Mongolia Dentist Licensing Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Enamel composition

Enamel is about 96% mineral by weight, mainly hydroxyapatite, with little organic material and water. It is avascular and cannot regenerate after eruption.

Dentinal tubule direction

Dentinal tubules run from the pulp to the dentinoenamel junction in an S-shaped course. They are widest near the pulp, which increases dentin permeability and sensitivity there.

Lingual nerve risk

The lingual nerve lies close to the lingual plate near the mandibular third molar. Retraction or instrumentation in this area can cause temporary or permanent taste and sensation loss.

Leukoplakia definition

Leukoplakia is a white plaque that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease. Biopsy is required to exclude dysplasia or carcinoma.

Ameloblastoma features

Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally aggressive odontogenic tumor, usually in the posterior mandible. It shows a multilocular soap-bubble radiolucency and requires resection with margins.

Sjögren syndrome signs

Sjögren syndrome causes dry eyes and mouth with possible parotid enlargement. Anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies are common, and lymphoma risk is increased.

Critical pH for enamel

The critical pH for enamel demineralization is about 5.5. Below this value, plaque acids dissolve hydroxyapatite faster than saliva can remineralize it.

Total-etch bonding steps

Etch enamel 15 seconds and dentin 10-15 seconds with phosphoric acid, rinse, and leave dentin slightly moist. Over-drying collapses collagen and weakens the bond.

Cusp coverage indication

Cusp coverage is indicated when remaining cuspal thickness is under 2 mm or when the cavity undermines a cusp, reducing the risk of cusp fracture.

Working length target

Working length ends at the apical constriction, usually 0.5 to 1.0 mm short of the radiographic apex. Confirm with an apex locator and a radiograph.

Sodium hypochlorite function

Sodium hypochlorite dissolves organic tissue and kills microorganisms in the canal. It must not be extruded beyond the apex because severe pain and swelling can follow.

EDTA irrigation role

EDTA at 17% removes the smear layer and chelates inorganic debris, opening dentinal tubules. It is used alternately with sodium hypochlorite during canal preparation.

Clinical attachment level

Clinical attachment level is the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the base of the sulcus or pocket. It documents past attachment loss and distinguishes periodontitis from gingivitis.

Periodontitis staging

Staging describes severity and complexity using bone loss, probing depth, and tooth loss. Grading describes progression rate using risk factors such as smoking and diabetes.

Peri-implant mucositis

Peri-implant mucositis is reversible inflammation of the soft tissue around an implant without bone loss. Peri-implantitis adds progressive bone loss and requires active treatment.

Centric relation definition

Centric relation is a maxillomandibular relationship in which the condyles sit in their most anterior-superior position against the articular eminence. It is recorded for complete dentures.

Denture border seal

The border seal of a complete denture contributes to retention through surface tension and atmospheric pressure. An overextended or underextended border breaks the seal.

Abutment taper

Abutment preparations should have about 6 to 10 degrees of convergence. Greater taper reduces retention, while insufficient taper prevents seating of the restoration.

Alveolar osteitis features

Alveolar osteitis, or dry socket, causes severe pain two to four days after extraction with an empty socket. Treat by irrigation and medicated dressing, not routine antibiotics.

Ludwig angina

Ludwig angina is a bilateral infection of the submandibular and sublingual spaces with floor-of-mouth elevation. It threatens the airway and requires urgent drainage and airway management.

Incisional versus excisional biopsy

Incisional biopsy samples part of a large or suspicious lesion. Excisional biopsy removes a small lesion entirely, providing both diagnosis and treatment in one procedure.

Angle Class II

Angle Class II has the mandibular first molar positioned distally relative to the maxillary first molar. It is often associated with increased overjet and a retrusive mandible.

Nursing bottle caries pattern

Nursing bottle caries affects maxillary incisors first and usually spares mandibular incisors. Prolonged bedtime bottle use exposes teeth to fermentable carbohydrates during low saliva flow.

Tell-show-do technique

Tell-show-do explains a procedure in child-friendly words, demonstrates it, then performs it. It reduces anxiety and is a first-line pediatric behavior management method.

Bitewing radiograph use

Bitewing radiographs show the crowns of upper and lower teeth together with alveolar crests. They are the preferred image for detecting interproximal caries.

ALARA principle

ALARA means keeping radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable. Use the smallest field of view, fastest receptor, collimation, and shielding, and avoid repeat exposures.

Lidocaine maximum dose

Lidocaine 2% with epinephrine has a maximum dose of about 4.4 mg/kg, or 7 mg/kg with epinephrine. Calculate the dose before injecting multiple cartridges.

Local anesthetic toxicity

Local anesthetic systemic toxicity causes perioral numbness, tinnitus, seizures, and cardiovascular collapse. Support the airway and give lipid emulsion in severe cases.

Anaphylaxis management

Give intramuscular epinephrine 0.3 to 0.5 mg of 1:1,000 solution into the thigh. Call emergency services and provide oxygen and fluids while monitoring the patient.

Autoclave monitoring

Sterilization is verified with biological indicators such as spore tests, usually weekly. Chemical and physical indicators alone do not prove that sterilization succeeded.

Needlestick management

After a needlestick, wash the site with soap and water and report immediately. Assess hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV risk and follow post-exposure prophylaxis protocols.

Informed consent elements

Valid informed consent requires patient capacity, disclosure of material risks and alternatives, and voluntary agreement. Document the discussion in the record.