JCE Home Economics flashcards

31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Energy value of fat

Fat supplies 9 kcal per gram, more than double the 4 kcal/g of carbohydrate and protein, which is why high-fat foods are energy dense.

Basal metabolic rate

The energy needed for vital functions at complete rest, measured after a 12-hour fast; it usually accounts for 60 to 70 percent of total daily energy use.

Protein complementation

Combining foods with different limiting amino acids, such as cereals with legumes, to produce a mixture with a complete essential amino acid profile.

Glycaemic index

A ranking of carbohydrate foods by how quickly they raise blood glucose; values of 55 or below are low and produce slower, flatter responses.

Danger zone temperature

The 5 to 60 degrees Celsius range in which bacteria multiply fastest; perishable food should not stay in it longer than two hours.

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E and K, which need dietary fat and bile for absorption, are stored in body tissues, and can accumulate to toxic levels.

Vitamin C deficiency

Lack of ascorbic acid causes scurvy, marked by bleeding gums, poor wound healing, easy bruising and fatigue, because collagen synthesis is impaired.

Dietary fibre functions

Indigestible plant carbohydrate that adds bulk, speeds intestinal transit, lowers cholesterol and moderates blood glucose; soluble and insoluble types act differently.

Cellulose fibres

Cotton and linen are plant cellulose fibres: absorbent, strong when wet, damaged by mildew and prolonged chlorine bleach, and relatively resistant to alkalis.

Wool felting cause

Wool fibres have overlapping scales that interlock under heat, moisture and agitation, shrinking into felt; chlorine bleach and strong alkalis also damage wool.

Silk fibre properties

A protein filament fibre with high lustre and strength but low elasticity; it is weakened by sunlight and perspiration and needs neutral detergent and no chlorine bleach.

Polyester characteristics

A synthetic polymer fibre that is hydrophobic, quick-drying, strong and wrinkle-resistant; it is thermoplastic, so high iron temperatures can melt or glaze it.

ISO 3758 care symbols

Standard care labelling: a washtub with a number gives maximum wash temperature, a triangle means bleaching, a square drying, an iron ironing, and a circle dry cleaning.

Full-bust alteration

A pattern adjustment that adds width across the bust and lengthens the bust dart so the garment fits without pulling; it is made on paper before cutting fabric.

French seam use

A seam that encloses its raw edges inside a narrow fold, giving a neat finish on fine or sheer fabrics and lightweight garments that fray easily.

Regenerated fibres

Manufactured fibres made from natural polymers, such as viscose and rayon from wood cellulose; they are absorbent but weaker when wet than cotton.

Management process cycle

The recurring sequence of planning, organising, implementing and evaluating that guides use of human and non-human resources to reach family goals.

Opportunity cost

The value of the next-best alternative given up when money, time or energy is committed to one option rather than another.

Fixed versus flexible expenses

Fixed expenses stay the same each period, such as rent and insurance; flexible expenses vary, such as food and utilities, and are easier to adjust.

Family life cycle stages

Successive stages from beginning through childbearing, childrearing, launching and aging, each changing income, spending patterns and housing needs.

Work simplification

Applying motion economy to household tasks by combining steps, rearranging work centres and using labour-saving equipment to reduce time and energy.

Pareto principle in time use

The observation that roughly 20 percent of tasks produce about 80 percent of results, so priorities should target the high-impact minority.

Express versus implied warranty

An express warranty is a stated promise about goods; an implied warranty is automatic under law, covering merchantability and fitness for a stated purpose.

Win-win conflict resolution

Negotiation in which both parties gain something, preserving the relationship; it usually produces more durable agreements than win-lose outcomes.

Object permanence

Piaget's term for knowing that objects still exist when out of sight, typically developing in the sensorimotor stage between about 8 and 12 months.

Piaget's preoperational stage

The stage from about 2 to 7 years when children use symbols and language but think egocentrically and cannot yet conserve quantity or number.

Erikson trust versus mistrust

The first psychosocial stage, from birth to about one year, in which consistent responsive care builds a sense of trust in the world.

Gross motor milestones

The sequence of large-muscle skills: head control, rolling, sitting unsupported, crawling, standing with support and walking, usually by 12 to 15 months.

Secure attachment

An attachment pattern in which an infant uses the caregiver as a safe base, is distressed by separation and is readily comforted on reunion.

Language milestones

The usual sequence of cooing, babbling, first words around 12 months and two-word phrases by 18 to 24 months; timing varies widely between children.

Back-to-sleep recommendation

Placing infants on their backs for sleep, on a firm surface without soft bedding, reduces the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.