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UEE Social Studies practice questions

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Question 1History

Which development was a direct result of the Neolithic Revolution?

  1. The invention of writing systems
  2. The first use of iron tools
  3. The decline of trade networks
  4. Permanent farming settlements Correct answer.

Explanation

The Neolithic Revolution refers to the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture and animal domestication. That shift encouraged permanent settlements, food surpluses, and more complex societies. Iron tools and writing appeared much later, and trade generally expanded rather than declined.

Question 2History

Which factor best explains the rise of Aksum as a major trading power?

  1. Conquest of West African goldfields
  2. Isolation from Mediterranean commerce
  3. Control of Red Sea trade routes Correct answer.
  4. Monopoly over Chinese silk production

Explanation

Aksum benefited from its position near the Red Sea, which connected African interior goods to Arabian, Indian, and Mediterranean markets. Its ports and coinage supported a prosperous state. Isolation, West African conquest, and a silk monopoly do not describe its rise.

Question 3History

Why is Magna Carta significant in the history of government?

  1. It granted voting rights to all adults
  2. It limited royal power by law Correct answer.
  3. It permanently abolished the English monarchy
  4. It created a European parliamentary assembly

Explanation

Magna Carta was a charter agreed by King John that established that the monarch was subject to law and could not tax arbitrarily. It did not abolish monarchy or create democracy. Its protections were limited to nobles and free men, not universal suffrage.

Question 4History

Which element of the Columbian Exchange had the most dramatic demographic effect on Indigenous populations in the Americas?

  1. Introduction of the horse to the Americas
  2. Spread of Eurasian infectious diseases Correct answer.
  3. Transfer of maize to Europe
  4. Importation of enslaved Africans

Explanation

The Columbian Exchange transferred plants, animals, people, and pathogens between hemispheres. Eurasian diseases such as smallpox, measles, and influenza were deadly to Indigenous peoples who lacked prior exposure. This caused catastrophic population collapse, far exceeding other effects.

Question 5History

Which social change is most directly associated with early industrialization in Britain?

  1. Decline of wage labor in factories
  2. Complete end of agricultural enclosure
  3. Growth of industrial cities Correct answer.
  4. Immediate introduction of universal male suffrage

Explanation

Early industrialization drew workers into factory towns, creating a large urban working class. Factory wage labor expanded rather than declined, and political suffrage came later through reform. Enclosure had already been reshaping rural life, so it did not end with industrialization.

Question 6History

What was the main significance of the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885?

  1. The founding of the African Union
  2. A ban on the Atlantic slave trade
  3. Immediate independence for colonies
  4. Rules for partitioning Africa Correct answer.

Explanation

The Berlin Conference established rules among European powers for claiming African territory, including effective occupation. It did not invite African representatives or grant independence. It also did not end the Atlantic slave trade, which had been legally abolished earlier by several powers.

Question 7History

Which factor best explains why the League of Nations failed to prevent the outbreak of World War II?

  1. Weak enforcement and absent powers Correct answer.
  2. A powerful permanent army
  3. The abolition of national sovereignty
  4. Support for fascist expansion

Explanation

The League lacked its own military force and depended on member states to enforce decisions. The United States never joined, and major powers such as Germany, Italy, and Japan left or ignored it. These weaknesses made collective security ineffective against aggressive expansion.

Question 8History

What was the primary purpose of the Marshall Plan after World War II?

  1. To contain communism by stabilizing Western Europe Correct answer.
  2. To extend communist influence across Europe
  3. To rebuild the Soviet economy after the war
  4. To create a single European military command

Explanation

The Marshall Plan provided economic aid to rebuild Western European economies after World War II. By reducing instability and communist appeal, it served the US policy of containment. It did not include the Soviet Union, which rejected the aid and pressured its satellites to do so.

Question 9History

What was the main significance of the 1955 Bandung Conference?

  1. It asserted Afro-Asian nonaligned solidarity Correct answer.
  2. It ended the Vietnam War
  3. It created the Warsaw Pact
  4. It founded the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Explanation

The Bandung Conference brought together newly independent Asian and African states to oppose colonialism and racism and to promote economic and cultural cooperation. It helped shape the Non-Aligned Movement, though it did not create a formal military alliance. It had no role in founding the Warsaw Pact or OPEC, or in ending the Vietnam War.

