MO Property & Casualty cheat sheet

Missouri insurance regulation is administered by the Missouri Department of Commerce and Insurance, headed by a director appointed by the governor.

An insurer must hold a certificate of authority to transact insurance in Missouri; an insurer without one is unauthorized and its risks must be placed through the surplus lines market.

Producer licenses are issued by line of authority (life, accident and health, property, casualty, personal lines) and must be renewed every two years.

Missouri producers must complete 16 hours of continuing education every two years, including at least 3 hours of ethics.

Rebating, twisting, misrepresentation and commingling of premium funds are prohibited unfair trade practices.

Premiums collected on behalf of an insurer are held in a fiduciary capacity and must be remitted under the agency agreement; commingling with agency funds is prohibited.

The director may examine insurers and producers, issue cease-and-desist orders, and impose fines, suspension or revocation of a license.

Most Missouri property and casualty rates are file-and-use; rates must not be excessive, inadequate or unfairly discriminatory.

Surplus lines business must be placed through a licensed surplus lines broker with an eligible unauthorized insurer after admitted markets decline the risk.

Pure risk involves only loss or no loss and is insurable; speculative risk involves the chance of gain and is generally uninsurable.

Insurable risks are accidental, definite and measurable, calculable, spread over many similar exposure units, and not catastrophic.

Risk management techniques are avoidance, retention, reduction (loss control), sharing and transfer.

The indemnity principle restores the insured to approximately the pre-loss financial position and never allows profit from a loss.

Actual cash value = replacement cost minus depreciation; alternative valuation methods include market value and the broad evidence rule.

Insurable interest in property must exist at the time of loss; in life insurance it must exist at policy inception.

Utmost good faith: representations must be true to the best of the applicant's knowledge, a material misrepresentation or concealment can void coverage, and a warranty is a promise that must be literally true.

A valid contract requires offer, acceptance, consideration, legal purpose and competent parties; insurance is aleatory, unilateral, conditional and a contract of adhesion.

Proximate cause is the unbroken chain of events linking a covered peril to a loss; concurrent causation can permit recovery when a covered peril contributes.

Named-peril forms list the covered causes of loss, and the insured bears the burden of proving the loss resulted from a listed peril.

Open-peril (special) forms cover all direct physical loss except excluded causes, and the insurer bears the burden of proving an exclusion applies.

Direct loss is physical damage to property; indirect (consequential) loss includes business income, extra expense and loss of use.

Coinsurance payment = (limit carried divided by limit required) x loss, never exceeding the policy limit.

Deductibles apply per occurrence and reduce the loss payment; percentage deductibles such as wind or hail apply to the Coverage A limit.

Duties after loss include prompt notice, protecting property from further damage, cooperating with the insurer, submitting a signed proof of loss and inventorying damaged property.

Other insurance clauses use pro rata (proportional) contribution or contribution by equal shares to divide a loss among policies.

Standard policy structure is declarations, insuring agreement, conditions, exclusions and definitions.

Common extensions are debris removal, preservation of property and collapse; the insured may not abandon damaged property to the insurer.

HO-3 insures Coverage A dwelling and Coverage B other structures on an open-peril basis, while Coverage C personal property is covered for named perils.

Default HO-3 relative limits when none are shown: Coverage B is 10% of A, Coverage C is 50% of A and Coverage D is 30% of A.

Coverage D loss of use pays additional living expense and fair rental value for the shortest time needed to repair or relocate, or until policy expiration.

Coverage C special limits restrict theft of jewelry, watches and furs ($1,500), firearms ($2,500), silverware ($2,500), money ($200) and securities ($1,500).

Section II provides Coverage E personal liability on a per-occurrence basis and Coverage F medical payments to others, paid without regard to fault.

HO-3 excludes earth movement, flood and standing water, neglect, intentional loss, power failure and business pursuits, with limited exceptions.

HO-4 covers a tenant's personal property and liability but not the building; HO-6 covers condominium unit-owner betterments; HO-8 uses functional replacement cost for older homes.

Dwelling forms DP-1, DP-2 and DP-3 cover the dwelling and personal property but provide no personal liability unless added by endorsement.

Dwelling replacement cost coverage generally requires at least 80% of replacement cost to be carried, and personal property is typically valued at actual cash value unless endorsed.

