BOVAEP Estate Agent TPC cheat sheet
BOVAEP Estate Agent TPC · Keep the key ideas within reach.
Estate Agency Law
Estate agency in Malaysia is governed principally by the Valuers, Appraisers, Estate Agents and Property Consultants Act 1981 (Act 242) and its subsidiary rules on registration and professional conduct.
Only a registered estate agent (REA) holding a valid authority to practise may lawfully undertake estate agency work for reward; a negotiator must act under the supervision of and be registered through an REA firm.
A legally binding estate agency appointment should be in writing and specify the type of agency (sole, exclusive, or open), the commission rate, the duration, and termination terms.
Commission in Malaysia is negotiated but historically benchmarked at up to 3% of the sale price for sales and about one month's rent for lettings; the rate must be agreed in writing before the service.
An estate agent owes fiduciary duties to the principal: loyalty, avoidance of conflict of interest, confidentiality, full disclosure of material facts, and no secret profit.
Dual agency (acting for both buyer and seller in the same transaction) requires full, informed written consent from both parties; otherwise it is a conflict of interest.
Under the anti-money-laundering regime (AMLA 2001), estate agents are reporting institutions and must undertake customer due diligence, record-keeping, and suspicious transaction reporting.
A deposit paid to an estate agent should be held in a designated client account; commingling with the firm's own funds is a breach of professional conduct.
Practice and Professional Conduct
The Board of Valuers, Appraisers, Estate Agents and Property Consultants (BOVAEP) registers practitioners and enforces the code of conduct under Act 242.
Continuing professional development (CPD) points must be accumulated annually to renew the practising certificate; failure to meet the CPD requirement can result in non-renewal.
Professional indemnity insurance is a condition of practice; it protects clients against negligent advice or misrepresentation by the practitioner.
Advertising must be truthful and must not mislead; an agent may only advertise a property with the owner's authority and must state the firm's registration number.
Client money must be handled through a client account separate from the firm's operating account, with proper accounting records maintained.
An agent must not accept undisclosed commissions or referral fees from third parties (e.g., developers, bankers) without the principal's informed consent.
Confidentiality survives the end of the agency relationship; client information must not be disclosed or used for the agent's own benefit.
Complaints against a registered practitioner are investigated by the Board, which may impose fines, suspension, or deregistration.
Property Law
The Torrens system of registration of title applies in Peninsular Malaysia under the National Land Code 1965 (NLC); title is evidenced by the register, and registration confers indefeasible title subject to statutory exceptions.
Under the NLC, dealings such as transfers, charges, and leases must be effected by the prescribed statutory form and registered; unregistered dealings do not pass legal title.
A charge (not a mortgage) is the NLC security instrument; the chargee's remedy on default is an order for sale obtained through the court, not automatic foreclosure.
The Strata Management Act 2013 governs subdivided buildings: strata titles, management corporations, by-laws, and the maintenance account and sinking fund.
A sale and purchase agreement for land must be in writing and, to be enforceable, comply with the Contracts Act 1950 and the requirement of writing under the Civil Law Act 1956 for contracts for the sale of land.
Fixtures pass with the land; the test is degree and purpose of annexation - an item substantially affixed for the better use of the land is a fixture.
Easements and restrictive covenants that are registered run with the land and bind successors in title; unregistered interests may be defeated by a bona fide purchaser for value.
A lease exceeding three years must be registered under the NLC; a tenancy of three years or less may be created without registration, though registration is advisable for enforceability against third parties.
Land Tenure and Dealings
Land in Peninsular Malaysia is held under three main categories: freehold (in perpetuity), leasehold (for a term of years, commonly 99 or 60 years), and Malay Reserve land subject to special restrictions.
The NLC recognises qualified title, final title, and strata title; a qualified title is issued before survey is complete and is later converted to final title.
State land may be alienated by the State Authority; conditions and restrictions in interest (e.g., Malay Reserve, agricultural use) are endorsed on the title and bind the registered proprietor.
Dealings requiring registration include transfers, leases, charges, easements, and caveats; each uses a prescribed form and attracts registration fees and stamp duty.
A caveat is a statutory notice lodged to protect an unregistered interest in land; a private caveat under s.323 NLC may be lodged by a person claiming an interest, and it lapses after six years unless extended.
