Ringkasan - Summary Writing
Summary writing (ਰਿੰਗਕਾਸਨ / ਸਾਰ) gives you a Punjabi passage and a stated focus, such as "the benefits of exercise" or "the causes of road accidents". You must compress the passage into continuous Punjabi prose within a strict word limit, keeping only the content the task names. Marks come from three places: content points selected from the passage, the quality of your Punjabi, and staying inside the limit.
Rules that decide the marks
- Select only points that serve the stated focus; a true but off-focus point earns nothing.
- Rewrite in your own words. Short phrases and single technical terms may stay; long lifted strings are penalised.
- Write continuous prose with connectors such as ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਇਲਾਵਾ, ਇਸ ਲਈ, ਨਤੀਜੇ ਵਜੋਂ - never a bulleted list.
- Cut examples, statistics, names of individuals, repetition and direct speech.
- Add nothing from your own knowledge and no personal opinion.
- Count your words at the end; Punjabi word counting splits on spaces, so joined forms count as one word.
Worked example
Passage: ਸੈਰ ਕਰਨ ਨਾਲ ਸਰੀਰ ਦੀ ਖੂਨ ਸੰਚਾਰ ਸੁਧਰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਰੋਜ਼ ਸੈਰ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਮਨ ਪ੍ਰਸੰਨ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਇਲਾਵਾ ਸੈਰ ਨਾਲ ਨੀਂਦ ਵੀ ਚੰਗੀ ਆਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ। Focus: benefits of walking. First draft: ਰੋਜ਼ ਸੈਰ ਕਰਨ ਨਾਲ ਸਰੀਰ ਦੀ ਖੂਨ ਸੰਚਾਰ ਸੁਧਰਦੀ ਹੈ, ਮਨ ਪ੍ਰਸੰਨ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਨੀਂਦ ਚੰਗੀ ਆਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ। Reasoning: three benefits are merged into one sentence with a shared subject and a closing ਅਤੇ; the general noun ਲੋਕਾਂ has been dropped because it adds no point. A stronger version replaces ਖੂਨ ਸੰਚਾਰ with the broader ਸਿਹਤ, showing real rewording rather than rearrangement.
Traps that cost marks
- Lifting one sentence after another with only commas changed.
- Exceeding the word limit, which is usually penalised as a whole.
- Writing a list of dashes instead of prose.
- Including an example or a named person, which is detail, not a point.
- Summarising the whole passage when the task names only part of it.