The Building and Personal Property form covers Coverage A building, Coverage B business personal property and Coverage C personal property of others.

The 80% coinsurance condition requires the insured to carry at least 80% of the property value to avoid a reduced loss payment.

The agreed value option suspends the coinsurance requirement based on a value stated at policy inception.

Causes of loss forms: Basic and Broad are named peril forms, while Special is open peril with stated exclusions.

Business income pays lost net income and continuing expenses during the period of restoration beginning 72 hours after the direct loss; extra expense pays costs to resume operations.

Business income limits are commonly written as a monthly limit multiplied by the number of months of indemnity.

Debris removal pays $10,000 in addition to the limit plus 25% of the amount paid for direct physical loss.

Building ordinance coverage: A for the undamaged portion of the building, B for demolition cost and C for increased cost of construction.

Equipment breakdown, flood and earthquake are excluded by the special form and require separate coverage or endorsement.

Negligence requires a duty owed, a breach of that duty, proximate cause, and actual damages.

Compensatory damages are special (medical bills, lost wages) and general (pain and suffering); punitive damages punish intentional or reckless conduct.

Occurrence policies respond to injury or damage that takes place during the policy period; claims-made policies require the claim to be made during the period.

A retroactive date bars claims-made coverage for acts occurring before that date, and an extended reporting period extends the time to report claims after expiration.

Common liability limits are each occurrence, general aggregate, products-completed operations aggregate and a damage to premises rented limit.

Supplementary payments such as defense costs, bail bonds and loss of earnings are paid in addition to the limit of liability.

Intentional acts are excluded; vicarious liability makes one party responsible for the acts of another, such as an employer for employees.

A self-insured retention is an amount the insured pays before the policy responds and is not a deductible; it may include defense costs.

Coverage A provides bodily injury and property damage liability caused by an occurrence.

Coverage B provides personal and advertising injury coverage for offenses such as libel, slander, wrongful eviction and invasion of privacy.

Coverage C provides medical payments on a no-fault basis for first aid expenses incurred within one year, excluding insureds and employees.

Limits include general aggregate (except products-completed operations), products-completed operations aggregate, each occurrence, damage to premises rented ($100,000 typical) and medical expense.

Exclusions include expected or intended injury, contractual liability, liquor liability, workers compensation and employer's liability, pollution, auto, aircraft, watercraft, and damage to the insured's own property or product.

The liquor liability exclusion has an exception for host liquor liability when the insured is not in the business of manufacturing, selling or serving alcohol.

Products-completed operations coverage applies to injury or damage occurring away from the premises after the product or completed work has been released.

Additional insured endorsements and waivers of subrogation are added by endorsement and may restrict coverage to ongoing operations.

The CGL excludes property damage to your product and your work and recall costs; professional services require separate professional liability coverage.

Missouri minimum financial responsibility limits for private passenger autos are $25,000 per person and $50,000 per accident bodily injury plus $25,000 property damage.

Personal auto policy parts: A liability, B medical payments, C uninsured/underinsured motorists, D damage to your auto (collision and other than collision).

Missouri requires uninsured motorist coverage at the liability limits unless the named insured rejects it in writing.

"Your covered auto" includes listed autos, newly acquired autos (report within 14 days for broad coverage), temporary substitute autos and owned trailers.

The personal auto policy excludes intentional and racing use, livery (carrying persons for a fee), delivery for a fee, and vehicles with fewer than four wheels.

Physical damage pays the lesser of actual cash value or the cost of repair, subject to a deductible; betterment may reduce the payment.

Business auto symbols: 1 any auto, 2 owned autos only, 7 specifically described autos, 8 hired autos, 9 nonowned autos.

Financial responsibility laws require proof of insurance after certain accidents or violations, and an SR-22 filing certifies that coverage is in force.

No-fault laws pay medical and wage losses from the insured's own insurer regardless of fault, sometimes with a tort threshold for pain and suffering claims.

Workers compensation is no-fault and is the exclusive remedy: statutory benefits replace the employee's right to sue the employer for a work injury.

Benefits include medical care, temporary total disability, permanent partial and total disability, death benefits and rehabilitation.

Indemnity benefits are usually about two-thirds of the worker's average weekly wage, subject to a state maximum and duration limits.

