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MATSEC IM Information Technology study materials
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MATSEC IM Information Technology practice questions

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Question 1Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which of the following best describes the role of a compiler in an information technology system?

  1. It manages the allocation of memory to running processes.
  2. It stores the source code and data of a running program in secondary storage.
  3. It executes a high-level program one statement at a time, translating as it goes.
  4. It translates a high-level source program into machine code before the program is run. Correct answer.

Explanation

A compiler performs translation ahead of execution, producing an object or executable file from source code. Interpretation is the alternative approach, where translation happens during execution. Memory allocation is a function of the operating system, not the compiler.

Question 2Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A student saves a document and later notices the file has a .png extension. Which type of data does this file most likely contain?

  1. A relational database table
  2. A raster image composed of pixels Correct answer.
  3. A compressed audio stream
  4. Plain text characters encoded with a character set

Explanation

The .png extension identifies the Portable Network Graphics format, which stores raster images made up of pixels. Text files typically use .txt, databases use proprietary formats, and audio commonly uses .mp3 or .wav. The extension therefore signals an image file.

Question 3Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

In a spreadsheet, the formula =SUM(A1:A5) is entered in cell B1. What does this formula compute?

  1. The total of the values in cells A1 through A5 Correct answer.
  2. The largest value found in cells A1 through A5
  3. The product of the values in cells A1 and A5
  4. The average of the values in cells A1 through A5

Explanation

The SUM function adds together all the values in the range given as its argument. The colon in A1:A5 denotes a rectangular range from A1 to A5 inclusive. Other functions such as AVERAGE and MAX would be needed for the alternatives.

Question 4Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which hardware component is responsible for carrying out the arithmetic and logical operations of a computer?

  1. The random access memory
  2. The arithmetic logic unit Correct answer.
  3. The input/output controller
  4. The control unit

Explanation

The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is the part of the processor that performs arithmetic such as addition and logic such as comparisons. The control unit coordinates instruction sequencing, memory holds data temporarily, and I/O controllers manage peripherals.

Question 5Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which of the following is the main purpose of a primary key in a relational database table?

  1. To link the table to a spreadsheet application
  2. To sort the records alphabetically by default
  3. To encrypt sensitive fields in the table
  4. To uniquely identify each record in the table Correct answer.

Explanation

A primary key is a field or combination of fields whose value is unique for every record and never null, so each row can be identified unambiguously. Sorting is a separate operation, and encryption is unrelated to key constraints. Foreign keys, not primary keys, are used to link tables.

Question 6Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which network device forwards data packets between different networks by examining their destination IP addresses?

  1. A hub
  2. A router Correct answer.
  3. A network interface card
  4. A repeater

Explanation

A router operates at the network layer and uses destination IP addresses to decide which network a packet should be forwarded to. Hubs and repeaters simply regenerate or broadcast signals within a local segment, and a network interface card connects a single host to the medium.

Question 7Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which of the following is an example of system software rather than application software?

  1. A photo-editing program
  2. An operating system Correct answer.
  3. A word-processing package
  4. A web browser

Explanation

System software manages the hardware and provides a platform for other programs; the operating system is the classic example. Word processors, browsers, and photo editors are application software used to perform user tasks.

Question 8Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

In a spreadsheet, what is the effect of writing =$B$2 in a formula and then copying that formula to another cell?

  1. The reference changes only if the row changes.
  2. The reference always continues to point to cell B2. Correct answer.
  3. The reference becomes invalid and produces an error.
  4. The reference changes to match the new row and column.

Explanation

The dollar signs create an absolute reference, so both the column and row are fixed when the formula is copied. A relative reference such as B2 would adjust to the new position. Absolute references are used when a fixed cell must always be read.

Question 9Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A company stores customer records in a table. Which field would be the most suitable choice for a foreign key in an orders table?