Question 10History

Why is the Battle of Adwa (1896) important in Ethiopian history?

  1. It established the League of Nations
  2. It ended Italian colonial rule in Libya
  3. It preserved Ethiopian independence Correct answer.
  4. It launched the Scramble for Africa

Explanation

At Adwa in 1896, Ethiopian forces under Emperor Menelik II and Empress Taytu defeated an Italian army. The victory secured recognition of Ethiopia's sovereignty and became a symbol of African resistance to colonialism. It did not end Italian rule in Libya or launch the Scramble for Africa.

Question 11History

Which environmental feature was most responsible for the agricultural surplus of ancient Egypt?

  1. The predictable monsoon rains of the Red Sea coast
  2. The irrigation canals built by Mesopotamian settlers
  3. The annual flooding of the Nile River Correct answer.
  4. The fertile volcanic soils of the Sahara plateau

Explanation

The Nile's annual flooding deposited nutrient-rich silt along its banks, enabling stable agriculture and surplus. This surplus supported urbanization and centralized rule in ancient Egypt.

Question 12History

Which body of Roman law became a foundational source for later European legal codes?

  1. The military regulations of Marius
  2. The Twelve Tables and the Corpus Juris Civilis Correct answer.
  3. The edicts of the Gracchi brothers
  4. The philosophical dialogues of Cicero

Explanation

The Twelve Tables (c. 450 BCE) and Justinian's Corpus Juris Civilis compiled Roman legal principles. These texts shaped civil-law systems across continental Europe and beyond.

Question 13History

What was a major consequence of trade along the Silk Road?

  1. The diffusion of Buddhism and papermaking across Eurasia Correct answer.
  2. The decline of caravan cities in Central Asia
  3. The unification of India under a single empire
  4. The isolation of Chinese civilization from outside influences

Explanation

Trade along the Silk Road moved goods, religions, and technologies between East and West. Buddhism spread from India to China, and papermaking spread from China westward.

Question 14History

Which factor best explains the rapid Arab conquests of Byzantine and Sassanian territories in the 7th century?

  1. The use of gunpowder artillery by Arab armies
  2. The universal conversion of conquered peoples to Islam
  3. The exhaustion of both empires after prolonged warfare Correct answer.
  4. The naval dominance of the Arab fleet in the Mediterranean

Explanation

Prolonged Byzantine-Sassanian warfare (602–628) left both empires militarily and financially exhausted. Arab forces, unified by Islam, exploited this weakness to conquer key territories.

Question 15History

Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 is significant in world history mainly because it

  1. introduced Christianity to West Africa
  2. displayed Mali's wealth and stimulated trade and Islamic learning Correct answer.
  3. ended the trans-Saharan gold trade
  4. established Mali as a naval power in the Atlantic

Explanation

Mansa Musa's lavish spending and donations during his pilgrimage publicized Mali's gold wealth. This attracted merchants and Islamic scholars to cities such as Timbuktu, boosting trade and learning.

Question 16History

Which intellectual movement was central to the Renaissance in Italian city-states?

  1. Romanticism celebrating medieval chivalry
  2. Scholasticism focused exclusively on theology
  3. Humanism emphasizing classical texts and human potential Correct answer.
  4. Mercantilism advocating state control of trade

Explanation

Renaissance humanists studied classical Greek and Roman texts to promote human potential and civic virtue. This movement challenged medieval scholasticism and shaped art, literature, and education.

Question 17History

Which principle was most radical in the French Revolution's Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)?

  1. The establishment of a state church
  2. Popular sovereignty and equality before the law Correct answer.
  3. The preservation of feudal dues and privileges
  4. The divine right of kings to rule

Explanation

The Declaration asserted that sovereignty resides in the nation and that law must apply equally to all citizens. This undermined both divine-right monarchy and feudal privilege.

Question 18History

Why did the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) unsettle slaveholding societies throughout the Americas?

  1. It established a constitutional monarchy under Toussaint Louverture
  2. It immediately abolished slavery in the United States
  3. It restored French royal authority in the Caribbean
  4. It was the first successful large-scale slave revolt that founded an independent state Correct answer.

