NSSCAS Khoekhoegowab First Language 8190 flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Click letters

Khoekhoegowab uses four click symbols: ǀ dental, ǁ lateral, ǂ palatal, ǃ alveolar. Copy them exactly when quoting; do not replace them with English letters.

Inference question

A comprehension question asking what is implied but not stated. Answer by linking a textual clue to background knowledge, then quote the clue that supports your inference.

Vocabulary in context

A question asking for a word's meaning as used in the passage. Test your answer by replacing the word; the sentence must keep its original meaning.

Tone versus mood

Tone is the writer's attitude toward the subject; mood is the feeling created in the reader. Identify both from word choice, imagery, and sentence rhythm, not from guessing.

Sentence transformation

A grammar item that changes a sentence's form, such as active to passive or direct to reported speech, while keeping the meaning. Change only the structure named.

Agreement check

Before choosing a pronoun or verb ending in Khoekhoegowab, identify the head noun's gender and number. The agreement marker must match that noun, not the nearest word.

Direct speech punctuation

Direct speech in Khoekhoegowab is marked with quotation marks or dashes as the passage shows. Keep the original punctuation and start a new paragraph for each new speaker.

Summary word limit

The maximum number of words allowed for the summary body. Do not count the title or introductory sentence unless the instructions include them; going over the limit loses marks.

Paraphrase

Restating a source idea in your own words while keeping the meaning. Use synonyms and change sentence structure, but keep technical terms that have no exact replacement.

Main idea

The central point that a paragraph or passage communicates about its topic. It is usually stated in a topic sentence or must be inferred from repeated details.

Note form

A summary format using headings, bullet points, and short phrases instead of full sentences. Keep grammatical words only when needed for meaning; do not write introductions.

Information transfer

Moving data from a passage into a table, chart, or notes. Copy exact words only when the rubric says so; otherwise paraphrase and keep the same category order.

Redundancy in summary

Repeated information that adds no new point. Remove examples, restatements, and figurative language; keep only distinct main points that answer the question's focus.

Directed writing

A composition task with a named audience, purpose, and format, such as a letter, speech, or article. The format and register are marked separately from content.

Formal letter frame

Includes sender address, date, receiver address, salutation, body paragraphs, closing, and signature. Use titles and surnames; avoid contractions and slang unless the task allows them.

Argumentative thesis

A single sentence in the introduction that states your position on the topic. Each body paragraph should support one reason, and the conclusion restates the thesis without new evidence.

Narrative arc

The plot structure: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution. A short story needs a clear conflict and a change in the main character or situation.

Register

The level of formality appropriate to the audience and purpose. Formal writing avoids slang and contractions; informal writing may use direct address and shorter sentences.

Topic sentence

The first sentence of a paragraph that states its main point. It should connect to the thesis and be followed by evidence, explanation, and a link to the next paragraph.

Speech opening

Begins with a greeting to the named audience, then states the topic and purpose. A strong opening may use a question, a short story, or a striking fact, but it must stay relevant.

Theme statement

A full sentence that expresses the text's central message about life or society, for example: 'The novel shows that loyalty can survive betrayal.' Avoid one-word topics like 'love'.

Characterisation

The methods a writer uses to build a character: direct description, the character's speech and actions, and what other characters say. Track changes to show development.

Stage directions

Instructions in a play script about setting, movement, tone, or props. They are usually in italics or brackets and reveal character relationships; quote them as evidence.

Oral formula

A repeated phrase or pattern in oral literature, such as a fixed opening, a proverb, or a call-and-response line. Formulas help performers remember long texts and signal genre.

Poetry line citation

When quoting verse, mark line breaks with a slash and keep the original line arrangement. If line numbers are printed, cite them after the quotation in brackets.

Literary essay body

Each paragraph makes one claim, gives textual evidence such as a quotation, and analyses how that evidence supports the claim. Link the paragraph to the thesis and the next point.

Unseen poem method

Read once for the story or situation, once for the speaker's feeling, and once for technique such as imagery or repetition. Then write about how technique creates meaning.

Active listening

Listening to understand rather than to reply. It includes noting the speaker's purpose, paraphrasing their point, and asking a clarifying question when a detail is unclear.

Turn-taking phrase

A polite expression used to enter or leave a group discussion, such as 'May I add...' or 'Could I finish my point?' It keeps the discussion orderly and shows respect.

Click articulation

In Khoekhoegowab, ǀ is a dental click, ǁ lateral, ǂ palatal, and ǃ alveolar. Practise each click in minimal pairs so the contrast remains clear in fast speech.

Presentation structure

Open with a greeting and topic, develop three main points with examples, summarise the points, and close with thanks or a call to action. Signpost each section.

Delivery checklist

Check eye contact, pace, volume, pauses at paragraph boundaries, and pronunciation of click letters. Replace filler words with a silent pause; a pause sounds more confident than 'um'.