  1. The total value of the order
  2. The customer identifier from the customer table Correct answer.
  3. The order date
  4. The name of the sales assistant

Explanation

A foreign key holds a value that matches the primary key of another table, creating a relationship between the two. The customer identifier is the primary key of the customer table, so placing it in the orders table links each order to its customer. Dates, amounts, and names do not identify a customer uniquely.

Question 10Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which of the following best explains why a solid-state drive generally accesses data faster than a magnetic hard disk drive?

  1. It stores data on rotating platters that spin at high speed.
  2. It keeps all data permanently in the processor cache.
  3. It uses a laser to read pits burned into an optical surface.
  4. It has no moving parts because data is held in flash memory cells. Correct answer.

Explanation

A solid-state drive uses flash memory with no mechanical components, so there is no seek delay while a read head moves to a track. A hard disk must physically position its head over spinning platters, which adds latency. Optical and cache storage are different technologies altogether.

Question 11Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A programmer writes a loop that should run exactly ten times but the counter is initialised to 1 and the condition is counter < 10. What is the result?

  1. The loop runs ten times as intended.
  2. The loop never executes.
  3. The loop runs eleven times.
  4. The loop runs nine times. Correct answer.

Explanation

With the counter starting at 1 and continuing while it is less than 10, the values used are 1 through 9, giving nine iterations. To obtain ten iterations the condition should be counter <= 10 or the counter should start at 0. This is an example of an off-by-one error.

Question 12Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which statement correctly distinguishes lossy from lossless compression?

  1. Lossy compression removes some data permanently, whereas lossless compression allows the original to be reconstructed exactly. Correct answer.
  2. Lossy compression allows exact reconstruction, whereas lossless compression discards some data.
  3. Lossy compression only applies to text files, whereas lossless compression only applies to images.
  4. Lossy compression always produces larger files than lossless compression.

Explanation

Lossy compression achieves smaller sizes by discarding detail that cannot be recovered, which is acceptable for images, audio, and video where small quality losses are tolerable. Lossless compression exploits redundancy so the original data can be rebuilt exactly, which is essential for text and program files.

Question 13Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A user reports that a web page cannot be reached, but other pages on the same site load correctly. Which is the most likely cause?

  1. The computer's operating system has failed to start.
  2. The specific page's URL is incorrect or the page has been removed. Correct answer.
  3. The monitor is not switched on.
  4. The network cable connecting the computer is disconnected.

Explanation

If other pages on the same site load, connectivity and the server are working, so the fault is specific to the requested resource. An incorrect URL or a removed page would produce this symptom. Cable, operating system, and monitor faults would affect all pages or the whole machine.

Question 14Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

In a relational database, which SQL clause is used to filter the rows returned by a query according to a condition?

  1. ORDER BY
  2. GROUP BY
  3. HAVING
  4. WHERE Correct answer.

Explanation

The WHERE clause specifies a condition that each row must satisfy before it is included in the result. ORDER BY sorts the output, GROUP BY collects rows into groups, and HAVING filters groups after aggregation rather than individual rows.

Question 15Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which characteristic of a spreadsheet makes it suitable for modelling a budget where one input value affects many calculated cells?

  1. It compresses images to save disk space.
  2. It recalculates dependent formulas automatically when an input changes. Correct answer.
  3. It stores data in fixed-width text columns.
  4. It encrypts every cell with a separate key.

Explanation

Spreadsheets build a dependency graph among formulas, so changing an input cell triggers recalculation of every cell that depends on it. This makes them useful for what-if modelling of budgets. Fixed-width text, image compression, and per-cell encryption are not spreadsheet features relevant here.

Question 16Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

What is the main function of the Domain Name System (DNS) on the internet?

  1. To encrypt data sent between web browsers and servers
  2. To compress web pages before transmission
  3. To assign a unique physical address to each network card
  4. To translate human-readable domain names into IP addresses Correct answer.

