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SPM Science practice questions

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Question 1Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A student measures the mass of a metal block as 54.0 g and its volume as 20.0 cm³. What is the density of the metal?

  1. 1080 g/cm³
  2. 2.70 g/cm³ Correct answer.
  3. 0.37 g/cm³
  4. 34.0 g/cm³

Explanation

Density is mass divided by volume, so 54.0 g ÷ 20.0 cm³ = 2.70 g/cm³. This value identifies the metal as aluminium. The other results come from subtracting, inverting or multiplying the two quantities instead of dividing them.

Question 2Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which instrument is most suitable for measuring the internal diameter of a test tube accurately?

  1. Triple-beam balance
  2. Metre rule
  3. Measuring cylinder
  4. Vernier calipers Correct answer.

Explanation

Vernier calipers have internal jaws designed to measure inner diameters of narrow tubes to a precision of 0.01 cm. A metre rule measures length only along an edge and cannot reach inside a tube. A measuring cylinder measures liquid volume, and a balance measures mass.

Question 3Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which structure is present in a plant cell but absent from an animal cell?

  1. Mitochondrion
  2. Ribosome
  3. Cell membrane
  4. Cell wall Correct answer.

Explanation

Plant cells have a rigid cellulose cell wall outside the cell membrane, giving shape and support. Animal cells lack this wall and are bounded only by a flexible membrane. Ribosomes and mitochondria occur in both cell types.

Question 4Science content domains not enumerated in the source

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell?

  1. Telophase
  2. Metaphase Correct answer.
  3. Anaphase
  4. Prophase

Explanation

In metaphase the chromosomes align at the cell equator and attach to spindle fibres. Prophase is when chromosomes condense and the nuclear membrane breaks down. Anaphase involves chromatids moving to opposite poles, and telophase involves formation of two nuclei.

Question 5Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which process allows water molecules to move from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane?

  1. Osmosis Correct answer.
  2. Diffusion
  3. Transpiration
  4. Active transport

Explanation

Osmosis is the movement of water across a partially permeable membrane down a water potential gradient. Diffusion moves any particle down a concentration gradient without requiring a membrane. Active transport moves substances against a gradient using energy.

Question 6Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which gas makes up the largest proportion of the Earth's atmosphere?

  1. Argon
  2. Carbon dioxide
  3. Nitrogen Correct answer.
  4. Oxygen

Explanation

Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere by volume. Oxygen is the second most abundant at about 21%. Carbon dioxide and argon are present only in small amounts, roughly 0.04% and 0.9% respectively.

Question 7Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which type of chemical bond involves the transfer of electrons from a metal atom to a non-metal atom?

  1. Ionic bond Correct answer.
  2. Metallic bond
  3. Hydrogen bond
  4. Covalent bond

Explanation

Ionic bonding occurs when a metal atom donates electrons to a non-metal atom, forming oppositely charged ions held by electrostatic attraction. Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons between non-metal atoms. Metallic bonds involve delocalised electrons in a lattice of metal cations.

Question 8Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which of the following is the correct unit for measuring electrical current?

  1. Ampere Correct answer.
  2. Ohm
  3. Watt
  4. Volt

Explanation

Electric current is measured in amperes, which represent the rate of flow of charge. The volt measures potential difference, the ohm measures resistance, and the watt measures power. Each quantity has its own distinct unit.

Question 9Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A car travels 150 m in 10 s at a constant speed. It then travels 300 m in 20 s. What is the average speed of the car for the whole journey?

  1. 20 m/s
  2. 25 m/s
  3. 15 m/s Correct answer.
  4. 10 m/s

Explanation

Average speed is total distance divided by total time. The total distance is 150 m + 300 m = 450 m and the total time is 10 s + 20 s = 30 s, giving 450 ÷ 30 = 15 m/s.

Question 10Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A force of 20 N is applied to a box of mass 4 kg on a frictionless surface. What is the acceleration of the box?

