SPM Landskap dan Nurseri flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Landscape horticulture

The branch of horticulture that deals with propagating, planting and maintaining plants used in designed outdoor environments such as gardens, parks and streetscapes.

Transpiration

Loss of water as vapour through stomata in leaves. It drives water and mineral uptake from roots and cools the plant, and it slows when stomata close under drought stress.

Macronutrients

Elements needed in relatively large amounts: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the main fertiliser nutrients.

Hardscape and softscape

Hardscape refers to non-living built elements such as paving, walls and pergolas. Softscape refers to living plant material including trees, shrubs, turf and groundcovers.

Binomial nomenclature

The two-part scientific name system: capitalised genus followed by lower-case specific epithet, both italicised, for example Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, with the author name after.

Cultivar

A cultivated plant variety selected for a distinct trait and maintained by propagation. Its name is written after the species in single quotes and is not italicised.

Bipinnate leaf

A compound leaf whose rachis branches again, producing leaflets on secondary axes. Delonix regia and many legumes show this twice-divided arrangement.

Monocotyledon

A flowering plant class with one cotyledon, parallel leaf venation, scattered vascular bundles in the stem, and floral parts usually in threes. Palms and grasses are examples.

Inflorescence

The arrangement of flowers on a stem. Types include raceme, spike, panicle, corymb, umbel and capitulum, and the type is a useful identification character.

Vegetative propagation

Asexual reproduction from plant parts such as stems, leaves or roots, producing offspring genetically identical to the parent. Cuttings, grafting, layering and division are examples.

Marcotting (air layering)

A propagation method where a bark ring is removed from a stem still attached to the parent, rooting medium is wrapped around it, and the rooted stem is later severed and potted.

Graft union

The joined point between scion and rootstock. Successful unions require close cambial contact, firm binding and protection until the wound heals and vascular tissue reconnects.

Hardening-off

Gradual exposure of nursery-raised plants to stronger light, lower humidity and outdoor temperatures before field planting, reducing transplant shock and mortality after handover.

Cation exchange capacity

The soil's capacity to hold exchangeable positively charged nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and ammonium. Clay and organic matter raise it; sand lowers it.

N-P-K analysis

The fertiliser label figure giving percentage nitrogen, available phosphorus expressed as P2O5, and potassium expressed as K2O, by weight of the product.

Fertiliser nutrient formula

Nutrient supplied (kg) equals fertiliser weight (kg) multiplied by the percentage nutrient divided by 100. For example, 5 kg of urea at 46% N supplies 2.3 kg N.

Drip irrigation

A low-pressure system delivering water slowly to the root zone through emitters. It saves water, keeps foliage dry and limits weed growth between rows.

Scale drawing 1:100

A drawing where one unit on paper represents one hundred of the same units on site. Thus 1 cm on the plan equals 1 m on the ground.

Bubble diagram

A planning sketch using circles and arrows to show functional zones, their relative sizes and circulation links, prepared before detailed shapes and materials are decided.

Planting plan

A scaled drawing locating each plant by symbol, with a schedule listing botanical name, quantity, pot or specimen size, spacing and remarks for installation.

Golden ratio in design

A proportion of about 1:1.618 used to size spaces and planting beds so they relate harmoniously; it is often combined with the rule of thirds.

Setting out

Transferring dimensions from drawings to the site using pegs, string lines, offsets and a datum. Right angles are checked with the 3-4-5 triangle method.

Concrete curing

Keeping placed concrete moist for about seven days so cement hydration continues and design strength develops. Premature drying causes cracking and weak surfaces.

Branch collar

The swollen tissue where a branch joins the trunk. Correct pruning cuts leave the collar intact so the tree can form a natural barrier against decay.

Mulching

Applying a 50-75 mm layer of organic or inorganic material over soil to suppress weeds, conserve moisture and moderate temperature, kept clear of the trunk.

Integrated Pest Management

A decision framework combining cultural, physical, biological and chemical controls, using pesticides only when monitoring shows the pest population exceeds an acceptable threshold.

Pre-harvest interval

The minimum number of days between the last pesticide application and harvest or sale of the crop, printed on the label to limit residues.

Personal protective equipment

Safety gear for handling pesticides and machinery: gloves, boots, coveralls, eye protection and a respirator when mixing or spraying. It must be washed separately.

Bill of Quantities

A tender document listing each work item with description, unit and quantity. Priced by bidders, it forms the basis of the contract sum and progress valuation.

Retention sum

A percentage of each progress payment withheld by the client as security, released after the defects liability period when outstanding work has been corrected.

Gantt chart

A bar chart showing project activities against time, used to sequence landscape works, allocate labour and track progress against the agreed work programme.

Variation order

A written instruction from the client or contract administrator changing the scope, design or quantity of contracted work, valued and recorded before it is executed.