Lemba (Writing: Composition and Functional Texts)
Gawoli la Lemba limayesa luso lolemba zikalata zosiyanasiyana: nkhani (composition), kalata, chikalata cha chidziwitso, lipoti, ndi maminetsi a msonkhano. Zofunika kwambiri ndi kamangidwe ka chikalata, ulemu wa mawu, ndime, ndi zizindikiro za mawu.
Kalata
- Adilesi ya wolemba imakhala kumanzere kumwamba, kenako tsiku.
- Kenako adilesi ya wolandira, ndi mawu oyambirira monga 'Wokondedwa Abambo' kapena 'Wokondedwa Bwana'.
- Mutu wa nkhani (subject) umafotokoza cholinga cha kalata m'mzere umodzi.
- Thupi la kalata limakhala ndi ndime zosiyana, ndipo pamapeto pake 'Wanu' ndi dzina la wolemba.
Nkhani (composition)
- Chiyambi chimakopa wowerenga ndi kufotokoza mutu.
- Thupi limakhala ndi ndime imodzi pa mfundo imodzi.
- Mathedwe amalumikiza mfundo ndi kupereka maganizo omaliza.
Chitsanzo chothandiza
Mawu a tsiku ndi tsiku: 'Abambo, ndipatseni ntchito.' Kalata yovomerezeka: 'Ndikufunsa mwayi wogwira ntchito ya ... Ndili ndi luso la ... Ndikukhulupirira kuti mudzandiganizira.' Chifukwa: Kalata yovomerezeka imafuna ulemu ('Ndikufunsa' m'malo mwa 'ndipatseni'), kufotokoza luso mwachidule, ndi kuthokoza. Mawu a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi osaulemu pa kalata.
Zolephera zofala
- Kusakaniza Chichewa chaulemu ndi Chichewa cha tsiku ndi tsiku pa kalata yovomerezeka.
- Kuiwala tsiku, adilesi, kapena dzina la wolemba.
- Kulemba ndime imodzi yayitali m'malo molekanitsa mfundo.
- Kulephera kufikira chiwerengero cha mawu chofunika.