SPM Turath Al-Quran & Sunnah flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Idgham bi-ghunnah

Assimilation of nun sakinah or tanwin into one of the four letters ya, nun, mim, waw, producing a doubled sound with nasalisation held for about two harakat.

Iqlab

The conversion of nun sakinah or tanwin into a mim sound with ghunnah when followed by ba, marked in the mushaf with a small mim above the nun.

Madd lazim

Obligatory elongation of six harakat occurring when a madd letter is followed by a sukun or shaddah in the same word, as in al-dallin.

Qalqalah letters

The five letters qaf, ta, ba, jim, and dal, which are pronounced with an echoing bounce when carrying sukun, strongest at the end of a verse.

Waqf mu'anaqah

Two pause marks placed over adjacent words meaning the reciter should stop at one of them but not at both, to preserve the intended meaning.

Al-jawf

The empty space of the mouth and throat, one of the five general articulation regions, from which the three madd letters alif, waw, and ya emerge.

Number of Qur'anic verses

The Hafs 'an 'Asim count of the Qur'an is 6,236 verses spread over 114 surahs and 30 equal parts, each part twenty pages in the Madani mushaf.

Al-sab' al-tiwal

The seven long surahs at the start of the Qur'an, from al-Baqarah through al-Tawbah, traditionally memorised first in a structured hifz programme.

Mutashabihat

Verses whose wording is nearly identical across different surahs, requiring the memoriser to anchor them by context and position to avoid substitution errors.

Al-Mufassal

The section running from Surah Qaf, or al-Hujurat in another view, to al-Nas, characterised by short verses and heavily used in early memorisation.

Sajdah verses

Fifteen places in the Qur'an where prostration is prescribed on recitation, including al-A'raf 206, al-Ra'd 15, and al-'Alaq 19.

Asbab al-nuzul

Reports identifying the event or question that occasioned a verse, used to fix pronoun reference and restrict a general wording to its actual context.

Nasikh wa mansukh

The science of abrogated rulings, where a later verse or hadith removes an earlier legal ruling while the earlier wording may remain recited.

Muhkam and mutashabih

Muhkam verses are clear and decisive in meaning; mutashabih verses admit several readings, and the Qur'an directs recourse to the muhkam.

Isra'iliyyat

Narrations drawn from Jewish and Christian sources, accepted by classical exegetes only where they neither contradict the Qur'an nor sound hadith.

Qira'at sab'

The seven mass-transmitted recitations of the Qur'an, each traced by a chain to the Prophet, with Hafs 'an 'Asim dominant in most regions today.

Hadith of intentions

The report opening Sahih al-Bukhari stating that actions are judged by intentions and each person receives what he intended, a pivot of the religion.

Hadith of doubtful matters

From al-Nu'man ibn Bashir: the halal is clear and the haram is clear, and between them lie doubtful matters unknown to many people.

Hadith of loving for the brother

From Anas in Bukhari and Muslim: none of you truly believes until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself.

Hadith of the path of knowledge

Reported by Muslim from Abu Hurayrah: whoever treads a path seeking knowledge, Allah makes easy for him a path to Paradise.

Sahih hadith conditions

A connected chain of trustworthy and precise narrators, free from shudhudh and hidden defect, transmitting a report free of contradiction with stronger narrators.

Hasan hadith

A report meeting the conditions of sahih but with a narrator of lesser precision; it is accepted as proof though ranked below sahih in strength.

Mursal hadith

A report in which a successor narrates directly from the Prophet without naming the companion, leaving a gap at the level of the companion.

Mutawatir hadith

A report narrated by so many at every level that collusion on falsehood is impossible, yielding certain knowledge rather than probable knowledge.

Al-jarh wa al-ta'dil

The twin sciences of disparaging and accrediting narrators, by which critics grade reliability; an explained disparagement outweighs an unexplained accreditation.

Tawhid al-uluhiyyah

The oneness of Allah in worship, directing all acts of devotion to Him alone; this is the message of every prophet and the point of dispute with Quraysh.

Tawhid al-asma' wa al-sifat

Affirming Allah's names and attributes as revealed, without distortion, denial, asking how, or likening them to created things.

Pillars of iman

Six beliefs: Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and divine decree including its good and its bad.

Major shirk

Directing any act of worship, such as supplication, sacrifice, or fear, to other than Allah; it nullifies deeds and is the gravest sin.

Fard kifayah

A duty binding the community collectively, discharged on behalf of all when some perform it, such as the funeral prayer and community obligations.

Nisab of zakat

The minimum wealth threshold triggering zakat, set at 85 grams of gold or 595 grams of silver, with 2.5 percent due after a lunar year.

Maqasid al-shari'ah

The five aims the law protects: religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property, used to derive rulings where texts are silent or ambiguous.