Transfer of land requires the prescribed Form 14A, execution by the transferor, and registration; the transferee obtains title on registration.
Leasehold land reverting to the State on expiry may be renewed on application; renewal premiums and conditions are set by the State Authority.
Restrictions in interest (e.g., requiring State Authority consent for transfer) must be complied with; a dealing in breach is void or voidable depending on the statutory provision.
Valuation Principles and Applied Valuation
The three core approaches are the comparison method (market approach), the income method (capitalisation of net income), and the cost method (replacement cost less depreciation plus land value).
Capitalisation: Value = Net Operating Income ÷ Capitalisation Rate; a lower cap rate implies a higher value for the same income.
Gross rent multiplier (GRM) = Sale Price ÷ Gross Annual Rent; value = GRM × subject gross rent - a quick comparison-method shortcut.
The cost approach: Value = Replacement Cost New − Accrued Depreciation + Land Value; depreciation comprises physical, functional, and economic obsolescence.
In the comparison method, adjustments are made for differences in location, size, age, condition, tenure, and time of sale between comparables and the subject.
Market value is the estimated amount for which an asset should exchange on the valuation date between a willing buyer and a willing seller in an arm's-length transaction after proper marketing.
The income method requires deriving a market-derived cap rate from comparable sales (cap rate = NOI ÷ sale price) and applying it to the subject's stabilised NOI.
Valuation reports must state the basis of value, the valuation date, the assumptions and limiting conditions, the method used, and the valuer's registration number.
Property Management and Building Maintenance
Under the Strata Management Act 2013, a management corporation (MC) is established on the opening of a strata register; before that, the developer acts as the management corporation (provisional).
The MC maintains a maintenance account (for recurrent expenses) and a sinking fund (for major repairs and capital works); contributions are levied on parcel proprietors by share units.
Share units determine each proprietor's voting rights and contribution to maintenance charges; they are allocated by area and use in the strata plan.
A building's service life is extended by planned preventive maintenance (PPM) - scheduled inspections, servicing, and replacement based on condition and manufacturer intervals.
Maintenance can be categorised as planned (preventive, scheduled) and unplanned (corrective, emergency); reactive maintenance is a response to failure, not a substitute for PPM.
The MC must insure the building against fire and other risks and must keep proper accounts and records available for inspection by proprietors.
Common property (lifts, corridors, roofs, drains) is maintained by the MC; a proprietor's own parcel is the proprietor's responsibility subject to by-laws.
A reserve or sinking fund is typically funded at 10% of the annual maintenance charge, though the actual rate is set by the MC and by-laws.
Real Estate Economics, Investment and Market Analysis
Demand for real estate is derived from the demand for the goods and services produced in the space; supply is inelastic in the short run because construction takes time.
The property market is segmented by use (residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural) and by location; each submarket has its own supply, demand, and price dynamics.
Investment yield (initial yield) = Net Annual Income ÷ Purchase Price (or capital value); it measures the income return on capital.
Total return = income return + capital appreciation; a property with a low initial yield may still deliver strong total return through rental growth.
Net present value (NPV) discounts future cash flows at the investor's required rate of return; a positive NPV indicates the investment adds value at that discount rate.
Internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate at which NPV = 0; it is compared with the investor's hurdle rate to accept or reject a project.
The property cycle has phases of recovery, expansion, oversupply, and recession; vacancy rates and rental growth are leading indicators of the cycle phase.
Location, accessibility, and neighbourhood quality are the primary determinants of residential value; for commercial property, footfall and catchment are primary.
Town Planning, Land Development and Environmental Considerations
The Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172) governs development planning in Peninsular Malaysia; development requires planning permission from the local planning authority.
A development plan (structure plan and local plan) sets land-use zoning; a proposed development must conform to the zoning and the local plan.
Planning permission is required for the carrying out of development, which includes building, engineering, mining, and material change of use of land.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required under the Environmental Quality Act 1974 for prescribed activities (e.g., large-scale development, quarrying, land reclamation); an EIA must be approved before planning permission is granted.
A developer must provide infrastructure and open space in accordance with planning standards; contributions may be required for off-site infrastructure.
Land development feasibility: Residual Land Value = Gross Development Value − Total Development Cost (including construction, fees, finance, and developer's profit).
The planning approval process involves submission of plans, public consultation where required, and conditions attached to the approval that must be complied with.