Explanation

DNS is a distributed naming service that resolves a domain name such as a website address into the numeric IP address needed for routing. Encryption is handled by protocols such as TLS, physical addresses are set by the hardware manufacturer, and compression is performed by other protocols.

Question 17Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which of the following is the best example of a validation check rather than a verification check when entering data?

  1. Checking that a date field contains a valid calendar date Correct answer.
  2. Typing a password twice and comparing the two entries
  3. Asking a second operator to re-enter the same data
  4. Scanning a barcode and comparing it with the printed number

Explanation

Validation checks whether data is reasonable and acceptable according to rules such as range, type, or format; a date range check is a typical example. Verification instead compares data against its original source to confirm it was copied correctly. Double entry, double typing, and barcode comparison are verification methods.

Question 18Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

An organisation wants to reduce the risk of losing critical data held on a server. Which measure addresses this risk most directly?

  1. Performing regular backups to a separate location Correct answer.
  2. Adding more user accounts to the system
  3. Increasing the screen resolution of the server console
  4. Installing a faster processor in the server

Explanation

Regular backups stored separately allow data to be restored if the server fails or is damaged, which directly mitigates data loss. Screen resolution, processor speed, and additional accounts do not protect against loss of stored data and may even increase risk.

Question 19Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which of the following describes a local area network (LAN) rather than a wide area network (WAN)?

  1. It requires public internet infrastructure to function.
  2. It always uses satellite links for communication.
  3. It connects devices across several countries using leased lines.
  4. It covers a small geographical area such as a single building. Correct answer.

Explanation

A LAN spans a limited area such as an office or school and is usually owned and managed by the organisation. A WAN covers a larger geographical area and often relies on leased lines or public infrastructure. Satellite links and the public internet are associated with wide-area communication.

Question 20Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

In a programming language, what is the difference between a variable declared as a constant and an ordinary variable?

  1. A constant can hold only numeric values.
  2. A constant can be used only inside a loop.
  3. A constant's value cannot be changed after it is assigned. Correct answer.
  4. A constant is stored only in secondary storage.

Explanation

A constant is an identifier whose value is fixed once assigned, which helps prevent accidental modification and documents intent. It can hold any data type, is held in memory like other variables, and may be used anywhere in its scope.

Question 21Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A binary search is performed on a sorted array of 1000 elements. Approximately how many comparisons are needed in the worst case?

  1. About 500
  2. About 10 Correct answer.
  3. About 1000
  4. About 100

Explanation

Binary search halves the remaining search interval at each step, so the worst-case number of comparisons is about log base 2 of the number of elements. Since 2 to the power 10 is 1024, roughly ten comparisons suffice for 1000 elements. Linear scanning would require up to 1000 comparisons.

Question 22Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A database table stores student marks. A query groups rows by class and returns only classes whose average mark exceeds 60. Which clause is essential for the condition on the average?

  1. ORDER BY
  2. DISTINCT
  3. WHERE
  4. HAVING Correct answer.

Explanation

Conditions applied to aggregate results such as an average must be expressed in a HAVING clause, which is evaluated after grouping. The WHERE clause filters individual rows before grouping and cannot test an aggregate. ORDER BY and DISTINCT do not apply conditions.

Question 23Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

In a two's complement representation using 8 bits, what is the decimal value of the binary pattern 11111111?

  1. 128
  2. 255
  3. -127
  4. -1 Correct answer.

Explanation

In 8-bit two's complement, the leftmost bit has a place value of negative 128, and the remaining seven bits contribute 127, giving a total of -1. The unsigned interpretation would be 255, which is why the signed interpretation must be specified. The range of an 8-bit signed value is -128 to 127.

Question 24Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A web page is delivered over HTTPS. Which statement best describes the protection this provides?

  1. It ensures the page loads faster than over plain HTTP.
  2. It guarantees that the website's content is factually accurate.
  3. It encrypts traffic between the browser and the server and authenticates the server. Correct answer.
  4. It prevents the server from storing any personal data.