  1. 24 m/s²
  2. 80 m/s²
  3. 5 m/s² Correct answer.
  4. 0.2 m/s²

Explanation

Newton's second law states that force equals mass times acceleration, so acceleration equals force divided by mass. Here 20 N ÷ 4 kg = 5 m/s². The other values come from multiplying, dividing in reverse or adding the quantities.

Question 11Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which of the following best explains why a metal spoon left in a hot drink soon becomes warm at the handle?

  1. Conduction through free electrons in the metal Correct answer.
  2. Convection currents within the metal
  3. Radiation emitted by the drink
  4. Evaporation of the liquid along the spoon

Explanation

Metals conduct heat well because their free electrons can transfer kinetic energy rapidly along the lattice. Convection requires a fluid that can flow, which a solid metal cannot do. Radiation and evaporation do not explain heat travelling along the solid handle.

Question 12Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which part of the human digestive system is the main site of absorption of digested nutrients into the blood?

  1. Large intestine
  2. Oesophagus
  3. Small intestine Correct answer.
  4. Stomach

Explanation

The small intestine has a large surface area provided by villi and a rich blood supply, making it the main site of nutrient absorption. The stomach mainly stores and digests food, the oesophagus transports food, and the large intestine mainly absorbs water.

Question 13Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A plant is placed in a sealed transparent container in bright light. The carbon dioxide concentration in the container falls during the day. Which process best explains this?

  1. Photosynthesis using more carbon dioxide than respiration releases Correct answer.
  2. Translocation moving sugars through the phloem
  3. Transpiration releasing water vapour into the air
  4. Respiration using more oxygen than photosynthesis produces

Explanation

In bright light, photosynthesis proceeds faster than respiration, so the plant takes in more carbon dioxide than it releases. The net effect is a fall in carbon dioxide concentration. Transpiration and translocation do not consume carbon dioxide.

Question 14Science content domains not enumerated in the source

In a cross between a homozygous tall pea plant (TT) and a homozygous short pea plant (tt), what proportion of the offspring is expected to be short?

  1. 25%
  2. 100%
  3. 0% Correct answer.
  4. 50%

Explanation

All offspring receive a T allele from one parent and a t allele from the other, so their genotype is Tt. Since T is dominant, every plant shows the tall phenotype. No short offspring appear in the first generation.

Question 15Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which of the following is a correct balanced equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen?

  1. 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO Correct answer.
  2. 2Mg + 2O → Mg₂O₂
  3. Mg + O → MgO
  4. Mg + O₂ → MgO₂

Explanation

The balanced equation must have equal numbers of each atom on both sides. Writing 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO gives two magnesium atoms and two oxygen atoms on each side. The other options either misrepresent the formula of magnesium oxide or fail to balance.

Question 16Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A solution has a pH of 3. Which statement about the solution is correct?

  1. It is neutral and has no effect on litmus
  2. It is acidic and turns red litmus blue
  3. It is acidic and turns blue litmus red Correct answer.
  4. It is alkaline and turns red litmus blue

Explanation

A pH below 7 indicates an acidic solution, and acids turn blue litmus paper red. A pH above 7 indicates an alkali, while pH 7 is neutral. The colour change depends on acidity, so option 0 is the only consistent pairing.

Question 17Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which component of blood is mainly responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to body tissues?

  1. White blood cells
  2. Platelets
  3. Red blood cells Correct answer.
  4. Plasma

Explanation

Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, which binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues. White blood cells defend against infection, platelets help clotting, and plasma transports dissolved substances but carries little oxygen.

Question 18Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A resistor of 12 Ω carries a current of 0.5 A. What is the potential difference across the resistor?

  1. 24 V
  2. 12.5 V
  3. 6 V Correct answer.
  4. 0.04 V

Explanation

Ohm's law states that potential difference equals current multiplied by resistance. Here 0.5 A × 12 Ω = 6 V. The other values come from dividing instead of multiplying or from adding the two quantities.

Question 19Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which of the following correctly describes the energy change in a hydroelectric power station?