Environmental considerations include drainage and flood mitigation, slope stability, and protection of environmentally sensitive areas, which can constrain density and layout.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards
Act 242 establishes BOVAEP, which registers valuers, appraisers, estate agents, and property consultants and regulates their professional conduct.
Registration categories include registered valuer, registered appraiser, registered estate agent, and registered property consultant; each has defined scope of practice.
A practising certificate must be renewed annually; it is issued subject to CPD compliance and payment of prescribed fees.
The Board may take disciplinary action for professional misconduct, including deregistration, suspension, fines, and reprimands, after due inquiry.
Professional standards require independence and objectivity; a valuer must not value a property in which the valuer has a financial interest without disclosure.
The code of conduct requires competence, integrity, confidentiality, and compliance with the law; a practitioner must not misrepresent qualifications or services.
Estate agents must comply with anti-money-laundering obligations under AMLA 2001, including customer due diligence and suspicious transaction reporting.
Firms must maintain proper records of client money and dealings, and must hold professional indemnity insurance as a condition of practice.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Cross-Cutting)
Act 242 is the primary statute; subsidiary legislation covers registration, fees, and the code of conduct for registered practitioners.
A person who practises estate agency without registration commits an offence and is liable to a fine and/or imprisonment under Act 242.
The Board's disciplinary powers include cancellation of registration, suspension, and fines; decisions are subject to judicial review.
Professional indemnity insurance and CPD are conditions of continued practice; non-compliance can result in non-renewal of the practising certificate.
Client money must be held in a separate client account; commingling and misuse are grounds for disciplinary action.
A practitioner must avoid conflicts of interest and disclose any interest in a transaction to the client in writing.
Advertising and marketing must be accurate and authorised; misleading claims about a property or the practitioner's credentials are misconduct.
Record-keeping obligations include retaining client identification and transaction records for the period prescribed under AMLA and the Board's rules.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Compliance)
Compliance with Act 242 and the Board's rules is mandatory for all registered practitioners; ignorance of the rules is not a defence.
Customer due diligence under AMLA requires identifying the beneficial owner, verifying identity, and ongoing monitoring of the business relationship.
Suspicious transaction reports must be filed with the Financial Intelligence and Enforcement Department (FIED) of Bank Negara Malaysia; tipping off the client is prohibited.
A firm must appoint a compliance officer responsible for AML/CFT policies, training, and record-keeping.
Practitioners must not accept cash payments above the prescribed threshold without enhanced due diligence and reporting.
The Board may conduct inspections and require production of records; failure to cooperate is itself a disciplinary offence.
Professional standards require that a practitioner's advice be objective and free from influence by a fee or commission from a third party.
Continuing professional development must be relevant to the practitioner's scope of practice and documented for audit by the Board.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics)
Integrity requires honesty in all professional dealings, including accurate representation of a property's condition, tenure, and title.
Objectivity requires the practitioner to base advice on evidence and not on personal interest or pressure from a client or third party.
Confidentiality requires that client information not be disclosed without consent, except where required by law or the Board.
Competence requires the practitioner to undertake only work within their expertise and to seek specialist advice where necessary.
Professional behaviour requires compliance with the law and avoidance of conduct that discredits the profession.
A practitioner must not offer or accept inducements that could compromise independence, and must disclose any referral arrangement.
Fair dealing requires equal treatment of all parties in a transaction and disclosure of all material facts to the principal.
A practitioner must maintain and update professional knowledge through CPD and adhere to the Board's code of conduct.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Discipline)
Disciplinary proceedings are initiated by a complaint or the Board's own motion; the practitioner is given notice and an opportunity to be heard.
Sanctions range from a reprimand and fine to suspension or cancellation of registration, depending on the seriousness of the misconduct.
Professional misconduct includes negligence, dishonesty, breach of confidentiality, and failure to account for client money.
A practitioner may appeal a disciplinary decision to the High Court by way of judicial review.
The Board publishes a register of registered practitioners; practising without registration is an offence.
A firm must ensure that all staff acting on its behalf are properly supervised and that unregistered staff do not perform reserved activities.
Record-keeping and accounting for client money are subject to audit; discrepancies can lead to disciplinary action.
Continuing professional development and professional indemnity insurance are conditions of practice and are monitored by the Board.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Registration)
Registration under Act 242 requires the applicant to meet the prescribed qualifications, experience, and examination requirements.
