PSLCE Mathematics flashcards
PSLCE Mathematics · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Place value
- The value a digit has because of its position in a number. In 5 284 the 2 means 2 hundreds, or 200.
- Prime number
- A whole number greater than 1 with exactly two factors, 1 and itself. Examples are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 13.
- Rounding to nearest hundred
- Look at the tens digit. If it is 5 or more, increase the hundreds digit and set the rest to zero; otherwise keep it. 3 462 rounds to 3 500.
- Order of operations
- Brackets first, then powers, then multiplication and division left to right, then addition and subtraction left to right. 2 + 3 × 4 = 14.
- Remainder
- The amount left over after whole-number division. Dividing 29 by 6 gives 4 remainder 5, and the remainder is always less than the divisor.
- Inverse operations
- Operations that undo each other, such as addition and subtraction, or multiplication and division. They are used to check answers and solve equations.
- Equivalent fractions
- Fractions that name the same amount, made by multiplying or dividing numerator and denominator by the same number. 2/3 equals 8/12.
- Reciprocal
- The fraction turned upside down. The reciprocal of 3/5 is 5/3. To divide by a fraction, multiply by its reciprocal.
- Improper fraction
- A fraction whose numerator is greater than or equal to its denominator, such as 7/4. It can be rewritten as the mixed number 1 3/4.
- Common denominator
- A shared denominator used to add or subtract fractions. For 1/3 and 1/4 the lowest common denominator is 12.
- Multiplying by 100
- Move the decimal point two places to the right, adding zeros if needed. 4.6 × 100 = 460 and 0.35 × 100 = 35.
- Percentage of a quantity
- Convert the percentage to a decimal and multiply. 20% of 250 is 0.20 × 250, which equals 50.
- Fraction to decimal
- Divide the numerator by the denominator. For 3/8, compute 3 ÷ 8 to get 0.375.
- Percentage increase
- Divide the increase by the original amount, then multiply by 100. A rise from 40 to 50 is 10 ÷ 40 × 100 = 25%.
- Metric length conversions
- 10 millimetres make 1 centimetre, 100 centimetres make 1 metre, and 1000 metres make 1 kilometre.
- Area of a triangle
- Half the base multiplied by the perpendicular height. A triangle with base 12 cm and height 5 cm has area 30 cm².
- Volume of a cuboid
- Length times width times height, given in cubic units. A box 5 cm by 3 cm by 4 cm has volume 60 cm³.
- Perimeter
- The total distance around the outside of a shape, found by adding all side lengths. A 7 cm by 3 cm rectangle has perimeter 20 cm.
- Angles on a straight line
- Angles that sit together on one straight line add up to 180°. If one angle is 65°, the other is 115°.
- Triangle angle sum
- The three interior angles of any triangle always add to 180°. Two angles of 50° and 60° leave the third as 70°.
- Circumference of a circle
- The distance around a circle, calculated as pi times the diameter, or 2 × pi × radius. Using pi ≈ 3.14 is usual.
- Isosceles triangle
- A triangle with two equal sides. The angles opposite those equal sides are also equal.
- Calculating change
- Subtract the total cost from the amount paid, keeping two decimal places. Paying $20.00 for $13.75 leaves $6.25 change.
- Unit price
- The cost of one item, found by dividing total cost by quantity. Six pens for $4.80 gives a unit price of $0.80.
- Profit
- The money gained when the selling price is higher than the cost price. Profit equals selling price minus cost price.
- 24-hour clock
- A time format running from 00:00 to 23:59. Add 12 to afternoon times, so 4:30 p.m. becomes 16:30.
- Elapsed time
- The length of time between a start and an end. From 9:20 to 11:05 is 1 hour 45 minutes.
- Average speed
- Distance travelled divided by time taken. Covering 150 km in 3 hours gives an average speed of 50 km/h.
- Mean of a data set
- Add all the values and divide by how many there are. The mean of 4, 7, 9 and 12 is 32 ÷ 4 = 8.
- Median
- The middle value when data are written in order. For 3, 5, 8, 9, 11 the median is 8; with an even count, average the middle two.
- Mode
- The value that appears most frequently in a data set. In 2, 4, 4, 7, 9 the mode is 4. A set can have no mode.
- nth term rule
- A formula giving any term of a sequence. For 6, 10, 14, 18 the rule is 4n + 2, so the 10th term is 42.