Explanation

HTTPS uses TLS to encrypt the connection and to authenticate the server through its certificate, protecting data in transit from eavesdropping and tampering. It says nothing about the accuracy of content or the server's data retention practices, and it adds processing overhead rather than guaranteeing speed.

Question 25Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A recursive function lacks a correct base case. Which outcome is most likely when it is executed?

  1. It executes faster because no terminating condition is checked.
  2. It returns an incorrect result but terminates normally.
  3. It is converted automatically into an iterative loop by the compiler.
  4. It recurses indefinitely until a stack overflow occurs. Correct answer.

Explanation

A recursive function must have a base case that stops further calls; without one, each call adds a new stack frame until the call stack is exhausted. This produces a stack overflow or runtime error rather than a normal return. Compilers do not generally convert such faulty recursion into a correct loop.

Question 26Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which type of software licence typically allows a user to inspect and modify the source code of a program?

  1. Shareware licence
  2. Proprietary licence
  3. Freeware licence
  4. Open-source licence Correct answer.

Explanation

An open-source licence grants access to the source code and permits modification and redistribution under stated conditions. Proprietary, shareware and freeware licences normally distribute only compiled binaries, so the source remains unavailable.

Question 27Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which number base is used internally by most digital computers when storing and processing data?

  1. Base 16
  2. Base 8
  3. Base 10
  4. Base 2 Correct answer.

Explanation

Digital circuits have two stable states, so data is represented and processed in binary, which is base 2. Octal and hexadecimal are convenient shorthand notations for humans reading binary, not the internal representation.

Question 28Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which unit of storage is equal to 1024 megabytes?

  1. One gigabyte Correct answer.
  2. One terabyte
  3. One bit
  4. One kilobyte

Explanation

In binary-based storage notation, 1024 megabytes make one gigabyte because each step multiplies by 1024. A kilobyte is smaller than a megabyte and a terabyte is 1024 gigabytes, so neither matches.

Question 29Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which input device is most suitable for capturing a handwritten signature directly onto a computer system?

  1. Optical mark reader
  2. Bar code scanner
  3. Graphics tablet Correct answer.
  4. Magnetic stripe reader

Explanation

A graphics tablet with a stylus records the continuous movement of a pen, which suits capturing a handwritten signature. The other devices read marks, codes or stripes and cannot record freehand strokes.

Question 30Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which type of printer works by fusing powdered toner onto paper using heat and pressure?

  1. Laser printer Correct answer.
  2. Thermal printer
  3. Dot matrix printer
  4. Inkjet printer

Explanation

A laser printer forms an electrostatic image, applies toner powder and fuses it to the paper with heated rollers. Inkjet printers spray liquid ink, dot matrix printers strike a ribbon and thermal printers use heat-sensitive paper.

Question 31Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which of the following is an example of a system development life cycle model that delivers software in short, repeated iterations?

  1. Waterfall model
  2. V-model
  3. Agile development Correct answer.
  4. Spiral model

Explanation

Agile development breaks work into short iterations that each produce working software, allowing frequent feedback. The waterfall, spiral and V-models are structured around larger sequential or risk-driven phases rather than short repeated delivery cycles.

Question 32Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

In a relational database, what does the term 'primary key' describe?

  1. A field that links a table to a record in another table
  2. A field whose value uniquely identifies each record in a table Correct answer.
  3. A field that may contain repeated values across records
  4. A field that stores automatically calculated totals

Explanation

A primary key is a column or combination of columns whose value is unique for every row and never null, so each record can be identified. A field linking to another table is a foreign key, and repeated values are not permitted in a primary key.

Question 33Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

Which of the following best describes the purpose of a firewall on a network?

  1. It converts domain names into IP addresses
  2. It stores copies of web pages to speed up later requests
  3. It assigns IP addresses automatically to connected devices
  4. It filters incoming and outgoing traffic according to defined rules Correct answer.

