MO-210 key terms

The Excel file that contains one or more worksheets along with all related data, charts, and settings. It is saved as a single file with an extension such as .xlsx.

A single page or grid inside a workbook, made up of columns and rows of cells. A workbook can hold many worksheets, each with its own data and formatting.

The label at the bottom of the Excel window that identifies a worksheet. Clicking it switches to that sheet, and right-clicking offers options such as rename, move, delete, and hide.

A view setting that locks chosen rows or columns in place so they stay visible while you scroll through the rest of the worksheet. Common for keeping header rows on screen.

The specific range of cells you designate to be printed. Excel prints only that range, ignoring other content on the sheet until the print area is cleared or redefined.

Rows or columns set to repeat on every printed page of a worksheet, such as a header row or a column of labels. Configured in Page Setup.

Text or fields that appear at the top or bottom of each printed page, such as page numbers, dates, file names, or titles. Edited in Page Layout view or Page Setup.

A security setting that restricts users from changing cells, formatting, or structure of a worksheet. You can allow specific actions and optionally require a password to unprotect.

The address of a cell formed by its column letter and row number, such as B5. References are used in formulas to point to values stored in specific cells.

A cell reference that adjusts automatically when a formula is copied to another location, such as A1 changing to A2 when moved down one row. The default in Excel.

A cell reference locked with dollar signs, such as $A$1, so the column and row do not change when the formula is copied or filled to other cells.

A reference where only the column or only the row is locked, such as $A1 or A$1. One part stays fixed while the other adjusts as the formula is copied.

A descriptive name assigned to a cell or range, like TaxRate for B2. Names make formulas easier to read and can be used in place of cell addresses.

A paste option that lets you control what is transferred, such as values only, formulas, formats, or column widths. It can also perform operations like add or multiply on pasted data.

The small square at the lower-right corner of a selected cell or range. Dragging it copies or extends content and continues patterns such as dates, numbers, or formulas.

A feature that automatically fills in values by recognizing a pattern in examples you type, such as splitting a full name into first and last names.

A rule that controls what can be entered in a cell, such as limiting entries to a list, a whole number range, or a date. It can also display input messages and error alerts.

Formatting that changes automatically based on a cell's value, such as coloring high numbers red. Rules can highlight top values, duplicates, data bars, color scales, and icon sets.

A specially formatted range that treats its data as a single object, providing filter buttons, banded rows, automatic expansion, and structured references in formulas.

A formula syntax that uses table and column names instead of cell addresses, such as Table1[Sales]. It adjusts automatically as the table grows or shrinks.

An optional final row in an Excel table that can display calculations such as sum, average, or count for each column, chosen from a drop-down in each cell.

A predefined set of colors, borders, and formatting options applied to an Excel table, including header row, banded rows, and first/last column emphasis.

Rearranging rows of data in ascending or descending order based on one or more columns, or by custom lists. It can be applied to a range or a whole table.

A temporary view that hides rows that do not meet criteria you set, without deleting them. Filters can be applied by value, text, date, or number conditions.

A command that deletes rows containing repeated values in selected columns, keeping the first occurrence. Useful for cleaning lists before analysis.

A built-in formula in Excel, such as SUM or AVERAGE, that performs a calculation using arguments you supply. Functions begin with an equals sign and a name.

A button that quickly inserts a SUM formula for the nearest contiguous range of numbers above or to the left of the active cell. Accessible on the Home and Formulas tabs.

A logical function that returns one value when a condition is true and another when it is false, such as =IF(A1>10,"High","Low"). It can be nested for multiple conditions.

A function that adds values in a range only when multiple criteria are met across corresponding ranges. Useful for totals by category, region, or date.

A function that counts the number of cells in a range that meet a single condition, such as counting entries equal to "Complete" or greater than 100.

A function that searches for a value in the first column of a range and returns a value from a specified column in the same row. Exact or approximate matching is supported.

A newer lookup function that finds a value in one range and returns the corresponding item from another, working left or right and handling missing matches with a default.

A function that returns a value you specify when a formula produces an error, and returns the normal result otherwise. Commonly used to replace #N/A or #DIV/0!.

A code such as #DIV/0!, #N/A, or #VALUE! shown when a formula cannot calculate. Each type points to a different cause, such as dividing by zero or a wrong argument.

A visual representation of worksheet data, such as a column, line, or pie chart. Charts make trends and comparisons easier to see and update when source data changes.

The individual parts of a chart, including the title, legend, axes, gridlines, and data labels. Each can be added, removed, or repositioned through the Chart Elements menu.

Text shown on or near a chart's data points that displays the underlying value, category name, or series name. They make exact values readable without the axis.

A tiny chart that fits inside a single cell and shows a trend across a row or column of values, such as a mini line, column, or win/loss chart.

A chart that combines two or more chart types, often with a secondary vertical axis, so series with very different scales can be compared in one chart.