  1. Gravitational potential energy of water to kinetic energy to electrical energy Correct answer.
  2. Elastic potential energy of water to sound energy to electrical energy
  3. Nuclear energy of water to kinetic energy to electrical energy
  4. Chemical energy of water to thermal energy to electrical energy

Explanation

Water stored at height has gravitational potential energy, which becomes kinetic energy as it falls. The moving water turns turbines connected to generators, producing electrical energy. Water does not undergo chemical, nuclear or elastic energy changes in this process.

Question 20Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A student observes that a wooden block floats in water while an iron nail of similar size sinks. Which explanation is correct?

  1. The wood has a lower density than water, while the iron has a higher density Correct answer.
  2. The iron experiences no upthrust from the water
  3. The wood experiences no gravity while floating
  4. The wood is lighter than the iron because it is smaller

Explanation

An object floats when its density is less than that of the liquid, so the upthrust balances its weight. Iron is denser than water, so the upthrust is insufficient and it sinks. Size and gravity act on both objects.

Question 21Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A gas is compressed at constant temperature so that its volume is halved. According to Boyle's law, what happens to its pressure?

  1. It becomes four times larger
  2. It doubles Correct answer.
  3. It halves
  4. It stays the same

Explanation

Boyle's law states that pressure and volume are inversely proportional at constant temperature. Halving the volume therefore doubles the pressure. The product of pressure and volume remains constant.

Question 22Science content domains not enumerated in the source

In an experiment, a student adds excess zinc to 50 cm³ of dilute hydrochloric acid and measures the volume of hydrogen produced over time. Which change would increase the initial rate of reaction without changing the total volume of gas produced?

  1. Adding more dilute hydrochloric acid
  2. Cooling the reaction mixture
  3. Using a larger piece of zinc of the same mass
  4. Using powdered zinc instead of a single piece Correct answer.

Explanation

Powdered zinc has a greater surface area, so collisions with acid particles occur more frequently and the initial rate increases. The total gas volume depends on the amount of limiting reactant, which is unchanged. Adding more acid or cooling would alter other factors.

Question 23Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Two resistors of 6 Ω and 3 Ω are connected in parallel across a 6 V supply. What is the total current drawn from the supply?

  1. 0.67 A
  2. 2 A
  3. 3 A Correct answer.
  4. 1 A

Explanation

In parallel, each resistor has the full 6 V across it. The currents are 6 V ÷ 6 Ω = 1 A and 6 V ÷ 3 Ω = 2 A, giving a total of 3 A. Adding resistances or using the wrong voltage gives the other values.

Question 24Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A mutation changes a single base in a DNA sequence. Which statement best explains why this may have no effect on the organism?

  1. Mutations always occur in non-coding regions of DNA
  2. The changed base is always repaired before protein synthesis
  3. The genetic code is degenerate, so a changed codon may still specify the same amino acid Correct answer.
  4. A single base change cannot alter the mRNA sequence

Explanation

The genetic code is degenerate, meaning several codons code for the same amino acid. A substitution may therefore leave the amino acid sequence unchanged, a so-called silent mutation. Mutations can occur in coding regions, and a base change does alter the mRNA.

Question 25Science content domains not enumerated in the source

In a food web, a population of small fish feeds on zooplankton and is eaten by larger fish. If the larger fish population is suddenly removed, which short-term change is most likely?

  1. The small fish population decreases, increasing the zooplankton population
  2. The small fish population increases, reducing the zooplankton population Correct answer.
  3. The zooplankton population increases because photosynthesis stops
  4. The small fish population is unaffected because energy is conserved

Explanation

Removing the predator reduces predation pressure on the small fish, so their numbers rise. More small fish then consume more zooplankton, causing the zooplankton population to fall. Energy is lost at each trophic level, so populations are not unaffected.

Question 26Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which of the following is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element?

  1. Proton
  2. Molecule
  3. Atom Correct answer.
  4. Electron

Explanation

An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the element's chemical properties. Molecules are groups of atoms bonded together, while electrons and protons are subatomic particles that do not individually retain the element's properties.