Missouri generally requires workers compensation coverage for employers with five or more employees.

Policy parts: Part One workers compensation (statutory benefits, no dollar limit), Part Two employers liability, Part Three other states coverage.

Premium = payroll per $100 x class rate x experience modifier x schedule rating factor.

Class codes group employees by job hazard, and the experience modifier compares the employer's past losses with the average for its classification.

The policy covers injuries in states listed in Item 3; other states insurance can extend coverage to states added during the policy period.

Coverage excludes intentional self-inflicted injury, injuries arising from intoxication, and injuries outside the course and scope of employment.

The businessowners policy packages property, business income and liability for eligible small and medium businesses, commonly with no coinsurance and replacement cost valuation.

BOP eligibility is limited by occupancy type, building size (often up to 25,000 square feet) and building height (apartments up to 6 stories or 60,000 square feet).

An umbrella policy pays above underlying primary limits and above a self-insured retention for losses the primary does not cover, and may drop down when primary limits are exhausted.

Umbrella limits are stated as occurrence and aggregate limits, and the insurer normally requires underlying coverage to be maintained.

Inland marine covers property in transit, mobile property and property of others in the insured's care; the Nationwide Marine Definition governs eligible property.

Common inland marine forms include motor truck cargo, jewelers block, accounts receivable, valuable papers and equipment floaters.

Crime coverage includes employee dishonesty and other insuring agreements such as robbery, safe burglary, computer fraud, funds transfer fraud and counterfeit money.

Employee dishonesty covers theft of money, securities or other property by employees acting alone or in collusion, and requires loss to be discovered within the stated discovery period, often one year.

Computer fraud, funds transfer fraud and money and securities coverage are separate insuring agreements, each with its own limit shown in the declarations.

Missouri insurance regulation is administered by the Missouri Department of Commerce and Insurance, headed by a director appointed by the governor.

An insurer must hold a certificate of authority to transact insurance in Missouri; an insurer without one is unauthorized and its risks must be placed through the surplus lines market.

Producer licenses are issued by line of authority and must be renewed every two years with 16 hours of continuing education, including 3 hours of ethics.

Rebating, twisting, misrepresentation and commingling of premium funds are prohibited unfair trade practices.

Premiums collected for an insurer are held in a fiduciary capacity and must be remitted under the agency agreement.

The director may examine insurers and producers, issue cease-and-desist orders, impose fines, and suspend or revoke licenses.

Most Missouri property and casualty rates are file-and-use and must not be excessive, inadequate or unfairly discriminatory.

Surplus lines business must be placed through a licensed surplus lines broker with an eligible unauthorized insurer after admitted markets decline the risk.

Pure risk involves only loss or no loss and is insurable; speculative risk involves the chance of gain and is generally uninsurable.

Insurable risks are accidental, definite and measurable, calculable, spread over many similar exposure units, and not catastrophic.

Risk management techniques are avoidance, retention, reduction, sharing and transfer.

The indemnity principle restores the insured to approximately the pre-loss financial position and never allows profit from a loss.

Actual cash value = replacement cost minus depreciation; alternatives include market value and the broad evidence rule.

Insurable interest in property must exist at the time of loss; in life insurance it must exist at policy inception.

Utmost good faith requires truthful representations, permits avoidance for material misrepresentation or concealment, and treats warranties as promises that must be literally true.

A valid contract requires offer, acceptance, consideration, legal purpose and competent parties; insurance is aleatory, unilateral, conditional and a contract of adhesion.

Proximate cause links a covered peril to a loss through an unbroken chain of events, and concurrent causation may allow recovery when a covered peril contributes.

Named-peril forms list covered causes of loss, and the insured bears the burden of proving the loss resulted from a listed peril.

Open-peril forms cover all direct physical loss except excluded causes, and the insurer bears the burden of proving an exclusion applies.

Direct loss is physical damage to property; indirect loss includes business income, extra expense and loss of use.

Coinsurance payment = (limit carried divided by limit required) x loss, never exceeding the policy limit.

Deductibles apply per occurrence, and percentage deductibles such as wind or hail apply to the Coverage A limit.

Duties after loss include prompt notice, protecting property from further damage, cooperating, submitting a signed proof of loss and inventorying damaged property.

Other insurance clauses use pro rata contribution or contribution by equal shares to divide a loss among policies.