The Board maintains separate registers for valuers, appraisers, estate agents, and property consultants; registration is personal to the practitioner.
A practising certificate is issued annually and is distinct from registration; registration alone does not authorise practice.
Registration may be refused or cancelled for failure to meet CPD, for misconduct, or for non-payment of fees.
A registered estate agent may employ negotiators, but the negotiators must be registered through the firm and supervised by the REA.
The Board may impose conditions on registration, such as restricting the scope of practice or requiring supervision.
Applicants must provide evidence of qualifications and experience and may be required to sit an examination set by the Board.
The register is public and can be inspected; clients can verify a practitioner's registration status.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Fees)
Fees for registration and practising certificates are prescribed by the Board and must be paid before the certificate is issued or renewed.
Commission rates for estate agency are negotiable but must be agreed in writing before the service is provided.
A scale of fees may be prescribed for valuation work; a valuer must not charge a fee contingent on the value reported.
Contingent fees for valuation are prohibited because they compromise independence and objectivity.
Client money must be held in a separate client account and accounted for; fees must be properly invoiced and recorded.
A practitioner must not share commission with an unregistered person, as this may amount to fee-splitting with an unlicensed party.
Referral fees must be disclosed to the client and must not compromise the practitioner's independence.
Failure to pay prescribed fees can result in non-renewal of the practising certificate and suspension of practice.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Records)
A firm must maintain proper accounting records of all client money, including receipts, payments, and balances.
Records of client identification and transactions must be retained for the period prescribed under AMLA (at least six years after the relationship ends).
A practitioner must keep records of CPD activities and make them available to the Board on request.
Valuation files must document the basis of value, the valuation date, the method, the comparables used, and the assumptions made.
Estate agency files must record the appointment, the agreed commission, the marketing activities, and the offers received.
Records must be kept in a manner that allows reconstruction of transactions and verification of compliance.
Failure to keep proper records is a disciplinary offence and may also breach AMLA requirements.
The Board may inspect records and require production; obstruction is itself a disciplinary matter.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Insurance)
Professional indemnity insurance is a condition of practice for registered practitioners; it covers claims arising from negligent advice or acts.
The minimum cover and terms are prescribed by the Board; a practitioner must maintain cover throughout the period of practice.
A firm must ensure that all practitioners acting on its behalf are covered by the firm's policy.
Claims history and risk management affect premiums; a firm should review cover annually.
Failure to maintain insurance can result in suspension or non-renewal of the practising certificate.
Insurance does not replace the duty to act competently and ethically; it is a protection for clients, not a licence to be negligent.
A practitioner must disclose any material change in circumstances that affects the insurance cover.
Clients should be informed of the firm's insurance arrangements on request.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Advertising)
Advertising must be truthful, accurate, and not misleading; it must not create a false impression about a property or the practitioner.
An agent may advertise a property only with the owner's authority and must state the firm's registration number.
Advertising must comply with the Board's guidelines and with consumer protection law.
Misleading advertising is professional misconduct and can lead to disciplinary action.
A practitioner must not advertise services that they are not registered or qualified to provide.
Testimonials and claims about results must be genuine and verifiable.
Advertising must not discriminate unlawfully or breach fair dealing requirements.
A firm must ensure that its advertising is approved and monitored for compliance.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Client Accounts)
Client money must be held in a designated client account separate from the firm's operating account.
A firm must maintain proper accounting records for client money, including a client ledger and bank reconciliations.
Commingling client money with the firm's own funds is prohibited and is a disciplinary offence.
Client money must be accounted for promptly and paid to the person entitled to it without undue delay.
Interest earned on client money is generally credited to the client unless otherwise agreed.
A firm must have procedures for handling deposits, including receipting and safeguarding.
Discrepancies in client accounts must be investigated and reported; misappropriation is a criminal offence.
The Board may audit client accounts and require production of records.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Conflicts)
A practitioner must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any conflict to the client in writing.
Dual agency requires the informed written consent of both parties; otherwise the practitioner must act for one party only.
A practitioner must not act for a buyer and seller in the same transaction without full disclosure and consent.
A practitioner must not accept a benefit from a third party that could influence advice without disclosing it to the client.
A valuer must not value a property in which the valuer has a financial interest without disclosure and, where appropriate, declining the instruction.