Explanation

A firewall inspects network traffic and permits or blocks it according to configured rules, forming a barrier between networks. Address assignment, name resolution and page caching are handled by other services.

Question 34Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A student writes the expression 7 MOD 3 in a programming language. What value is produced?

  1. 3
  2. 1 Correct answer.
  3. 4
  4. 2

Explanation

The MOD operator returns the remainder after integer division. Seven divided by three gives two with a remainder of one, so the result is 1.

Question 35Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A program reads a value into a variable declared as an integer, but the user types the word 'seven'. What is the most likely result?

  1. The variable silently stores the number 7
  2. A runtime error occurs when the input is converted Correct answer.
  3. The program treats the value as the integer 0
  4. The input is stored as a string in the integer variable

Explanation

Converting text that is not numeric into an integer fails, and most languages raise a runtime or conversion error at that point. The program cannot infer the intended value, and a strongly typed integer variable cannot hold a string.

Question 36Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A text file is opened for reading and the program reads records one line at a time until the end of the file is reached. Which construct is most appropriate for this task?

  1. A single assignment statement
  2. A loop controlled by an end-of-file condition Correct answer.
  3. A constant declaration
  4. A procedure definition without a call

Explanation

Reading until the file ends requires repetition whose stopping condition is detection of end-of-file, which a conditional loop provides. A single assignment, an uncalled procedure or a constant declaration performs no repeated reading.

Question 37Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A validation rule requires that an examination mark entered into a system lies between 0 and 100 inclusive. A user enters 105. What should the system do?

  1. Round the value to the nearest multiple of ten
  2. Accept the value and store it as 100
  3. Reject the value and request a valid mark Correct answer.
  4. Accept the value because it is numeric

Explanation

A range check verifies that data falls within defined limits, so 105 breaches the rule and should be rejected with a prompt for re-entry. Silently altering or accepting the value defeats the purpose of validation.

Question 38Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A spreadsheet cell contains the formula =SUM(A1:A5) and the value in A3 is changed from 4 to 10. What happens to the displayed total?

  1. It doubles because the range is recalculated twice
  2. It stays the same until the formula is retyped
  3. It shows an error because A3 was edited
  4. It increases by 6 because the formula recalculates Correct answer.

Explanation

Spreadsheet formulas recalculate automatically when a referenced cell changes, so the sum rises by the difference of 6. No manual retyping is needed and no error is produced by an ordinary edit.

Question 39Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A school wants each student record to include a photograph. Which data type is most appropriate for storing the photograph itself in the database?

  1. A binary large object Correct answer.
  2. A date
  3. A short integer
  4. A Boolean

Explanation

Images are large blocks of binary data, so a binary large object field is designed to hold them. Integer, Boolean and date types hold small scalar values and cannot store image content.

Question 40Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A web page uses a style sheet stored in an external file. What is the main advantage of this arrangement?

  1. Search engines can index the style sheet as page content
  2. Each page loads faster because styles are embedded
  3. One change to the file updates the appearance of many pages Correct answer.
  4. The pages no longer require any HTML markup

Explanation

An external style sheet separates presentation from content, so editing a single file restyles every page that links to it. It does not remove the need for HTML, and the style file itself is not page content.

Question 41Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

In a computer network, what is the role of a switch?

  1. It forwards frames to the specific device on the local network addressed by the frame Correct answer.
  2. It chooses the best route between distant networks
  3. It converts analogue signals into digital data
  4. It provides a permanent IP address to every device

Explanation

A switch learns which MAC address is reachable on each port and forwards each frame only to the relevant port. Routing between distant networks, signal conversion and address assignment are performed by other devices.

Question 42Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A company wants staff to access shared files from outside the office without exposing the internal network directly to the internet. Which technology is designed for this purpose?

  1. A virtual private network Correct answer.
  2. A print server
  3. A DNS forwarder
  4. A proxy cache server

Explanation

A virtual private network creates an encrypted tunnel so remote users can reach internal resources as though connected locally, without exposing the whole network. Proxy caches, print servers and DNS forwarders provide unrelated services.