Standard policy structure is declarations, insuring agreement, conditions, exclusions and definitions.

Common extensions include debris removal, preservation of property and collapse; the insured may not abandon damaged property to the insurer.

HO-3 insures Coverage A dwelling and Coverage B other structures on an open-peril basis, while Coverage C personal property is named peril.

Default HO-3 relative limits: Coverage B is 10% of A, Coverage C is 50% of A and Coverage D is 30% of A.

Coverage D loss of use pays additional living expense and fair rental value for the shortest time to repair or relocate, or until policy expiration.

Coverage C special limits restrict theft of jewelry, watches and furs ($1,500), firearms ($2,500), silverware ($2,500), money ($200) and securities ($1,500).

Section II provides Coverage E personal liability per occurrence and Coverage F medical payments to others, paid without regard to fault.

HO-3 excludes earth movement, flood and standing water, neglect, intentional loss, power failure and business pursuits, with limited exceptions.

HO-4 covers a tenant's personal property and liability; HO-6 covers condominium betterments; HO-8 uses functional replacement cost for older homes.

Dwelling forms DP-1, DP-2 and DP-3 cover the dwelling and personal property but provide no personal liability unless added by endorsement.

Dwelling replacement cost coverage generally requires at least 80% of replacement cost to be carried, and personal property is typically valued at actual cash value unless endorsed.

The Building and Personal Property form covers Coverage A building, Coverage B business personal property and Coverage C personal property of others.

The 80% coinsurance condition requires the insured to carry at least 80% of property value to avoid a reduced loss payment.

The agreed value option suspends coinsurance based on a value stated at policy inception.

Causes of loss forms: Basic and Broad are named peril forms, while Special is open peril with stated exclusions.

Business income pays lost net income and continuing expenses during the period of restoration beginning 72 hours after the direct loss; extra expense pays costs to resume operations.

Business income limits are commonly written as a monthly limit multiplied by the number of months of indemnity.

Debris removal pays $10,000 in addition to the limit plus 25% of the amount paid for direct physical loss.

Building ordinance coverage: A for the undamaged portion of the building, B for demolition cost and C for increased cost of construction.

Equipment breakdown, flood and earthquake are excluded by the special form and require separate coverage or endorsement.

Negligence requires a duty owed, a breach of that duty, proximate cause and actual damages.

Compensatory damages are special (medical bills, lost wages) and general (pain and suffering); punitive damages punish intentional or reckless conduct.

Occurrence policies respond to injury or damage during the policy period; claims-made policies require the claim to be made during the period.

A retroactive date bars claims-made coverage for acts before that date, and an extended reporting period extends the time to report claims after expiration.

Common limits are each occurrence, general aggregate, products-completed operations aggregate and damage to premises rented.

Supplementary payments such as defense costs, bail bonds and loss of earnings are paid in addition to the limit of liability.

Intentional acts are excluded, and vicarious liability makes one party responsible for the acts of another, such as an employer for employees.

A self-insured retention is an amount the insured pays before the policy responds, is not a deductible, and may include defense costs.

Coverage A provides bodily injury and property damage liability caused by an occurrence.

Coverage B provides personal and advertising injury coverage for offenses such as libel, slander, wrongful eviction and invasion of privacy.

Coverage C provides no-fault medical payments for first aid expenses incurred within one year, excluding insureds and employees.

Limits include general aggregate (except products-completed operations), products-completed operations aggregate, each occurrence, damage to premises rented ($100,000 typical) and medical expense.

Exclusions include expected or intended injury, contractual liability, liquor liability, workers compensation and employer's liability, pollution, auto, aircraft, watercraft, and damage to the insured's own property or product.

Host liquor liability is excepted from the liquor exclusion when the insured is not in the business of manufacturing, selling or serving alcohol.

Products-completed operations applies to injury or damage occurring away from the premises after the product or completed work has been released.

Additional insured endorsements and waivers of subrogation are added by endorsement and may restrict coverage to ongoing operations.

The CGL excludes property damage to your product and your work and recall costs; professional services require separate professional liability coverage.

Missouri minimum financial responsibility limits for private passenger autos are $25,000 per person and $50,000 per accident bodily injury plus $25,000 property damage.

