NC State Trooper flashcards
NC State Trooper · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Reasonable suspicion
- Specific and articulable facts that would lead a reasonable officer to believe criminal activity is afoot; it justifies a brief investigative detention but not a full search.
- Probable cause
- Facts and circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to believe an offense has been committed and the person to be arrested committed it.
- Miranda trigger
- Custodial interrogation triggers the requirement to advise a suspect of the right to remain silent and to counsel before questioning.
- Terry frisk
- A limited pat-down of outer clothing for weapons, permitted when an officer reasonably suspects the person is armed and dangerous during a lawful stop.
- Exclusionary rule
- Evidence obtained through an unconstitutional search or seizure is generally inadmissible in court, and derivative evidence may also be suppressed.
- Graham objective standard
- Use of force is judged by whether it was objectively reasonable under the totality of circumstances from the perspective of a reasonable officer on scene.
- Chain of custody
- A documented record of every person who handled evidence, from collection through court, used to show the item was not altered or contaminated.
- Implied consent
- North Carolina law deems a driver arrested for DWI to have consented to chemical testing; refusal triggers civil revocation and may be used at trial.
- Plain view doctrine
- An officer lawfully present may seize items whose incriminating character is immediately apparent and who has lawful access to the item.
- Search incident to arrest
- A warrantless search of the arrestee's person and the passenger compartment within reaching distance, justified by officer safety and evidence preservation.
- Juvenile delinquency jurisdiction
- North Carolina juvenile court generally handles offenders ages 6 through 17, with most 16- and 17-year-old felonies prosecuted as adult criminal matters.
- Juvenile waiver of rights
- A juvenile may waive rights only knowingly, voluntarily, and intelligently, with the opportunity to consult a parent, guardian, or custodian considered.
- Disposition levels
- North Carolina juvenile dispositions are Level 1 community-based, Level 2 intermediate, and Level 3 secure custody for the most serious offenders.
- Nontestimonial identification order
- A court order issued on probable cause allowing collection of fingerprints, photographs, or biological samples from a juvenile suspect.
- Undisciplined juvenile
- A juvenile status offender, such as a runaway or ungovernable youth, handled outside delinquency proceedings under the Juvenile Code.
- Juvenile record confidentiality
- Juvenile delinquency records are confidential by statute, with release limited to specified persons and purposes such as courts and schools.
- Juvenile transfer hearing
- A proceeding where the court determines whether a juvenile meeting statutory age and offense criteria should be transferred to superior court.
- Juvenile diversion
- A program that redirects eligible first-time juvenile offenders from formal court processing to community-based accountability or services.
- Incident Command System
- A standardized on-scene management structure organizing command, operations, planning, logistics, and finance and administration functions.
- Unified command
- A command structure in which agencies with jurisdiction jointly set objectives and manage the incident while retaining their own authority.
- Span of control
- The number of subordinates a supervisor can effectively manage, commonly three to seven with five as the target.
- Emergency management phases
- The four phases are mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery, forming a continuous cycle of risk reduction and restoration.
- Stafford Act
- The federal law authorizing disaster assistance programs, including public assistance for governments and individual assistance for survivors.
- Emergency Support Function
- A federal coordination structure grouping agencies by functional area, such as ESF-13 for public safety and security.
- After-action review
- A structured review after an incident or exercise identifying strengths and corrective actions, tracked through an improvement plan.
- Emergency Management Assistance Compact
- An interstate mutual aid agreement allowing states to request and provide emergency resources across state lines during declared emergencies.
- National Terrorism Advisory System
- The alert system issuing bulletins, elevated alerts, and imminent alerts to communicate terrorism threats to the public.
- Fusion center
- A state and local intelligence hub coordinating information sharing among federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial partners within privacy safeguards.
- Critical infrastructure sectors
- Sixteen sectors, such as energy, water, and transportation, each coordinated by a designated sector-specific federal agency.
- Suspicious activity reporting
- Reporting observed behavior reasonably indicative of preoperational criminal or terrorist planning, based on behavior rather than protected characteristics.
- Risk formula
- Infrastructure risk is assessed as threat multiplied by vulnerability multiplied by consequence, guiding protection priorities.
- Active threat priorities
- Response priorities are neutralizing the threat first, then life safety and evacuation, then scene stabilization and evidence preservation.