SPM Maharat Al-Quran 5302 flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Makhraj al-Jawf

The oral cavity, one of the five general articulation zones. It produces the elongated vowels (madd letters) alif, waw, and ya' when they carry sukun or are elongated.

Sifat al-Hams

A sifat of the letters that are whispered, allowing breath to flow: fa', ha', tha', ha, shin, kha', sad, sin, kaf, ta', and tha'. It is the opposite of jahr (voiced).

Qalqalah Sughra

The echoing or bouncing sound applied to qaf, ta', ba', jim, or dal when it carries sukun in the middle of a word, not at a stop. It is lighter than qalqalah kubra.

Ikhfa' Haqiqi

The nasalisation of nun sakinah or tanwin before any of fifteen letters, with the ghunnah held for about two counts and the articulation partly hidden between izhar and idgham.

Mad Lazim Muthaqqal

A madd in which a madd letter is followed by a shaddah-bearing letter in the same word, obliging six counts of elongation, as in 'al-dallin' in al-Fatihah.

Riwayah Hafs 'an 'Asim

The transmission of the qira'ah of 'Asim through his student Hafs ibn Sulayman. It is the reading printed in the vast majority of modern mushafs worldwide.

Qira'at Mutawatirah

The ten canonical readings transmitted by such large numbers at every chain level that collusion on error is impossible. They are the only readings recited liturgically.

Al-Ahruf Al-Sab'ah

The seven modes or dialects in which the Quran was revealed, mentioned in the hadith of 'Umar. They are distinct from the later seven qira'at schools.

Usul and Farsh

Two categories of qira'at variation: usul are consistent rules applied throughout a reading, while farsh are specific word readings that deviate from the rule.

Rasm al-'Uthmani

The consonantal skeleton of the mushaf standardised under 'Uthman ibn 'Affan. It constrains which qira'at are canonically transmitted and lacks the later diacritics.

Ayat al-Sujud

Fifteen verses in the mushaf where prostration is prescribed or recommended upon recitation. Memorists mark them to observe the sajdah during tilawah.

Mutashabihat al-Quran

Verses whose wording or cadence closely resembles other verses, causing memorisation confusion. Grouping them by shared openings is the standard remedy.

Juz' and Hizb

The Quran is divided into thirty juz', each of twenty mushaf pages. A hizb is half a juz', and a rub' is a quarter of a hizb.

Wird al-Muraja'ah

A fixed daily portion assigned for revision of previously memorised Quran. The wird is rotated so that the full memorised corpus is reviewed on a recurring cycle.

Tafsir bi al-Ma'thur

Interpretation grounded in transmitted sources: the Quran itself, then the Sunnah, then statements of the Sahabah and Tabi'un. It avoids unsupported personal reasoning.

Isra'iliyyat

Reports originating from Jewish and Christian sources that entered some tafsir works. They may be cited for illustration but cannot establish creed or legal rulings.

Muhkam and Mutashabih

The Quran's own distinction (3:7) between clear, decisive verses (muhkam) and ambiguous ones (mutashabih). The muhkam form the foundation of interpretation.

Tafsir al-Tabari

Jami' al-Bayan, the earliest major comprehensive tafsir, by Ibn Jarir al-Tabari. It transmits chains of interpretation from the salaf and weighs them.

I'jaz al-Quran

The inimitability of the Quran, demonstrated through its linguistic excellence, legislative coherence, accurate prophecy, and the failure of opponents to meet its challenge.

Tahaddi Stages

The Quran's challenge to produce a rival proceeds from ten surahs (11:13) to one surah (2:23) to a single discourse (52:34), each stage tightening the demand.

Makki and Madani

Classification of surahs by place of revelation: Makki surahs (about 86) stress creed and are short; Madani surahs (about 28) stress law and are longer.

Naskh al-Hukm duna al-Tilawah

Abrogation in which the verse remains in the mushaf and is recited, but its legal ruling is no longer operative. This is the most commonly cited form of naskh.

Lubab al-Nuqul

Al-Suyuti's compilation of asbab al-nuzul reports, arranged by surah and verse. It is a standard reference for the occasions of revelation.

Khususi al-Sabab

The principle that a verse revealed on a specific occasion applies by the generality of its wording, not restricted to that occasion alone.

Hadith al-Ifk

The report of the slander against 'A'ishah, occasioning Quran 24:11-20. It illustrates an extended asbab al-nuzul narrative vindicating her innocence.

Naskh al-Tilawah duna al-Hukm

Abrogation in which the verse is removed from recitation but its ruling remains operative. The stoning verse is the classic cited example.

Jam' al-Quran

The three-stage compilation of the Quran: during the Prophet's life, under Abu Bakr through Zayd ibn Thabit, and the standardisation under 'Uthman.

Nuqt al-I'jam

The diacritical dots added to the 'Uthmani rasm after its standardisation to distinguish letters sharing a skeleton, preserving correct recitation.

Hamil al-Quran

The bearer of the Quran, expected to be humble, constant in night prayer, and consistent between recitation and action, as described in the hadith literature.

Isti'adhah

The seeking of refuge in Allah from Satan before recitation, commanded in Quran 16:98. It precedes the basmalah and the recitation itself.

Tartil

Recitation at a measured pace with correct articulation and reflection, commanded in Quran 73:4. It is the standard for both worship and teaching.

Da'wah bi al-Hikmah

The Quranic method of calling to Allah with wisdom, good admonition, and gentle disputation (16:125), avoiding coercion and harshness.

Jadal al-Quran

The Quran's dialogical method of argument, illustrated by Ibrahim's debate with Nimrod (2:258) and Musa's confrontation with Fir'awn.