Explanation

Enslaved people in Saint-Domingue overthrew colonial rule and slavery, creating the independent state of Haiti. Their success demonstrated that a large-scale slave revolt could succeed, alarming slaveholders across the Americas.

Question 19History

What was the consequence of the discrepancy between the Italian and Amharic texts of the Treaty of Wuchale (1889)?

  1. It ended the Red Sea slave trade
  2. It permanently fixed the Ethio-Eritrean border
  3. It created a German protectorate over Ethiopia
  4. It gave Italy a pretext to declare a protectorate and invade Ethiopia Correct answer.

Explanation

The Italian text implied Ethiopia must conduct foreign affairs through Italy, making it a protectorate; the Amharic text did not. Italy used this discrepancy to justify invasion, which Ethiopia defeated at Adwa in 1896.

Question 20History

The U.S. policy of containment during the Cold War was designed to

  1. prevent the spread of communism through economic and military aid Correct answer.
  2. withdraw American forces from Western Europe
  3. roll back existing communist governments by force
  4. promote direct military confrontation with the Soviet Union

Explanation

George Kennan's containment strategy sought to check Soviet expansion through economic recovery programs, alliances, and limited military force. It avoided direct confrontation while preventing communist movements from gaining power.

Question 21History

Which innovation is most closely associated with the ancient Sumerian city-states of Uruk and Ur?

  1. The domed congregational mosque of the Islamic world
  2. Mounted archery using the composite bow on the steppe
  3. Cuneiform writing for temple accounting Correct answer.
  4. Minted iron coinage for long-distance trade

Explanation

Sumerians developed cuneiform around 3200 BCE, first as pictographic records for temple stores and then as a full writing system. It is the defining administrative and literary innovation of Mesopotamian city-states, not a later pastoral, Lydian, or Islamic development.

Question 22History

In classical Athens, which body was the sovereign popular assembly in which eligible male citizens voted directly on laws and public policy?

  1. The Delian League
  2. The Ekklesia Correct answer.
  3. The Boule
  4. The Council of the Areopagus

Explanation

The Ekklesia was the Athenian assembly of citizens; it debated and voted on decrees, war, and finance. The Boule prepared the agenda, the Areopagus was an older aristocratic council, and the Delian League was an alliance, not an Athenian assembly.

Question 23History

The English Bill of Rights of 1689 primarily accomplished which of the following?

  1. It established the Church of England as the only legal faith in Europe.
  2. It abolished the monarchy and declared England a republic.
  3. It limited royal power and affirmed parliamentary supremacy. Correct answer.
  4. It granted voting rights to all adult men regardless of property.

Explanation

The 1689 settlement made Parliament's consent essential for taxation and legislation and barred certain royal abuses. It did not create a republic, universal male suffrage, or a Europe-wide religious monopoly.

Question 24History

Which consequence followed directly from Martin Luther's doctrine of justification by faith alone?

  1. The Council of Trent endorsed Luther's teaching as orthodox.
  2. Printed vernacular pamphlets spread challenges to papal authority across Europe. Correct answer.
  3. The Jesuits were founded to lead Protestant missions into Asia.
  4. The Peace of Augsburg abolished every Catholic state in the Holy Roman Empire.

Explanation

Luther's teaching denied that salvation could be earned through Church-mediated works, and printing let his vernacular tracts circulate rapidly. Trent condemned the doctrine, Augsburg recognized Catholic and Lutheran territories rather than abolishing Catholic states, and the Jesuits were a Catholic order.

Question 25History

How did Newton's Principia (1687) change the study of motion in early modern Europe?

  1. It unified terrestrial and celestial motion under universal gravitation. Correct answer.
  2. It rejected mathematics in favor of purely alchemical explanations of motion.
  3. It proved that the Earth stood at the center of the cosmos.
  4. It argued that motion required continuous divine intervention at every instant.

Explanation

Newton showed that the same gravitational law could explain falling bodies on Earth and the orbits of planets, replacing sharp divisions between terrestrial and celestial physics. His mathematical approach became foundational for mechanics, while the other options describe positions he opposed.

Question 26History

What was the chief aim of the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815)?

  1. To create a permanent European parliament with directly elected delegates.
  2. To spread revolutionary republicanism across Europe.
  3. To partition Africa among European colonial powers.
  4. To restore a balance of power and legitimate monarchies after Napoleon. Correct answer.