Personal auto parts: A liability, B medical payments, C uninsured/underinsured motorists, D damage to your auto (collision and other than collision).

Missouri requires uninsured motorist coverage at the liability limits unless the named insured rejects it in writing.

"Your covered auto" includes listed autos, newly acquired autos (report within 14 days for broad coverage), temporary substitutes and owned trailers.

The personal auto policy excludes intentional and racing use, livery, delivery for a fee, and vehicles with fewer than four wheels.

Physical damage pays the lesser of actual cash value or the cost of repair, subject to a deductible, and betterment may reduce the payment.

Business auto symbols: 1 any auto, 2 owned autos only, 7 specifically described autos, 8 hired autos, 9 nonowned autos.

Financial responsibility laws require proof of insurance after certain accidents or violations, and an SR-22 filing certifies that coverage is in force.

No-fault laws pay medical and wage losses from the insured's own insurer regardless of fault, sometimes with a tort threshold for pain and suffering claims.

Workers compensation is no-fault and is the exclusive remedy: statutory benefits replace the employee's right to sue the employer for a work injury.

Benefits include medical care, temporary total disability, permanent partial and total disability, death benefits and rehabilitation.

Indemnity benefits are usually about two-thirds of the worker's average weekly wage, subject to a state maximum and duration limits.

Missouri generally requires workers compensation coverage for employers with five or more employees.

Policy parts: Part One workers compensation (statutory benefits, no dollar limit), Part Two employers liability, Part Three other states coverage.

Premium = payroll per $100 x class rate x experience modifier x schedule rating factor.

Class codes group employees by job hazard, and the experience modifier compares the employer's past losses with the average for its classification.

The policy covers injuries in states listed in Item 3, and other states insurance can extend coverage to states added during the policy period.

Coverage excludes intentional self-inflicted injury, injuries arising from intoxication, and injuries outside the course and scope of employment.

The businessowners policy packages property, business income and liability for eligible small and medium businesses, commonly with no coinsurance and replacement cost valuation.

BOP eligibility is limited by occupancy type, building size (often up to 25,000 square feet) and building height (apartments up to 6 stories or 60,000 square feet).

An umbrella policy pays above underlying primary limits and above a self-insured retention for losses the primary does not cover, and may drop down when primary limits are exhausted.

Umbrella limits are stated as occurrence and aggregate limits, and the insurer normally requires underlying coverage to be maintained.

Inland marine covers property in transit, mobile property and property of others in the insured's care; the Nationwide Marine Definition governs eligible property.

Common inland marine forms include motor truck cargo, jewelers block, accounts receivable, valuable papers and equipment floaters.

Crime coverage includes employee dishonesty plus other insuring agreements such as robbery, safe burglary, computer fraud, funds transfer fraud and counterfeit money.

Employee dishonesty covers theft of money, securities or other property by employees acting alone or in collusion, with loss required to be discovered within the stated discovery period, often one year.

Computer fraud, funds transfer fraud and money and securities coverage are separate insuring agreements, each with its own limit shown in the declarations.

Missouri insurance regulation is administered by the Missouri Department of Commerce and Insurance, headed by a director appointed by the governor.

An insurer must hold a certificate of authority to transact insurance in Missouri; an insurer without one is unauthorized and must be handled through the surplus lines market.

Producer licenses are issued by line of authority and renewed every two years with 16 hours of continuing education, including 3 hours of ethics.

Rebating, twisting, misrepresentation and commingling of premium funds are prohibited unfair trade practices.

Premiums collected for an insurer are held in a fiduciary capacity and must be remitted under the agency agreement.

The director may examine insurers and producers, issue cease-and-desist orders, impose fines and suspend or revoke licenses.

Most Missouri property and casualty rates are file-and-use and must not be excessive, inadequate or unfairly discriminatory.

Surplus lines business must be placed through a licensed surplus lines broker with an eligible unauthorized insurer after admitted markets decline the risk.

Pure risk involves only loss or no loss and is insurable; speculative risk involves the chance of gain and is generally uninsurable.

Insurable risks are accidental, definite and measurable, calculable, spread over many similar exposure units and not catastrophic.

Risk management techniques are avoidance, retention, reduction, sharing and transfer.

The indemnity principle restores the insured to approximately the pre-loss financial position and never allows profit from a loss.