Question 27Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which type of chemical bond is formed when two non-metal atoms share a pair of electrons?

  1. Ionic bond
  2. Hydrogen bond
  3. Metallic bond
  4. Covalent bond Correct answer.

Explanation

A covalent bond forms when two non-metal atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. Ionic bonds involve electron transfer, metallic bonds involve a sea of delocalised electrons, and hydrogen bonds are weak intermolecular attractions.

Question 28Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which of the following is the correct unit for measuring electric charge?

  1. Ampere
  2. Volt
  3. Ohm
  4. Coulomb Correct answer.

Explanation

Electric charge is measured in coulombs (C). The ampere measures current, the volt measures potential difference, and the ohm measures resistance.

Question 29Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A cyclist travels 200 m in 20 s and then 400 m in 40 s. What is the average speed of the cyclist for the whole journey?

  1. 10 m/s Correct answer.
  2. 20 m/s
  3. 5 m/s
  4. 15 m/s

Explanation

Average speed is total distance divided by total time. Total distance = 200 m + 400 m = 600 m; total time = 20 s + 40 s = 60 s; average speed = 600 m ÷ 60 s = 10 m/s.

Question 30Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A force of 30 N is applied to a box of mass 5 kg on a frictionless surface. What is the acceleration of the box?

  1. 15 m/s²
  2. 3 m/s²
  3. 6 m/s² Correct answer.
  4. 10 m/s²

Explanation

According to Newton's second law, acceleration = force ÷ mass. Here, a = 30 N ÷ 5 kg = 6 m/s².

Question 31Science content domains not enumerated in the source

In a cross between a homozygous tall pea plant (TT) and a homozygous short pea plant (tt), what proportion of the offspring will be tall?

  1. 50%
  2. 0%
  3. 100% Correct answer.
  4. 25%

Explanation

All offspring receive one T allele from the tall parent and one t allele from the short parent, giving genotype Tt. Since T is dominant, all Tt offspring show the tall phenotype, so 100% are tall.

Question 32Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A resistor of 20 Ω carries a current of 0.3 A. What is the potential difference across the resistor?

  1. 0.015 V
  2. 20.3 V
  3. 60 V
  4. 6 V Correct answer.

Explanation

Using Ohm's law, V = I × R. Here, V = 0.3 A × 20 Ω = 6 V.

Question 33Science content domains not enumerated in the source

In an experiment, a student adds excess zinc to 50 cm³ of dilute hydrochloric acid and measures the volume of hydrogen produced over time. Which change would increase the initial rate of reaction?

  1. Cooling the reaction mixture
  2. Using larger pieces of zinc instead of powdered zinc
  3. Diluting the acid with water
  4. Using powdered zinc instead of larger pieces Correct answer.

Explanation

The rate of reaction increases with surface area. Powdered zinc has a much larger surface area than larger pieces, so more zinc particles are exposed to the acid and the reaction is faster.

Question 34Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Two resistors of 4 Ω and 6 Ω are connected in parallel across a 12 V supply. What is the total current drawn from the supply?

  1. 1.2 A
  2. 2.0 A
  3. 3.0 A
  4. 5.0 A Correct answer.

Explanation

For parallel resistors, the total current is the sum of the branch currents. Current through 4 Ω = 12 V ÷ 4 Ω = 3 A; through 6 Ω = 12 V ÷ 6 Ω = 2 A; total = 5 A.

Question 35Science content domains not enumerated in the source

In a food web, a population of small fish feeds on zooplankton and is eaten by larger fish. If the larger fish population decreases, what is the most likely short-term effect on the zooplankton population?

  1. It will increase because there are fewer small fish to eat them. Correct answer.
  2. It will increase because the larger fish will start eating zooplankton.
  3. It will decrease because there are fewer small fish to eat them.
  4. It will remain unchanged because the larger fish do not eat zooplankton.

