JCE Biology study plan

Label a blank diagram of a generalized animal and plant cell from memory, naming at least 12 organelles and stating one function for each

Compare diffusion, osmosis, and active transport by building a three-column table with direction of movement, energy requirement, and two biological examples per process

Explain the stages of mitosis in order and identify which stage a described chromosome arrangement belongs to in 10 short scenarios

Describe enzyme action in terms of lock-and-key and induced-fit, then predict the effect of temperature, pH, and substrate concentration changes on reaction rate

Distinguish aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration in muscle, and fermentation in yeast by writing balanced word equations and stating ATP yield differences

Write the balanced equation for photosynthesis and explain the fate of each reactant and product

Design a controlled experiment testing one limiting factor of photosynthesis, stating the independent, dependent, and three controlled variables

Trace the pathway of water and mineral ions from soil to leaf, naming root hair cells, xylem, and stomata at each step

Compare the digestive systems of a named herbivore and a named carnivore, linking gut length and dentition to diet

Explain the role of each digestive enzyme, its substrate, and its site of action, and describe how bile and stomach acid assist digestion

Label the heart, naming four chambers, four valves, and the major vessels, and trace the double circulation from vena cava back to vena cava

Compare artery, vein, and capillary structure and relate each structural feature to its function

Explain how breathing movements change thoracic volume and pressure, and distinguish breathing from respiration

Describe gas exchange in alveoli and in a leaf, naming three features that increase exchange surface efficiency

Outline the structure and function of the kidney nephron and explain how ADH changes urine concentration

Map the reflex arc from stimulus to response, naming receptor, sensory neurone, relay neurone, motor neurone, and effector

Explain how the eye adjusts to bright light and to a near object, naming the specific muscles and the direction they move

Describe how insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose, and contrast type 1 and type 2 diabetes in cause and management

Explain negative feedback using at least two examples, and state why negative feedback keeps internal conditions stable

Distinguish nervous and hormonal coordination by comparing speed, duration, pathway, and target specificity

Label the male and female reproductive systems and state the function of each labelled structure

Compare the roles of oestrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LH across the menstrual cycle and explain how each hormonal contraceptive disrupts the cycle

Describe fertilisation, implantation, and the function of the placenta, amnion, and umbilical cord

Compare growth patterns in plants and animals and interpret a growth curve showing lag, exponential, and plateau phases

Explain how auxin produces phototropism and gravitropism, and describe one commercial use of plant hormones

Define gene, allele, genotype, phenotype, homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, and recessive, and use each correctly in a written sentence

Complete monohybrid crosses including test crosses, and calculate expected phenotype ratios for given parental genotypes

Interpret pedigree diagrams to deduce genotypes and identify inheritance patterns

Explain the causes of variation, distinguishing genetic from environmental, and describe how mutations and sexual reproduction generate variation

Explain natural selection as a step-by-step process and apply it to one named example such as antibiotic resistance

Construct food chains and webs from a described community and identify producers, consumers, and trophic levels

Draw and interpret energy flow diagrams, calculating energy lost at each trophic level and explaining why pyramids of number can invert

Describe the carbon and nitrogen cycles, naming the processes and organisms at each stage

Explain how deforestation, eutrophication, and pesticide use affect ecosystems, and propose one conservation measure for each

Define and apply the terms population, community, ecosystem, habitat, and niche to a named local habitat

Describe the cause, transmission, prevention, and treatment of one bacterial, one viral, and one named non-communicable disease

Explain how vaccination produces immunity and how antibiotic resistance develops

Identify independent, dependent, and controlled variables in unfamiliar experimental descriptions, and evaluate sources of error and ways to improve reliability

Practise interpreting tables, graphs, and line data under time pressure, and state units and significant figures correctly

Revisit the two weakest topics from the week 4 and week 6 error logs and re-test them