OMS flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Le Fort I fracture

Horizontal fracture of the maxilla above the tooth apices, separating the palate from the upper face; often requires interdental fixation.

Ludwig's angina

Rapidly spreading cellulitis of bilateral submandibular, sublingual, and submental spaces, often odontogenic; airway compromise is the primary concern.

Odontogenic keratocyst

Cyst of odontogenic origin with parakeratinized epithelium and corrugated surface; high recurrence rate after enucleation due to satellite cysts.

Pleomorphic adenoma

Benign salivary gland tumor with mixed epithelial and mesenchymal components; most common in parotid; recurrence risk due to pseudopodia.

Lidocaine maximum dose

7 mg/kg with epinephrine (max 500 mg) and 4.4 mg/kg without epinephrine (max 300 mg) for adult dental anesthesia.

Lipid emulsion therapy

Treatment for local anesthetic systemic toxicity: 20% lipid emulsion 1.5 mL/kg bolus followed by infusion; acts as a lipid sink.

Cone-beam CT dose

Effective dose for small field of view ranges 10-100 µSv, significantly lower than medical CT but higher than panoramic radiography.

MRI in TMJ

Modality of choice for assessing TMJ disc displacement and soft tissue pathology; T2-weighted images show joint effusion as bright signal.

Periodontal staging

2017 classification: Stage I (mild) to IV (severe) based on clinical attachment loss, bone loss, and tooth loss; guides treatment complexity.

Platform switching

Implant-abutment connection where abutment diameter is smaller than implant platform; reduces crestal bone loss and improves soft tissue stability.

Sodium hypochlorite irrigation

Root canal irrigant at 0.5-5.25% concentration; dissolves organic tissue and disinfects; requires rubber dam isolation to prevent extrusion.

Vertical root fracture

Longitudinal fracture of root, often presenting as J-shaped radiolucency; usually requires extraction; associated with post placement.

Occlusal vertical dimension

Distance between maxilla and mandible when teeth are in occlusion; increasing by 2-4 mm is generally tolerated with provisional restoration.

Zirconia crown

All-ceramic crown with high flexural strength (900-1200 MPa); requires 1-1.5 mm reduction and opaque liner for esthetics.

Twin Block appliance

Functional orthodontic appliance for Class II correction; advances mandible during growth spurt; worn full-time except eating.

Fluoride varnish

5% sodium fluoride applied every 3-6 months; reduces caries incidence by 30-40% in children; safe for primary and permanent teeth.

ASA classification

American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status: I healthy, II mild systemic disease, III severe disease, IV incapacitating disease, V moribund.

Bisphosphonate osteonecrosis

Exposed bone in maxillofacial region persisting >8 weeks in patient on bisphosphonates; risk higher with IV administration and duration >3 years.

Anaphylaxis management

Epinephrine 0.3-0.5 mg IM (1:1000) in thigh; repeat every 5-15 min; call emergency services; oxygen and IV fluids.

Autoclave sterilization

Standard cycle: 121°C at 15 psi for 15-20 minutes; kills spores and all microorganisms; monitor with biological indicators.

Inferior alveolar nerve block

Local anesthesia technique targeting inferior alveolar nerve near mandibular foramen; success rate ~80%; complications include trismus and nerve injury.

Articaine

Amide local anesthetic 4% with epinephrine; maximum dose 7 mg/kg; contraindicated in sulfite allergy; high lipid solubility.

Erythroplakia

Red patch of oral mucosa not attributable to other disease; highest malignant transformation rate (up to 90%); requires urgent biopsy.

Pemphigus vulgaris

Autoimmune blistering disease with IgG against desmoglein 3; intraepithelial clefting; Nikolsky sign positive; treated with corticosteroids.

Panoramic radiograph magnification

Vertical and horizontal magnification of 20-30%; not for precise measurements; useful for screening and treatment planning.

Guided tissue regeneration

Periodontal procedure using barrier membrane to exclude epithelium and allow periodontal ligament and bone regeneration; requires primary closure.

Electronic apex locator

Device measuring impedance to determine root canal working length; accuracy ±0.5 mm; confirm with radiograph.

Resin-bonded bridge

Minimally invasive fixed prosthesis using wing retainers bonded to adjacent teeth; survival ~80% at 5 years; avoid in parafunction.

Eruption timeline

First primary tooth 6-10 months; first permanent molar 6 years; maxillary canine 11-12 years; third molar 17-21 years.

Informed consent

Process of obtaining patient agreement after explaining diagnosis, treatment options, risks, benefits, and alternatives; documented in writing.

Syncope management

Place patient supine, elevate legs, administer oxygen; if no response, check glucose and vital signs; most recover within minutes.

Needlestick injury protocol

Wash with soap and water, report immediately, test for HIV/HBV/HCV; post-exposure prophylaxis within 2 hours; document incident.