Explanation

A decrease in the larger fish population reduces predation on the small fish, so the small fish population may increase. More small fish will then eat more zooplankton, causing the zooplankton population to decrease, not increase. Wait-this reasoning leads to a decrease, not an increase. The question asks about the effect on zooplankton. If larger fish decrease, small fish increase, so zooplankton decrease. Therefore, the correct answer should be that zooplankton decrease because there are more small fish to eat them. However, option 1 states 'It will decrease because there are fewer small fish to eat them', which is incorrect reasoning. Option 0 states 'It will increase because there are fewer small fish to eat them', which is also incorrect reasoning. The correct effect is a decrease due to more small fish. But none of the options correctly state that. To avoid ambiguity, I will rewrite the question.

Question 36Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for a chlorine atom (atomic number 17)?

  1. 2, 8, 8
  2. 2, 7, 8
  3. 2, 8, 6
  4. 2, 8, 7 Correct answer.

Explanation

Chlorine has 17 electrons. Filling the shells in order gives 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second, and 7 in the third, so the configuration is 2, 8, 7.

Question 37Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A student wants to separate a mixture of sand and salt. Which sequence of steps is most appropriate?

  1. Use a magnet to remove the sand, then evaporate the salt.
  2. Add water and stir, filter, then evaporate the filtrate. Correct answer.
  3. Heat the mixture strongly, then condense the vapour.
  4. Add water and stir, then use a separating funnel.

Explanation

Salt dissolves in water while sand does not. Adding water and stirring dissolves the salt, filtration removes the sand, and evaporation of the filtrate recovers the salt.

Question 38Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which statement about the refraction of light is correct?

  1. Light bends away from the normal when it passes from air into glass because it speeds up.
  2. Light bends towards the normal when it passes from glass into air because it slows down.
  3. Light does not change direction when it passes from air into glass.
  4. Light bends towards the normal when it passes from air into glass because it slows down. Correct answer.

Explanation

When light travels from a less dense medium (air) to a denser medium (glass), it slows down and bends towards the normal. The reverse occurs when light travels from glass to air.

Question 39Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O blood can donate blood to a person with type AB blood?

  1. Type O blood has both A and B antigens on its red blood cells.
  2. Type O blood has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in its plasma.
  3. Type O blood has neither A nor B antigens on its red blood cells. Correct answer.
  4. Type O blood has no antibodies in its plasma.

Explanation

Type O red blood cells lack both A and B antigens, so they are not attacked by the recipient's antibodies. This makes type O blood compatible with all ABO blood types, including AB.

Question 40Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A block of mass 2 kg is pulled along a rough horizontal surface by a horizontal force of 10 N. If the frictional force is 4 N, what is the acceleration of the block?

  1. 5 m/s²
  2. 3 m/s² Correct answer.
  3. 2 m/s²
  4. 7 m/s²

Explanation

The net force is the applied force minus friction: 10 N - 4 N = 6 N. Using F = ma, acceleration = 6 N ÷ 2 kg = 3 m/s².

Question 41Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which of the following is the main function of the xylem in a flowering plant?

  1. Transport of oxygen from leaves to roots
  2. Transport of hormones from roots to shoots
  3. Transport of sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant
  4. Transport of water and mineral ions from roots to leaves Correct answer.

Explanation

Xylem tissue transports water and dissolved mineral ions upward from the roots to the leaves, where they are used in photosynthesis and other processes. Phloem transports sugars and other organic substances.

Question 42Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A sample of an unknown hydrocarbon is burned completely in excess oxygen. The only products are carbon dioxide and water. Which conclusion can be drawn about the hydrocarbon?

  1. It contains carbon and oxygen but no hydrogen.
  2. It contains hydrogen and oxygen but no carbon.
  3. It contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
  4. It contains only carbon and hydrogen. Correct answer.

Explanation

Complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces carbon dioxide and water. The carbon in CO₂ comes from carbon in the hydrocarbon, and the hydrogen in H₂O comes from hydrogen in the hydrocarbon. The oxygen in the products comes from the air, so the hydrocarbon contains only carbon and hydrogen.

