MTTC Health and Physical Education (112/113) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Health Belief Model

A framework stating that health behavior depends on perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy.

Transtheoretical Model stages

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance describe readiness to change; interventions are matched to the learner's current stage to reduce resistance and support progress.

Reciprocal determinism

In Social Cognitive Theory, the mutual influence among personal factors, behavior, and the environment; changing one element can alter the other two over time.

Self-efficacy

A person's belief in their capability to perform a specific behavior successfully; it is built through mastery experiences, vicarious modeling, verbal persuasion, and interpretation of physiological feedback.

Health literacy

The ability to obtain, process, understand, and use health information to make informed decisions and navigate health services; it supports preventive behavior and self-management.

Dimensions of wellness

Physical, emotional, social, intellectual, spiritual, occupational, and environmental domains that interact to shape overall health; wellness is more than the absence of disease.

MyPlate proportions

A nutrition guidance model that fills half the plate with fruits and vegetables and allocates smaller portions to grains, protein foods, and dairy; it emphasizes variety and limits on added sugars and sodium.

Macronutrient energy values

Carbohydrate and protein provide 4 kilocalories per gram, fat provides 9, and alcohol provides 7; these values estimate energy intake from food labels and diet records.

Chain of infection

Six links-infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host; breaking any one link can prevent or control transmission.

Herd immunity

Indirect protection that occurs when a sufficient proportion of a population is immune, reducing transmission to susceptible people; the threshold varies by pathogen and is higher for highly contagious diseases.

Adult CPR compression rate

Push at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute, at least 2 inches deep, allowing full chest recoil; use an automated external defibrillator as soon as it is available.

Anaphylaxis first response

Recognize hives, facial or throat swelling, wheezing, or hypotension after exposure; give epinephrine by auto-injector into the outer thigh and call emergency medical services immediately.

Depression warning signs

Persistent sad mood, loss of interest, sleep or appetite changes, fatigue, guilt, and impaired concentration lasting at least two weeks; assess suicide risk and refer for professional evaluation.

Refusal skills

Communication strategies such as saying no firmly, giving a reason, suggesting an alternative, changing the subject, or leaving a high-pressure situation; they help maintain health-promoting decisions.

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A preventable condition caused by prenatal alcohol exposure, characterized by facial anomalies, growth deficits, and central nervous system problems; no safe amount or timing of alcohol during pregnancy has been established.

Foodborne illness prevention

Clean hands and surfaces, separate raw meats from ready-to-eat foods, cook to safe internal temperatures, and refrigerate promptly; these practices interrupt bacterial growth and cross-contamination.

Health-related fitness components

Cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition; these components are associated with health outcomes and are central to fitness education.

Skill-related fitness components

Agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed; these qualities support sport performance and are distinct from the five health-related fitness components.

FITT principle

Frequency, intensity, time, and type are the core variables for designing an exercise prescription; volume and progression are added in the FITT-VP extension to guide long-term training.

Youth activity guideline

Children and adolescents should accumulate at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily, including muscle- and bone-strengthening activities at least three days per week.

MVPA in physical education

Students should be engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for at least 50 percent of physical education lesson time; monitoring can use heart-rate monitors, pedometers, or systematic observation.

National PE Standards

Five standards address motor skills and movement patterns, movement concepts, physical activity participation, fitness, and responsible personal and social behavior; they guide K-12 physical education curriculum and assessment.

Fundamental movement skills

Locomotor, nonlocomotor, and manipulative skills such as running, balancing, and throwing that form the building blocks for more specialized sport and activity skills.

Motor learning stages

Learners progress from cognitive, where they understand the task; to associative, where they refine movement; to autonomous, where performance becomes automatic; feedback and practice should match the stage.

Blocked versus random practice

Blocked practice repeats one skill before switching, while random practice intermixes skills; random practice usually improves retention and transfer despite lower performance during initial practice.

Knowledge of results

Feedback about the outcome of a movement, such as whether a throw landed in bounds; it helps learners evaluate and adjust their performance.

Knowledge of performance

Feedback about movement quality or technique, such as bending the knees during a landing, rather than feedback about the outcome; it can guide skill refinement.

First-class lever

A lever with the fulcrum between the effort and the load, like a seesaw; in the body, neck extensors acting on the head approximate this arrangement.

Center of gravity

The point where the body's mass is evenly distributed; lowering it and widening the base of support increase stability during movement and when resisting external forces.

Principle of overload

Fitness improves when training stress exceeds habitual levels; the load must be increased gradually to avoid injury and overtraining while still producing adaptation.

Adapted physical education

Individually designed physical education services for students with disabilities, provided in the least restrictive environment with modifications to equipment, rules, environment, or instruction as needed.

Formative assessment

Ongoing checks during instruction, such as exit tickets, peer observation, or skill rubrics, used to adjust teaching and provide feedback before final evaluation.