PDRM Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

24-hour arrest rule

An arrested person must be produced before a Magistrate within 24 hours, excluding travel time, for remand consideration under the Criminal Procedure Code.

Section 23 CPC

Empowers a police officer to arrest without warrant a person reasonably suspected of committing a seizable offence, subject to the statutory conditions.

Autrefois acquit

A plea barring a second trial for an offence on which the accused was previously acquitted on the same facts, codified in Article 7(2) of the Federal Constitution.

Seizable offence

An offence for which a police officer may arrest without warrant, generally because it is punishable with imprisonment of three years or more under the Criminal Procedure Code.

Remand order

A Magistrate's authorisation to detain a suspect beyond 24 hours for investigation; it is time-limited and must be renewed on application.

Defective charge

A charge that omits essential particulars of the offence; if it prejudices the accused, it may lead to acquittal or an order for retrial.

Beyond reasonable doubt

The standard the prosecution must meet in a criminal trial; the defence need only raise a reasonable doubt unless a statutory presumption shifts the burden.

Section 106 Evidence Act

Places the burden of proving a fact especially within a person's knowledge on that person; commonly applied in possession cases.

Section 24 Evidence Act

Excludes confessions caused by inducement, threat, or promise from a person in authority, because such confessions are not voluntary.

Section 27 Evidence Act

Permits admission of so much of information received from an accused as relates distinctly to a fact subsequently discovered as a result.

Dying declaration

A statement by a person as to the cause of their death, admissible under s.32(1) Evidence Act even though it is hearsay.

Section 37 DDA presumption

Once possession and the statutory quantity are proven, the Dangerous Drugs Act presumes knowledge and shifts the burden to the accused.

Section 20 Police Act

Authorises arrest without warrant for offences committed in the officer's presence and for reasonable suspicion of a seizable offence.

Proportionate force

Force used in an arrest must be necessary and reasonable; s.15 CPC permits only such force as is needed to effect the arrest.

Deadly force limit

Deadly force is lawful only in defence of life or to prevent escape of a person posing a grave threat, never solely to protect property.

Section 117 CPC

Governs detention for investigation after the 24-hour period; detention is capped and must be justified by ongoing investigative needs.

Pocket notebook

A contemporaneous record kept by an officer; entries may be used to support or impeach testimony in court.

Same-sex search rule

A search of a person of the opposite sex should be conducted by an officer of the same sex, save in exigent circumstances.

Inner and outer cordon

Scene-management layers: the inner cordon protects the scene, the outer cordon controls access, and a single entry log is maintained.

Chain of custody

An unbroken record of every transfer of an exhibit, including date, time, handler, and seal number, supporting its admissibility.

Section 112 CPC

Provides for the recording of a witness statement during investigation; it is an investigative document, not a cautioned statement.

Section 113 CPC

Governs the cautioned statement of an accused, which requires the administration of a caution before it is recorded.

First responder priorities

In order: officer and public safety, preservation of life, securing the scene, then preserving evidence for investigation.

Investigation diary privilege

The investigation diary is privileged and not disclosable to the defence except as required by law; the case file must still be complete.

Section 45A RTA

Sets the prescribed alcohol limits and the procedure for breath, blood, and urine testing in driving-under-influence cases.

Peaceful Assembly Act 2012

Governs notification and conditions for assemblies, replacing the prior licence requirement under the Police Act 1967.

Child Act 2001

Defines a child as under 18 and requires Juvenile Court handling and separate detention from adult detainees.

Rukun Tetangga

A neighbourhood watch scheme supporting community policing through information-sharing and joint patrols coordinated by police.

Accident scene reconstruction

Recording positions, skid marks, vehicle particulars, and witness accounts at the scene to support later reconstruction of the collision.

Section 16 MACC Act

Criminalises soliciting or accepting gratification as an inducement or reward for official action by a public officer.

Whistleblower Protection Act 2010

Protects persons who disclose improper conduct in good faith to an enforcement agency from retaliatory action.

Conflict of interest

A situation where an officer's personal or financial interest could influence duty; it must be declared and the officer recused.