Explanation

The Congress sought to contain France, restore dynasties displaced by Napoleon, and prevent any single power from dominating Europe. Its conservative balance-of-power framework shaped international politics until the revolutions of 1848 and beyond.

Question 27History

Which policy best characterizes Japan's Meiji Restoration after 1868?

  1. Rejection of Western technology and institutions.
  2. State-led industrialization and a conscript army. Correct answer.
  3. Immediate adoption of universal suffrage and a republican constitution.
  4. Preservation of the samurai estate as the sole ruling class.

Explanation

Meiji leaders dismantled samurai privileges, promoted state-guided industry, and built a conscript army under the slogan 'rich country, strong army.' They borrowed selectively from Western models but kept imperial rule and did not establish a republic or universal suffrage.

Question 28History

Which development is most closely associated with Emperor Menelik II's consolidation of the Ethiopian state in the late nineteenth century?

  1. Conversion of the state to Latin Christianity under Rome
  2. Abolition of the monarchy in favor of a republican constitution
  3. Founding of Addis Ababa as a permanent capital Correct answer.
  4. Forced collectivization of agricultural land and livestock

Explanation

Menelik II established Addis Ababa as a permanent capital and promoted roads, telegraph lines, and modern administrative institutions as part of state consolidation. Ethiopia retained its monarchy and Orthodox Christian identity, and collectivization belonged to the later Derg era.

Question 29History

Why did the Bolshevik slogan 'Peace, Land, Bread' resonate among Russian workers and peasants in 1917?

  1. It demanded rapid industrialization at the expense of agricultural reform.
  2. It called for restoration of the tsarist autocracy and noble privileges.
  3. It proposed a military alliance with Germany to partition the Ottoman Empire.
  4. It promised peace, land redistribution, and food security. Correct answer.

Explanation

The slogan condensed the main grievances of 1917: war weariness, peasant land hunger, and urban food shortages. It helped the Bolsheviks connect their program to immediate popular needs rather than to abstract ideology alone.

Question 30History

Which factor best explains the choice of Addis Ababa as the headquarters of the Organisation of African Unity in 1963?

  1. Its possession of the continent's largest oil reserves.
  2. Its location as the southernmost capital on the African continent.
  3. Its symbolic standing as an uncolonized African capital. Correct answer.
  4. Its status as a former British colony with a large industrial base.

Explanation

Ethiopia's long independent status and Addis Ababa's role as a diplomatic center gave the city strong symbolic weight for newly independent African states. The OAU chose it as headquarters in 1963, reinforcing Pan-African identification with an uncolonized African capital.

Question 31History

Which Aksumite ruler is credited with adopting Christianity as the state religion in the fourth century CE?

  1. Lalibela
  2. Ezana Correct answer.
  3. Yekuno Amlak
  4. Kaleb

Explanation

Ezana converted to Christianity in the mid-fourth century and made it the court religion; his inscriptions and coinage reflect this change. Kaleb was a later Aksumite king known for campaigns in South Arabia. Lalibela belongs to the Zagwe dynasty, and Yekuno Amlak founded the Solomonic dynasty in 1270.

Question 32History

The Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 was convened mainly to

  1. partition the Ottoman Empire after World War I
  2. create the League of Nations to keep peace
  3. abolish the transatlantic slave trade worldwide
  4. set rules for European colonial claims in Africa Correct answer.

Explanation

The conference, organized by Bismarck, established procedures for European powers to claim African territory and regulate trade, especially in the Congo basin. It did not abolish slavery globally, create the League of Nations, or partition the Ottoman Empire, which occurred after World War I.

Question 33History

Magna Carta (1215) is historically significant mainly because it

  1. established legal limits on royal power in England Correct answer.
  2. granted voting rights to all adult men in England
  3. created the Church of England under Henry VIII
  4. ended the Hundred Years' War between England and France

Explanation

Magna Carta forced King John to accept that the monarch was subject to law and guaranteed certain baronial privileges and legal protections, becoming a symbol of limited government. It did not end the Hundred Years' War, create the Church of England, or grant universal male suffrage.

Question 34History

The decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs in the 1820s was made possible primarily by

  1. the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb
  2. the decoding of the Linear B tablets
  3. the translation of the Epic of Gilgamesh
  4. the Rosetta Stone's trilingual decree Correct answer.