Conflicts must be managed by disclosure, informed consent, or withdrawal from the engagement.
A firm must have a conflicts policy and maintain a register of interests.
Failure to manage conflicts is professional misconduct and can lead to disciplinary action.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Competence)
A practitioner must undertake only work within their competence and must seek specialist advice where necessary.
Competence requires maintaining and updating professional knowledge through CPD.
A practitioner must not misrepresent their qualifications or experience.
A firm must ensure that staff are properly trained and supervised.
A practitioner must exercise due care and skill in carrying out professional work.
Negligence in professional work can lead to civil liability and disciplinary action.
A practitioner must keep abreast of changes in law, practice, and market conditions.
Competence includes the ability to recognise when an instruction is outside one's expertise and to refer it appropriately.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (AML/CFT)
Estate agents are reporting institutions under AMLA 2001 and must comply with AML/CFT obligations.
Customer due diligence requires identifying the client and beneficial owner, verifying identity, and understanding the purpose of the transaction.
Enhanced due diligence is required for high-risk clients, politically exposed persons, and complex transactions.
Suspicious transaction reports must be filed with FIED; tipping off the client is prohibited.
Records of client identification and transactions must be retained for at least six years.
A firm must appoint a compliance officer and provide AML/CFT training to staff.
Cash transactions above the prescribed threshold require enhanced due diligence and reporting.
Failure to comply with AML/CFT obligations can result in criminal liability and disciplinary action.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Consumer Protection)
The Consumer Protection Act 1999 prohibits misleading and deceptive conduct in trade and commerce.
Estate agents must provide accurate information about a property's condition, tenure, and title.
A practitioner must not make false or misleading representations about a property or service.
Consumers have a right to clear and accurate information before entering a transaction.
Unfair contract terms may be challenged under consumer protection law.
A practitioner must deal fairly with consumers and disclose all material facts.
Breach of consumer protection law can result in civil liability and disciplinary action.
A firm must have a complaints handling procedure for consumer complaints.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Data Protection)
The Personal Data Protection Act 2010 governs the processing of personal data in commercial transactions.
A practitioner must obtain consent for the collection and use of personal data and must inform the data subject of the purpose.
Personal data must be protected by reasonable security measures and must not be disclosed without consent.
A practitioner must not use client data for purposes other than those for which it was collected.
Data subjects have rights of access and correction; requests must be handled within the prescribed period.
A firm must have a data protection policy and appoint a data protection officer where required.
Breach of data protection law can result in fines and disciplinary action.
Data must be retained only as long as necessary for the purpose for which it was collected.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Valuation)
A valuer must be independent and objective; the fee must not be contingent on the value reported.
A valuer must disclose any interest in the property or the transaction.
A valuer must use appropriate methods and reliable data and must document the basis of value and assumptions.
A valuer must not accept an instruction that creates a conflict of interest without disclosure and consent.
A valuer must comply with professional standards and the Board's code of conduct.
A valuer must not misrepresent their qualifications or the scope of their work.
A valuer must keep client information confidential and must not use it for personal benefit.
A valuer must be competent in the type of property and the method used.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Agency)
An estate agent must act in the best interests of the principal and must disclose all material facts.
An agent must not accept secret commissions or benefits from third parties without disclosure.
An agent must not misrepresent a property or the terms of a transaction.
An agent must account for client money promptly and must not commingle funds.
An agent must avoid conflicts of interest and must obtain informed consent for dual agency.
An agent must maintain confidentiality of client information.
An agent must comply with AML/CFT and consumer protection obligations.
An agent must deal fairly with all parties and must not discriminate unlawfully.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Property Management)
A property manager must act in the best interests of the owner and must disclose all material facts.
A property manager must account for client money and must not commingle funds.
A property manager must maintain the property in good condition and must comply with statutory maintenance obligations.
A property manager must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any interest in a supplier or contractor.
A property manager must keep proper records of maintenance, accounts, and communications.
A property manager must comply with the Strata Management Act 2013 and by-laws.
A property manager must deal fairly with tenants and must not discriminate unlawfully.
A property manager must maintain confidentiality of owner and tenant information.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Planning)
A planning consultant must act with integrity and must not misrepresent the planning status of land.
A planning consultant must disclose any interest in the land or the development.
A planning consultant must comply with the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 and planning guidelines.
