves adhesion. Gels cure under UV/LED lamps. Nail tips and forms build length. Files, buffers, and wooden pushers are single-use. Electric files require light pressure, correct bits, and dust control. Pedicure basins and foot spas need cleaning and disinfection between clients per manufacturer instructions, including the internal piping on circulating units, and toenails are cut straight across.
Traps and Rule of Thumb
Questions claim the cuticle should be cut, that redness and pus are normal, or that a UV lamp sterilizes. Rule of thumb: if it is red, swollen, painful, or oozing, stop and refer.