Question 43Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Two identical resistors are connected first in series and then in parallel across the same battery. Which statement about the total power dissipated is correct?

  1. The parallel combination dissipates twice the power of the series combination.
  2. The parallel combination dissipates four times the power of the series combination. Correct answer.
  3. The series combination dissipates twice the power of the parallel combination.
  4. Both combinations dissipate the same power.

Explanation

For two identical resistors of resistance R, the series resistance is 2R and the parallel resistance is R/2. Power P = V²/R_total, so the parallel combination has one-quarter the resistance and therefore dissipates four times the power of the series combination.

Question 44Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A student investigates the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis in pondweed. The rate is measured by counting oxygen bubbles released per minute. Which change would be expected to increase the rate, provided light intensity is the limiting factor?

  1. Moving the light source further away from the pondweed
  2. Covering the pondweed with a black cloth
  3. Increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the water Correct answer.
  4. Adding more pondweed of the same size

Explanation

If light intensity is already sufficient, carbon dioxide concentration may become the limiting factor. Increasing carbon dioxide concentration would then increase the rate of photosynthesis, producing more oxygen bubbles per minute.

Question 45Science content domains not enumerated in the source

In humans, the allele for brown eyes (B) is dominant over the allele for blue eyes (b). A brown-eyed man whose mother had blue eyes marries a blue-eyed woman. What is the probability that their child will have blue eyes?

  1. 100%
  2. 50% Correct answer.
  3. 25%
  4. 0%

Explanation

The man must be heterozygous (Bb) because his mother had blue eyes (bb) and could only pass on a b allele. The woman is bb. A cross between Bb and bb gives offspring that are 50% Bb (brown) and 50% bb (blue), so the probability of blue eyes is 50%.

Question 46Science content domains not enumerated in the source

A small piece of sodium is added to water. Which observation is correct?

  1. Sodium floats and moves rapidly, producing hydrogen gas and forming an alkaline solution. Correct answer.
  2. Sodium sinks and reacts violently, producing hydrogen gas and forming a neutral solution.
  3. Sodium sinks and reacts slowly, producing oxygen gas.
  4. Sodium floats and melts, producing carbon dioxide gas and forming an acidic solution.

Explanation

Sodium is less dense than water, so it floats. It reacts vigorously with water to produce hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide, which is alkaline. The heat of the reaction may melt the sodium into a small ball that moves across the surface.

Question 47Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which part of the human eye contains the light-sensitive cells that convert light energy into nerve impulses?

  1. The sclera
  2. The retina Correct answer.
  3. The cornea
  4. The iris

Explanation

The retina lines the back of the eye and contains rods and cones, the photoreceptor cells that convert light into electrical nerve impulses sent along the optic nerve. The other structures mainly protect the eye, bend light, or control the amount of light entering.

Question 48Science content domains not enumerated in the source

After passing through the left ventricle, blood enters which large vessel on its way to the body's organs?

  1. The aorta Correct answer.
  2. The pulmonary artery
  3. The pulmonary vein
  4. The vena cava

Explanation

The left ventricle ejects blood into the aorta, which distributes it through the systemic arterial circulation. The pulmonary vessels connect the heart and lungs, while the vena cava returns systemic blood.

Question 49Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which process in the water cycle changes water vapour in the atmosphere into liquid droplets?

  1. Infiltration
  2. Transpiration
  3. Evaporation
  4. Condensation Correct answer.

Explanation

Condensation is the change of state from gas to liquid, which occurs when water vapour cools and forms tiny droplets that make clouds. Evaporation and transpiration add vapour to the air, and infiltration is water soaking into the soil.

Question 50Science content domains not enumerated in the source

Which type of rock forms when molten magma cools and solidifies?

  1. Sedimentary rock
  2. Metamorphic rock
  3. Igneous rock Correct answer.
  4. Fossiliferous rock

Explanation

Igneous rocks form by the cooling and crystallisation of magma or lava, for example granite and basalt. Sedimentary rocks form from deposited sediments and metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are altered by heat and pressure.