Explanation

The Rosetta Stone carried the same decree in hieroglyphs, Demotic, and Greek, giving scholars such as Champollion a way to match signs to a known language. Tutankhamun's tomb was found in 1922, Gilgamesh is Mesopotamian, and Linear B was deciphered in the 1950s.

Question 35History

Which condition imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles (1919) most directly fueled interwar resentment?

  1. the transfer of all German colonies to the United States
  2. the complete abolition of the German armed forces
  3. the partition of Germany into two separate states
  4. reparations payments and the war-guilt clause Correct answer.

Explanation

Article 231, the war-guilt clause, and heavy reparations were widely resented in Germany and used by extremist movements to undermine the Weimar Republic. Germany was not partitioned until after 1945; its colonies were mandated mainly to Britain, France, and Japan, not the United States; and its army was limited, not completely abolished.

Question 36History

Portugal's early maritime expansion into the Atlantic and around Africa was most directly supported by

  1. the invention of the steam-powered ship
  2. the patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator Correct answer.
  3. the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus
  4. the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans

Explanation

Prince Henry sponsored voyages, mapmaking, and navigational research that helped Portugal reach Ceuta, Madeira, and the West African coast in the fifteenth century. Steam ships came much later, the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople did not sponsor Portuguese voyages, and Columbus sailed for Spain in 1492.

Question 37History

The Meiji Constitution of 1889 created which political system in Japan?

  1. a communist republic with a powerful legislature
  2. a direct democracy with universal suffrage
  3. a military dictatorship without a written constitution
  4. a constitutional monarchy with an elected lower house Correct answer.

Explanation

The Meiji Constitution established a bicameral parliament, the Diet, with an elected lower house, while reserving sovereignty and broad powers for the emperor. Suffrage was limited, and the military retained considerable independence, so it was not a full democracy.

Question 38History

The Marshall Plan (1948) was intended primarily to

  1. fund decolonization movements in Africa and Asia
  2. rebuild Western Europe's economies to resist communism Correct answer.
  3. create a military alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union
  4. establish the United Nations as a global peacekeeping force

Explanation

The program channeled U.S. economic assistance to Western European states to stabilize their economies and reduce the appeal of communism after World War II. It was not a U.S.-Soviet military alliance, did not fund anti-colonial movements, and the United Nations was founded in 1945.

Question 39History

The Peace of Westphalia (1648) is associated with the modern state system mainly because it

  1. established a universal monarchy over all of Europe
  2. created the first permanent international court at The Hague
  3. recognized sovereign territorial states and non-interference Correct answer.
  4. abolished all religious differences in Europe permanently

Explanation

The treaties ended the Thirty Years' War and affirmed the sovereignty of territorial states, including their right to manage internal religious affairs, a principle later called Westphalian sovereignty. They did not create a permanent international court or a universal monarchy, and religious divisions persisted.

Question 40History

The Bandung Conference of 1955 was significant in world history because it

  1. promoted Afro-Asian solidarity and anti-colonialism Correct answer.
  2. formed a military alliance against the Soviet Union
  3. ended the Cold War by dissolving the Warsaw Pact in Europe
  4. launched the European Economic Community

Explanation

The conference brought together newly independent Asian and African states to oppose colonialism and racial discrimination and to chart a course independent of the superpowers. It did not create a military alliance, the EEC was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957, and the Warsaw Pact dissolved in 1991.

Question 41History

The Code of Hammurabi is best known in world history for which principle of justice?

  1. Punishment should correspond to the harm done, as in 'an eye for an eye.' Correct answer.
  2. Judges must rely on written contracts rather than oral testimony.
  3. The state should abolish capital punishment for property crimes.
  4. All free citizens should receive identical sentences regardless of social rank.

Explanation

The Code is famous for lex talionis, the principle that the penalty should mirror the injury, though it also graded penalties by social status. It was not a fully egalitarian code.

Question 42History

Which crop, domesticated in the Andean region, became a major food source in Europe after the Columbian Exchange?

  1. Rice
  2. Coffee
  3. Potato Correct answer.
  4. Wheat

Explanation

The potato was domesticated in the high Andes and carried to Europe after 1492. Its high yields and adaptability made it a staple in many European diets.

