Mongolia Midwife Licensing Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Naegele's rule

Estimated date of delivery is calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period plus 280 days, or by subtracting 3 months and adding 7 days and 1 year.

WHO 8-contact ANC model

The 2016 WHO schedule of eight antenatal contacts: before 12 weeks, then 20, 26, 30, 34, 36, 38 and 40 weeks, replacing the earlier four-visit model.

GTPAL notation

A pregnancy history summary: gravida, term births, preterm births, abortions or miscarriages, and living children. It gives a quick obstetric risk picture at the first visit.

Normal fetal heart baseline

A baseline fetal heart rate between 110 and 160 beats per minute is considered normal. Rates outside this range require further assessment and possible referral.

Active third-stage management

Prophylactic oxytocin 10 IU intramuscularly, controlled cord traction and uterine massage after birth. It reduces postpartum haemorrhage compared with expectant management.

Partograph action line

A line on the partograph plotted four hours to the right of the alert line. Crossing it signals slow progress and the need for reassessment or referral.

Postpartum haemorrhage definition

Blood loss of 500 mL or more after vaginal birth, or 1000 mL or more after caesarean, or any loss causing haemodynamic instability. Uterine atony is the commonest cause.

Apgar score components

Five signs scored 0 to 2 each at 1 and 5 minutes: heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability and colour. Maximum total is 10.

Kangaroo mother care

Continuous skin-to-skin contact with exclusive breastfeeding and early discharge. It reduces mortality and infection in low-birth-weight newborns and supports thermoregulation.

Magnesium sulfate toxicity antidote

Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity. Monitor respiratory rate, deep tendon reflexes and urine output during treatment of pre-eclampsia or eclampsia.

Shoulder dystocia manoeuvres

Call for help, then McRoberts position and suprapubic pressure, followed by internal manoeuvres such as the Rubin II, Woods screw or delivery of the posterior arm.

Cord prolapse management

Elevate the presenting part, place the woman in knee-chest or Trendelenburg position, and arrange immediate caesarean birth while keeping the cord warm and moist.

Emergency contraception timing

Levonorgestrel 1.5 mg is taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse, ideally within 24 hours. A copper IUD inserted within 5 days is more effective.

Fertile window estimation

Ovulation occurs about 14 days before the next menses. The fertile window is roughly the five days before ovulation plus the day of ovulation.

Infertility definition

Failure to conceive after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse, or 6 months when the woman is over 35. Earlier assessment is advised with known risk factors.

Lactational amenorrhoea method

A contraceptive method effective only when all three conditions hold: exclusive breastfeeding, no menses since birth, and the infant is under 6 months old.

Combined pill contraindications

Oestrogen-containing pills are avoided with migraine with aura, smoking over age 35, uncontrolled hypertension, and previous venous thromboembolism. Use progestogen-only methods instead.

Long-acting reversible contraception

Implants and intrauterine devices provide contraception for years with failure rates under 1%. They are the most effective reversible methods and require little user action.

Informed consent elements

The woman receives information on the procedure, risks, benefits and alternatives, understands it, and decides voluntarily. Consent can be withdrawn at any time.

Scope of practice

Midwives provide care within defined competencies and refer when the situation exceeds their skills or the available resources. Practising outside scope is a regulatory breach.

Confidentiality in midwifery

Health information is shared only with the woman's consent or when law requires it. Unauthorised disclosure may lead to disciplinary action and loss of trust.

WHO five moments for hand hygiene

Hand hygiene before patient contact, before an aseptic task, after body fluid exposure, after patient contact, and after touching surroundings. It is the core of infection prevention.

Post-exposure HIV prophylaxis

Wash the exposed site, report immediately, and start antiretroviral prophylaxis within 72 hours, ideally within 2 hours. Baseline testing and follow-up are required.

Sharps disposal rule

Never recap a needle by hand. Place sharps immediately into puncture-resistant containers and replace the container when it is three-quarters full.

Three delays model

Maternal deaths are analysed through delay in deciding to seek care, delay in reaching care, and delay in receiving care. Each delay points to a different intervention.

Basic EmONC signal functions

Parenteral antibiotics, oxytocics and anticonvulsants, manual placenta removal, retained products removal, assisted vaginal delivery and newborn resuscitation. These define a basic emergency facility.

Respectful maternity care

Care that preserves dignity, privacy and informed choice and is free from mistreatment. It includes allowing a companion of choice during labour and birth.

PICO question framework

A structured clinical question built from Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome. It guides literature searching and makes evidence appraisal more focused.

Number needed to treat

One divided by the absolute risk reduction. It shows how many women need an intervention for one additional good outcome, making benefit easier to explain.

Clinical audit cycle

Define a standard, measure current practice against it, implement change, then re-audit. It closes the gap between evidence and everyday care.

Evidence hierarchy

Systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials provide stronger evidence than cohort, case-control or expert opinion. Study quality and applicability still need appraisal.

Vitamin K prophylaxis

One milligram of vitamin K given intramuscularly to the newborn within one hour of birth prevents haemorrhagic disease of the newborn.