Agricultural Technology, Innovation and Research
Agricultural technology, innovation and research covers improved varieties, mechanisation, ICT, precision farming, soil testing and the way research findings reach farmers. The exam tests whether you can interpret trial results and judge whether a technology is appropriate.
Core rules
A good trial has a control, replication, randomisation and uniform management apart from the treatment. Yield increase is compared with the control, not with the best plot. Technology must fit the farmer's resources, labour, capital and market. Extension communicates research through demonstrations, field days and radio. Indigenous knowledge can complement science, but claims need testing.
Worked example
A local maize variety yields 1.8 t/ha and an improved variety yields 2.7 t/ha in the same replicated trial. Calculate the yield increase. Reasoning: increase = 2.7 − 1.8 = 0.9 t/ha. Percentage increase = 0.9 ÷ 1.8 × 100 = 50%. The control shows what would have happened without the variety. One trial is not enough for a blanket recommendation; check seasons and sites.
Traps that cost marks
Do not compare a new variety with a poorly managed plot. Do not confuse correlation with cause. Do not recommend a technology without considering cost, labour and market access.