Actual cash value = replacement cost minus depreciation; alternatives include market value and the broad evidence rule.

Insurable interest in property must exist at the time of loss; in life insurance it must exist at policy inception.

Utmost good faith requires truthful representations, permits avoidance for material misrepresentation or concealment, and treats warranties as promises that must be literally true.

A valid contract requires offer, acceptance, consideration, legal purpose and competent parties; insurance is aleatory, unilateral, conditional and a contract of adhesion.

Proximate cause links a covered peril to a loss through an unbroken chain of events, and concurrent causation may allow recovery when a covered peril contributes.

Named-peril forms list covered causes of loss, and the insured bears the burden of proving the loss resulted from a listed peril.

Open-peril forms cover all direct physical loss except excluded causes, and the insurer bears the burden of proving an exclusion applies.

Direct loss is physical damage to property; indirect loss includes business income, extra expense and loss of use.

Coinsurance payment = (limit carried divided by limit required) x loss, never exceeding the policy limit.

Deductibles apply per occurrence, and percentage deductibles such as wind or hail apply to the Coverage A limit.

Duties after loss include prompt notice, protecting property from further damage, cooperating, submitting a signed proof of loss and inventorying damaged property.

Other insurance clauses use pro rata contribution or contribution by equal shares to divide a loss among policies.

Standard policy structure is declarations, insuring agreement, conditions, exclusions and definitions.

Common extensions include debris removal, preservation of property and collapse; the insured may not abandon damaged property to the insurer.

HO-3 insures Coverage A dwelling and Coverage B other structures on an open-peril basis, while Coverage C personal property is named peril.

Default HO-3 relative limits: Coverage B is 10% of A, Coverage C is 50% of A and Coverage D is 30% of A.

Coverage D loss of use pays additional living expense and fair rental value for the shortest time to repair or relocate, or until policy expiration.

Coverage C special limits restrict theft of jewelry, watches and furs ($1,500), firearms ($2,500), silverware ($2,500), money ($200) and securities ($1,500).

Section II provides Coverage E personal liability per occurrence and Coverage F medical payments to others, paid without regard to fault.

HO-3 excludes earth movement, flood and standing water, neglect, intentional loss, power failure and business pursuits, with limited exceptions.

HO-4 covers a tenant's personal property and liability; HO-6 covers condominium betterments; HO-8 uses functional replacement cost for older homes.

Dwelling forms DP-1, DP-2 and DP-3 cover the dwelling and personal property but provide no personal liability unless added by endorsement.

Dwelling replacement cost coverage generally requires at least 80% of replacement cost to be carried, and personal property is typically valued at actual cash value unless endorsed.

The Building and Personal Property form covers Coverage A building, Coverage B business personal property and Coverage C personal property of others.

The 80% coinsurance condition requires the insured to carry at least 80% of property value to avoid a reduced loss payment.

The agreed value option suspends coinsurance based on a value stated at policy inception.

Causes of loss forms: Basic and Broad are named peril forms, while Special is open peril with stated exclusions.

Business income pays lost net income and continuing expenses during the period of restoration beginning 72 hours after the direct loss; extra expense pays costs to resume operations.

Business income limits are commonly written as a monthly limit multiplied by the number of months of indemnity.

Debris removal pays $10,000 in addition to the limit plus 25% of the amount paid for direct physical loss.

Building ordinance coverage: A for the undamaged portion of the building, B for demolition cost and C for increased cost of construction.

Equipment breakdown, flood and earthquake are excluded by the special form and require separate coverage or endorsement.

Negligence requires a duty owed, a breach of that duty, proximate cause and actual damages.

Compensatory damages are special (medical bills, lost wages) and general (pain and suffering); punitive damages punish intentional or reckless conduct.

Occurrence policies respond to injury or damage during the policy period; claims-made policies require the claim to be made during the period.

A retroactive date bars claims-made coverage for acts before that date, and an extended reporting period extends the time to report claims after expiration.

Common limits are each occurrence, general aggregate, products-completed operations aggregate and damage to premises rented.

Supplementary payments such as defense costs, bail bonds and loss of earnings are paid in addition to the limit of liability.

Intentional acts are excluded, and vicarious liability makes one party responsible for the acts of another, such as an employer for employees.