Question 43Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A program uses a linear search on a list of 500 items. In the worst case, how many comparisons must it make?

  1. 250
  2. 1
  3. 500 Correct answer.
  4. 9

Explanation

A linear search checks items one by one from the start, so the worst case examines every item before finding the target or concluding it is absent. Halving the count or taking a logarithm applies to other search methods.

Question 44Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A company stores backup copies on tapes kept in a separate building from the main server. Which risk does this practice mainly reduce?

  1. Failure of the tape drive mechanism
  2. Corruption of data during transmission
  3. Loss of both the original data and the backup in one incident Correct answer.
  4. Unauthorised access to the backup tapes

Explanation

Keeping backups off-site means a fire, flood or theft affecting the main site does not destroy the copies as well. It does not by itself prevent unauthorised access, transmission errors or hardware failure.

Question 45Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A programmer writes a function that calls itself with a smaller argument each time and stops when the argument reaches zero. Which term describes this technique?

  1. Iteration
  2. Recursion Correct answer.
  3. Overloading
  4. Compilation

Explanation

A function that calls itself to solve a smaller version of the same problem uses recursion, and the zero case is the base case that ends it. Iteration uses loops rather than self-calls, while compilation and overloading describe unrelated concepts.

Question 46Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A programmer needs to store the number of pupils in each of 30 classes and later compute their average. Which data structure is most suitable?

  1. A one-dimensional array of 30 integers Correct answer.
  2. A single integer variable
  3. A two-dimensional array of 30 by 30 integers
  4. A Boolean variable

Explanation

Thirty related whole-number values of the same type are best held in a one-dimensional array, which allows indexed access and simple traversal for the average. A single variable holds one value, a 30 by 30 array wastes space, and a Boolean holds only two states.

Question 47Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A 4-bit register holds the value 0110. It is shifted two places to the left and the vacated bits are filled with zeros. What is the resulting binary value?

  1. 1000 Correct answer.
  2. 0110
  3. 1100
  4. 0001

Explanation

Each left shift moves every bit one place towards the most significant end and inserts a zero at the least significant end. Shifting 0110 left twice gives 1000, since the leading 1 moves beyond the four bits and is discarded.

Question 48Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A programmer compares two floating-point values calculated by different methods and finds they differ by a tiny amount. Which approach is most reliable for deciding whether they are equal?

  1. Compare only the first digit of each value
  2. Convert both values to integers by truncation and compare
  3. Check whether the absolute difference is below a chosen tolerance Correct answer.
  4. Check whether the two values are exactly identical

Explanation

Floating-point arithmetic introduces small rounding errors, so equality is tested by comparing the difference against a tolerance rather than demanding exact identity. Truncation discards meaningful precision and comparing one digit loses almost all information.

Question 49Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

A system stores dates as three separate integer fields for day, month and year. A query must find all records created within a given calendar year. What is the main consequence of this design?

  1. Each record must contain a duplicate copy of the full date
  2. The year field must be stored as text to allow comparison
  3. The records cannot be sorted by date under any circumstances
  4. The query must extract and compare the year field separately rather than using a single date value Correct answer.

Explanation

Splitting a date into components means any date-based search must reconstruct or target the relevant field, making queries and comparisons more complex. Sorting is still possible using multiple fields, and no duplication or text conversion is required.

Question 50Information Technology (Intermediate Matriculation syllabus content)

An organisation processes payments and requires that each transaction is either fully completed or fully undone, even if a failure occurs midway. Which property of transactions provides this guarantee?

  1. Durability
  2. Atomicity Correct answer.
  3. Consistency
  4. Isolation

Explanation

Atomicity treats a transaction as a single indivisible unit, so a partial failure rolls back all changes. Durability concerns survival after completion, consistency concerns valid states, and isolation concerns concurrent transactions.