NSSCO Khoekhoegowab First Language 6098 flashcards
NSSCO Khoekhoegowab First Language 6098 · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Dental click ǀ
- A click made with the tongue tip against the upper front teeth; written with the symbol ǀ and followed by its accompaniment letter in Khoekhoegowab spelling.
- Alveolar click ǃ
- A click produced with the tongue tip at the alveolar ridge behind the upper teeth; the symbol ǃ is one of the four basic click letters in Khoekhoegowab.
- Lateral click ǁ
- A click made by releasing air at the side of the tongue; written ǁ. It contrasts with dental, alveolar and palatal clicks in Khoekhoegowab.
- Palatal click ǂ
- A click made with the tongue blade against the hard palate; written ǂ. It is distinct from the dental, alveolar and lateral click letters.
- Active listening
- A listening process in which the listener identifies the speaker's main idea, supporting reasons, attitude and implied meaning, and notes key words rather than every word.
- Formal register
- Language suited to official or unfamiliar audiences: complete sentences, polite address, standard vocabulary and little or no slang; used in interviews, speeches and formal debates.
- Main idea
- The central point that a whole paragraph or text is about; it is broader than a supporting detail and can usually be stated in one sentence.
- Inference
- A conclusion drawn from clues in the text rather than from a direct statement; a valid inference must be supported by at least one textual detail.
- Fact versus opinion
- A fact can be checked or proven; an opinion is a judgement, belief or feeling. Evaluative words such as best or beautiful often signal opinion.
- Cohesion
- The linking of sentences and paragraphs through pronouns, conjunctions, repetition, synonyms and transition words so that the text reads as one coherent whole.
- Summary writing
- A shortened restatement of a text's main idea and key points in the reader's own words, leaving out examples, repetition and minor details while keeping the original meaning.
- Text purpose
- The reason a text was written, such as to inform, persuade, entertain, instruct or describe; purpose and audience together shape vocabulary, tone and structure.
- Click accompaniment
- The letter written after a click symbol, for example g, k, kh, n or h, to show voicing, aspiration, nasality or glottalization; it forms one consonant cluster with the click.
- Capitalizing click words
- Click symbols have no uppercase forms; at the start of a sentence or proper noun, capitalize the first ordinary letter after the click, as in ǁKh...
- Tone in Khoekhoegowab
- Tone is phonemic: a change in pitch pattern can change a word's meaning. Standard spelling marks tone on vowels, so diacritics must be copied exactly.
- Noun gender suffixes
- Khoekhoegowab nouns commonly take masculine singular -b, feminine singular -s and neuter singular -i; plural suffixes include masculine -gu, feminine -di and neuter -ga.
- SOV word order
- The basic declarative order in Khoekhoegowab is subject-object-verb; the finite verb normally comes last, with particles in fixed positions.
- Concord
- Agreement between a noun and its pronouns, adjectives or verb forms in gender and number; the noun's suffix tells which concord to use.
- Minimal pair
- Two words that differ in only one sound feature, such as click type, vowel or tone, but have different meanings; sentence context helps identify the intended word.
- Direct speech punctuation
- Direct speech is placed inside quotation marks, with a reporting clause and correct punctuation for statement, question or exclamation; the spoken words keep their own tone marks.
- Narrative arc
- The structure of a story: exposition and setting, rising action, climax, falling action and resolution; character change and conflict drive the arc.
- Thesis statement
- A single sentence that states the main claim of an argumentative essay; the body paragraphs give reasons and evidence that support it.
- Topic sentence
- The sentence that states the controlling idea of a paragraph; the remaining sentences support, explain or illustrate that idea.
- Formal letter format
- Includes sender address, date, recipient address, salutation, body, closing and signature; the register is polite and contractions are usually avoided.
- Register
- The level of formality chosen for an audience and situation; formal register avoids slang and contractions, while informal register is conversational and personal.
- Editing checklist
- A final check of click symbols, tone marks, concord, tense, spelling, punctuation, paragraphing and word limit before submitting a composition.
- Oral literature
- Literature performed aloud and passed on by memory, including folktales, praise poetry, proverbs, riddles, songs and historical narratives; performance, voice and audience matter.
- Praise poetry
- An oral or written poem that honours a person or community using repetition, parallelism, epithets, metaphor and strong performance; it often praises achievements and ancestry.
- Trickster tale
- A folktale in which a clever animal such as the jackal or hare deceives stronger characters; the plot usually ends with a lesson about greed, cunning or fairness.
- Proverb
- A short, fixed traditional saying that expresses communal wisdom; it is interpreted figuratively and often supports a theme or moral in a text.
- Theme
- The central idea or message of a literary text, such as justice, survival or respect; theme is different from plot, which is the sequence of events.
- Characterization
- The methods used to reveal a character: direct description by the narrator or indirect revelation through actions, speech, thoughts and other characters' reactions.