A planning consultant must not submit false or misleading information in a planning application.
A planning consultant must consider environmental and social impacts and must comply with EIA requirements.
A planning consultant must keep client information confidential.
A planning consultant must be competent in the relevant planning law and practice.
A planning consultant must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any relationship with decision-makers.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Development)
A developer must comply with planning permission conditions and building regulations.
A developer must disclose material facts about the development to purchasers.
A developer must not misrepresent the specifications, completion date, or title status of a development.
A developer must comply with the Housing Development Act 1966 and the statutory sale and purchase agreement.
A developer must account for deposits and progress payments in accordance with the statutory scheme.
A developer must comply with environmental and EIA requirements.
A developer must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any relationship with contractors or consultants.
A developer must deal fairly with purchasers and must comply with consumer protection law.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Investment)
An investment adviser must act in the best interests of the client and must disclose all material facts.
An investment adviser must not misrepresent the risks or returns of an investment.
An investment adviser must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any commission or benefit received.
An investment adviser must be competent in the relevant market and must comply with securities law.
An investment adviser must keep client information confidential.
An investment adviser must not guarantee returns unless the investment is genuinely guaranteed.
An investment adviser must keep proper records of advice and transactions.
An investment adviser must comply with AML/CFT obligations.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Market Analysis)
A market analyst must use reliable data and must disclose the sources and methods used.
A market analyst must not misrepresent market conditions or trends.
A market analyst must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any interest in the properties analysed.
A market analyst must be competent in the relevant market and must comply with professional standards.
A market analyst must keep client information confidential.
A market analyst must not use inside information for personal benefit.
A market analyst must keep proper records of data and analysis.
A market analyst must present findings objectively and must not omit material facts.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Building Maintenance)
A maintenance contractor must comply with building regulations and safety standards.
A maintenance contractor must not misrepresent the scope or quality of work.
A maintenance contractor must disclose any interest in a supplier or subcontractor.
A maintenance contractor must keep proper records of work and materials.
A maintenance contractor must comply with the Strata Management Act 2013 and by-laws.
A maintenance contractor must deal fairly with clients and must not discriminate unlawfully.
A maintenance contractor must maintain confidentiality of client information.
A maintenance contractor must be competent in the relevant trade and must comply with professional standards.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Town Planning)
A town planner must act with integrity and must not misrepresent the planning status of land.
A town planner must disclose any interest in the land or the development.
A town planner must comply with the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 and planning guidelines.
A town planner must not submit false or misleading information in a planning application.
A town planner must consider environmental and social impacts and must comply with EIA requirements.
A town planner must keep client information confidential.
A town planner must be competent in the relevant planning law and practice.
A town planner must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any relationship with decision-makers.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Environmental Considerations)
A practitioner must comply with the Environmental Quality Act 1974 and EIA requirements.
A practitioner must not misrepresent the environmental impact of a development.
A practitioner must disclose any interest in the land or the development.
A practitioner must consider environmental and social impacts in advice and decisions.
A practitioner must keep client information confidential.
A practitioner must be competent in the relevant environmental law and practice.
A practitioner must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any relationship with decision-makers.
A practitioner must keep proper records of environmental assessments and approvals.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Land Development)
A practitioner must comply with planning permission conditions and building regulations.
A practitioner must disclose material facts about the development to purchasers.
A practitioner must not misrepresent the specifications, completion date, or title status of a development.
A practitioner must comply with the Housing Development Act 1966 and the statutory sale and purchase agreement.
A practitioner must account for deposits and progress payments in accordance with the statutory scheme.
A practitioner must comply with environmental and EIA requirements.
A practitioner must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any relationship with contractors or consultants.
A practitioner must deal fairly with purchasers and must comply with consumer protection law.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Property Law)
A practitioner must comply with the National Land Code 1965 and the Strata Management Act 2013.
A practitioner must not misrepresent the title, tenure, or encumbrances of a property.
A practitioner must disclose any interest in the property or the transaction.
A practitioner must keep client information confidential.
A practitioner must be competent in the relevant property law and practice.
A practitioner must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any relationship with the parties.
A practitioner must keep proper records of dealings and registrations.
A practitioner must deal fairly with all parties and must comply with consumer protection law.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Land Tenure)
A practitioner must comply with the National Land Code 1965 and the conditions of title.
