Chemistry and Product Knowledge as Applied to Nails
The pH idea
pH runs from 0 to 14; 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, above 7 is alkaline. Skin and nails are mildly acidic, which helps them resist microbes. Alkaline soaps and prolonged water exposure raise surface pH and soften the plate. Questions often ask which product is acidic or alkaline rather than asking for a number.
Product families
- Solvents dissolve other substances: acetone removes most polish and soak-off product; non-acetone (often ethyl acetate) is gentler on dry nails but slower.
- Monomers and polymers - the liquid and powder that react to form the enhancement; EMA is the standard monomer, MMA is prohibited.
- Primers and dehydrators prepare the plate; initiators and photoinitiators start curing.
- Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing agent used in some soaking and whitening products.
- Disinfectants include quaternary ammonium compounds, phenolics, and chlorine bleach.
Safety with chemicals
Never mix products unless the label says so. Never mix bleach with ammonia or acids - it releases toxic gas. Store flammables away from heat and flame, keep containers closed and labeled, ventilate the room, and follow the SDS for handling and spills. Do not decant products into unmarked bottles or food containers.
Traps
- Acetone is flammable; a nearby curing lamp or open flame is a hazard.
- "Natural" or "organic" does not mean safe or non-allergenic.
- Products have shelf life and degrade; expired monomer polymerizes poorly.
Rule of thumb
Match the product to the label: dilution, contact time, and storage are chemistry instructions, not suggestions.