A self-insured retention is an amount the insured pays before the policy responds, is not a deductible, and may include defense costs.

Coverage A provides bodily injury and property damage liability caused by an occurrence.

Coverage B provides personal and advertising injury coverage for offenses such as libel, slander, wrongful eviction and invasion of privacy.

Coverage C provides no-fault medical payments for first aid expenses incurred within one year, excluding insureds and employees.

Limits include general aggregate (except products-completed operations), products-completed operations aggregate, each occurrence, damage to premises rented ($100,000 typical) and medical expense.

Exclusions include expected or intended injury, contractual liability, liquor liability, workers compensation and employer's liability, pollution, auto, aircraft, watercraft, and damage to the insured's own property or product.

Host liquor liability is excepted from the liquor exclusion when the insured is not in the business of manufacturing, selling or serving alcohol.

Products-completed operations applies to injury or damage occurring away from the premises after the product or completed work has been released.

Additional insured endorsements and waivers of subrogation are added by endorsement and may restrict coverage to ongoing operations.

The CGL excludes property damage to your product and your work and recall costs; professional services require separate professional liability coverage.

Missouri minimum financial responsibility limits for private passenger autos are $25,000 per person and $50,000 per accident bodily injury plus $25,000 property damage.

Personal auto parts: A liability, B medical payments, C uninsured/underinsured motorists, D damage to your auto (collision and other than collision).

Missouri requires uninsured motorist coverage at the liability limits unless the named insured rejects it in writing.

"Your covered auto" includes listed autos, newly acquired autos (report within 14 days for broad coverage), temporary substitutes and owned trailers.

The personal auto policy excludes intentional and racing use, livery, delivery for a fee, and vehicles with fewer than four wheels.

Physical damage pays the lesser of actual cash value or the cost of repair, subject to a deductible, and betterment may reduce the payment.

Business auto symbols: 1 any auto, 2 owned autos only, 7 specifically described autos, 8 hired autos, 9 nonowned autos.

Financial responsibility laws require proof of insurance after certain accidents or violations, and an SR-22 filing certifies that coverage is in force.

No-fault laws pay medical and wage losses from the insured's own insurer regardless of fault, sometimes with a tort threshold for pain and suffering claims.

Workers compensation is no-fault and is the exclusive remedy: statutory benefits replace the employee's right to sue the employer for a work injury.

Benefits include medical care, temporary total disability, permanent partial and total disability, death benefits and rehabilitation.

Indemnity benefits are usually about two-thirds of the worker's average weekly wage, subject to a state maximum and duration limits.

Missouri generally requires workers compensation coverage for employers with five or more employees.

Policy parts: Part One workers compensation (statutory benefits, no dollar limit), Part Two employers liability, Part Three other states coverage.

Premium = payroll per $100 x class rate x experience modifier x schedule rating factor.

Class codes group employees by job hazard, and the experience modifier compares the employer's past losses with the average for its classification.

The policy covers injuries in states listed in Item 3, and other states insurance can extend coverage to states added during the policy period.

Coverage excludes intentional self-inflicted injury, injuries arising from intoxication, and injuries outside the course and scope of employment.

The businessowners policy packages property, business income and liability for eligible small and medium businesses, commonly with no coinsurance and replacement cost valuation.

BOP eligibility is limited by occupancy type, building size (often up to 25,000 square feet) and building height (apartments up to 6 stories or 60,000 square feet).

An umbrella policy pays above underlying primary limits and above a self-insured retention for losses the primary does not cover, and may drop down when primary limits are exhausted.

Umbrella limits are stated as occurrence and aggregate limits, and the insurer normally requires underlying coverage to be maintained.

Inland marine covers property in transit, mobile property and property of others in the insured's care; the Nationwide Marine Definition governs eligible property.

Common inland marine forms include motor truck cargo, jewelers block, accounts receivable, valuable papers and equipment floaters.

Crime coverage includes employee dishonesty plus other insuring agreements such as robbery, safe burglary, computer fraud, funds transfer fraud and counterfeit money.

Employee dishonesty covers theft of money, securities or other property by employees acting alone or in collusion, with loss required to be discovered within the stated discovery period, often one year.

Computer fraud, funds transfer fraud and money and securities coverage are separate insuring agreements, each with its own limit shown in the declarations.