AFM Enlistment (English) flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Comma splice
- A comma splice joins two independent clauses with only a comma; correct it with a conjunction, semicolon, or period.
- Affect versus effect
- Affect is usually a verb meaning to influence, while effect is usually a noun meaning a result or outcome.
- Subject-verb agreement
- A verb agrees with its subject in number; phrases between them do not change the subject's number, as in 'The list of items is long.'
- Dangling modifier
- An introductory participial phrase must modify the sentence's subject; otherwise it dangles, as in 'Walking home, the rain began.'
- Inference in reading
- An inference is a conclusion supported by textual evidence and logic; it is not a guess unsupported by the passage.
- Main idea
- The main idea is the central point covering the whole passage, not a single supporting detail or isolated example.
- Percent change formula
- Percent change equals new value minus old value, divided by old value, then multiplied by 100.
- Ratio share
- For a ratio a:b, the total has a+b parts; the share for a is total multiplied by a/(a+b).
- Average formula
- Average equals the sum of values divided by the number of values; therefore sum equals average times count.
- Simple interest
- Simple interest equals principal times annual interest rate times time in years, written I = P × r × t.
- Speed formula
- Speed equals distance divided by time; time equals distance divided by speed; distance equals speed multiplied by time.
- Map data units
- Before calculating from a chart, match all values to the same unit and read the axis labels, including multipliers such as thousands.
- Contrapositive
- The contrapositive of 'If P then Q' is 'If not Q then not P'; the two statements are logically equivalent.
- Syllogism validity
- A syllogism is valid when its conclusion follows necessarily from its premises; validity does not depend on whether the premises are true.
- Converse error
- Treating 'If P then Q' as equivalent to 'If Q then P' is invalid; the converse does not follow from the original conditional.
- Number series strategy
- In a number series, test successive differences, ratios, alternating sequences, squares, primes, and combined patterns before choosing the next term.
- Necessary condition
- P is necessary for Q when Q cannot occur without P; symbolically, Q implies P, or Q → P.
- Lever balance
- A lever balances when effort times effort arm equals load times load arm, using perpendicular distances from the pivot.
- Mechanical advantage
- Mechanical advantage equals load divided by effort; for an ideal lever it also equals effort arm divided by load arm.
- Pressure formula
- Pressure equals force divided by area; the same force applied over a smaller area produces a larger pressure.
- Gear ratio
- Gear ratio equals driven gear teeth divided by driving gear teeth; a larger driven gear turns slower and delivers more torque.
- Work and power
- Work equals force times distance moved in the force's direction; power equals work divided by time.
- Map scale
- Actual distance equals map distance multiplied by the scale factor; convert both measurements to the same unit before calculating.
- Contour steepness
- On a contour map, lines closer together indicate a steeper slope, while widely spaced lines indicate gentler terrain.
- Cube net opposites
- On a standard cube net, faces separated by exactly one face in a straight line become opposite faces when folded.
- Mental rotation
- When mentally rotating a shape, track a distinctive feature such as a notch; rotation preserves handedness, whereas reflection reverses it.
- Mirror image
- A mirror image reverses left and right relative to the mirror plane; it does not reverse up and down.
- United Nations membership
- The United Nations has 193 member states; its headquarters is in New York City, and the Holy See and Palestine are permanent observers.
- NATO membership
- NATO has 32 member states as of 2024, after Sweden joined; Article 5 treats an armed attack on one member as an attack on all.
- Eurozone size
- The euro is the official currency of 20 European Union member states as of 2024; the EU itself has 27 member states.
- Earth atmosphere
- Earth's atmosphere is about 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen by volume, with argon and trace gases making up most of the remainder.
- Light speed
- The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 300,000 kilometers per second, or about 186,000 miles per second.