A practitioner must not misrepresent the tenure or restrictions in interest of a property.
A practitioner must disclose any interest in the property or the transaction.
A practitioner must keep client information confidential.
A practitioner must be competent in the relevant land tenure law and practice.
A practitioner must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any relationship with the parties.
A practitioner must keep proper records of dealings and registrations.
A practitioner must deal fairly with all parties and must comply with consumer protection law.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Valuation Practice)
A valuer must be independent and objective; the fee must not be contingent on the value reported.
A valuer must disclose any interest in the property or the transaction.
A valuer must use appropriate methods and reliable data and must document the basis of value and assumptions.
A valuer must not accept an instruction that creates a conflict of interest without disclosure and consent.
A valuer must comply with professional standards and the Board's code of conduct.
A valuer must not misrepresent their qualifications or the scope of their work.
A valuer must keep client information confidential and must not use it for personal benefit.
A valuer must be competent in the type of property and the method used.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Property Management)
A property manager must act in the best interests of the owner and must disclose all material facts.
A property manager must account for client money and must not commingle funds.
A property manager must maintain the property in good condition and must comply with statutory maintenance obligations.
A property manager must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any interest in a supplier or contractor.
A property manager must keep proper records of maintenance, accounts, and communications.
A property manager must comply with the Strata Management Act 2013 and by-laws.
A property manager must deal fairly with tenants and must not discriminate unlawfully.
A property manager must maintain confidentiality of owner and tenant information.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Real Estate Economics)
A practitioner must use reliable data and must disclose the sources and methods used.
A practitioner must not misrepresent market conditions or trends.
A practitioner must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any interest in the properties analysed.
A practitioner must be competent in the relevant market and must comply with professional standards.
A practitioner must keep client information confidential.
A practitioner must not use inside information for personal benefit.
A practitioner must keep proper records of data and analysis.
A practitioner must present findings objectively and must not omit material facts.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Investment Analysis)
An investment analyst must act in the best interests of the client and must disclose all material facts.
An investment analyst must not misrepresent the risks or returns of an investment.
An investment analyst must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any commission or benefit received.
An investment analyst must be competent in the relevant market and must comply with securities law.
An investment analyst must keep client information confidential.
An investment analyst must not guarantee returns unless the investment is genuinely guaranteed.
An investment analyst must keep proper records of advice and transactions.
An investment analyst must comply with AML/CFT obligations.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Market Analysis)
A market analyst must use reliable data and must disclose the sources and methods used.
A market analyst must not misrepresent market conditions or trends.
A market analyst must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any interest in the properties analysed.
A market analyst must be competent in the relevant market and must comply with professional standards.
A market analyst must keep client information confidential.
A market analyst must not use inside information for personal benefit.
A market analyst must keep proper records of data and analysis.
A market analyst must present findings objectively and must not omit material facts.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Town Planning)
A town planner must act with integrity and must not misrepresent the planning status of land.
A town planner must disclose any interest in the land or the development.
A town planner must comply with the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 and planning guidelines.
A town planner must not submit false or misleading information in a planning application.
A town planner must consider environmental and social impacts and must comply with EIA requirements.
A town planner must keep client information confidential.
A town planner must be competent in the relevant planning law and practice.
A town planner must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any relationship with decision-makers.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Land Development)
A practitioner must comply with planning permission conditions and building regulations.
A practitioner must disclose material facts about the development to purchasers.
A practitioner must not misrepresent the specifications, completion date, or title status of a development.
A practitioner must comply with the Housing Development Act 1966 and the statutory sale and purchase agreement.
A practitioner must account for deposits and progress payments in accordance with the statutory scheme.
A practitioner must comply with environmental and EIA requirements.
A practitioner must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any relationship with contractors or consultants.
A practitioner must deal fairly with purchasers and must comply with consumer protection law.
Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards (Ethics in Environmental Considerations)
A practitioner must comply with the Environmental Quality Act 1974 and EIA requirements.
A practitioner must not misrepresent the environmental impact of a development.
A practitioner must disclose any interest in the land or the development.
A practitioner must consider environmental and social impacts in advice and decisions.
A practitioner must keep client information confidential.
A practitioner must be competent in the relevant environmental law and practice.
A practitioner must avoid conflicts of interest and must disclose any relationship with decision-makers.
A practitioner must keep proper records of environmental assessments and approvals.