Question 43History

For centuries before 1500, the prosperity of trans-Saharan trade depended most on the exchange of which pair of goods?

  1. Furs and timber
  2. Gold and salt Correct answer.
  3. Spices and tea
  4. Silk and porcelain

Explanation

West African gold moved north across the Sahara while Saharan salt moved south to West African markets. This exchange underpinned the wealth of empires such as Ghana and Mali.

Question 44History

Which office in the Roman Republic was created specifically to protect plebeian interests against patrician magistrates?

  1. The consulship, which commanded armies and presided over the state
  2. The praetorship, which administered law and governed provinces
  3. The tribunate of the plebs, which could veto patrician magistrates Correct answer.
  4. The censorship, which conducted the census and supervised morals

Explanation

The tribunate was established in the early Republic so plebeians had magistrates who could veto actions harmful to them. Tribunes were sacrosanct and could convene the plebeian assembly.

Question 45History

The Ottoman capture of Constantinople in 1453 changed European commercial and strategic calculations mainly because it

  1. forced the Ottoman state to abandon its conquest of the Balkans.
  2. placed key eastern Mediterranean trade routes under Ottoman control. Correct answer.
  3. ended all European trade with Asia for the next century.
  4. persuaded European rulers to unite in a permanent alliance against Islam.

Explanation

After 1453 the Ottomans controlled Constantinople and the eastern Mediterranean, raising costs and uncertainty for European traders. This did not stop all trade, but it encouraged Atlantic routes.

Question 46History

In the early nineteenth century, Muhammad Ali of Egypt strengthened his autonomous state most directly by

  1. granting full independence to Sudan under local rulers.
  2. rejecting all European military advisers and technology.
  3. abolishing the army in favor of a merchant militia.
  4. building a conscript army and modern military industries. Correct answer.

Explanation

Muhammad Ali used conscription, European-style training, and state workshops to create a powerful army and navy. These reforms supported his autonomy from the Ottoman sultan.

Question 47History

The Haitian Revolution was distinctive in the Atlantic revolutionary era because it

  1. restored the French monarchy in the Caribbean.
  2. abolished slavery and founded the first independent Black republic. Correct answer.
  3. ended colonial rule while preserving the plantation economy.
  4. was led mainly by wealthy white planters seeking greater autonomy.

Explanation

Haiti's revolution destroyed slavery and colonial rule, producing the first independent Black republic. It was more radical than most Atlantic revolutions because it overturned the plantation social order.

Question 48History

Which factor best explains the gradual spread of Islam in West African trading cities such as Timbuktu and Gao?

  1. Mass migration from the Arabian Peninsula into the Sahel
  2. The collapse of trans-Saharan commerce after 1400
  3. Routine contact with Muslim merchants and scholars Correct answer.
  4. Conquest by the Ottoman navy along the Niger River

Explanation

Islam spread gradually in West Africa through trade, scholarship, and the example of Muslim merchants and clerics. Timbuktu and Gao became centers of learning within Mali and Songhai.

Question 49History

The military reforms of Shaka Zulu in the early nineteenth century contributed most directly to

  1. the permanent unification of all southern African chiefdoms under one state
  2. the introduction of firearms as the primary Zulu weapon
  3. Zulu expansion through disciplined age regiments and assimilation Correct answer.
  4. the abolition of cattle wealth as a basis of political power

Explanation

Shaka reorganized Zulu forces into age regiments and used conquest and assimilation to expand the kingdom. His reforms did not unify all southern Africa or replace cattle wealth with firearms.

Question 50History

The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 was defused when the Soviet Union agreed to withdraw its missiles from Cuba in exchange for which U.S. commitment?

  1. A pledge not to invade Cuba and secret removal of missiles from Turkey Correct answer.
  2. U.S. recognition of the communist government in South Vietnam and Laos
  3. U.S. acceptance of Soviet inspectors at all NATO military bases
  4. U.S. withdrawal from West Berlin and acceptance of a divided Germany

Explanation

The crisis ended with a public U.S. pledge not to invade Cuba and a secret U.S. agreement to remove Jupiter missiles from Turkey. The Soviet Union withdrew its missiles from Cuba in return.